Understanding and Leading Change

This assignment explores the impact of change on organizations, focusing on Tesco and Sainsbury's. It discusses the comparison of organizations, the effects of internal and external drivers of change on leadership and behaviors, and measures to minimize negative impacts. It also covers barriers to change and leadership approaches to industry changes.

Understanding and Leading Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................3
TASK 1......................................................................................................................................3
P1 Equating organisations where there has been an influence of change on an
organisation’s plan and processes..........................................................................................3
P2 the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviours within an organisation.........................................................................5
P3 measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on organisational
behaviour................................................................................................................................8
TASK 2....................................................................................................................................10
P4 barriers for change and there influence leadership decision-making in a given
organisational context...........................................................................................................10
P5 leadership approaches to industry with change in a organisation...................................11
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................13
Books and journals...................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organization change is described as a process in which it is necessary to implement
changes in order to maximize profit at minimal risk. Due to change in external environment,
it is important to change the activities and functions which are necessary for survival of
business firm. In addition to this, it also involves many changes such as technological,
cultural as well as behavioral changes that are necessary for performance of business
organization. Apart from this, leadership plays an important role in implementing changes
within firm. The leader provides guidance to its employees to accept the changes which occur
at workplace. This assignment is separated into two parts in which first part emphasized on
comparison among various organization that imposes direct impact on organization strategy
and tactics. There are different external as well as internal factor which enforces direct
influence on individual, team and leadership behavior. And in second portion, there are
different approaches is given to deal with changes in an effective manner. Therefore, in this
assignment, TESCO and Sainsbury’s are undertaken. Both are well-known chain of
supermarket which is located in UK. And also both these firm selling its good and services in
order to satisfy the consumer at marketplace(Clack, 2020).
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1Comparing organisations where there has been an effect of change on an organisation’s
plan & processes.
Organisational structure signifies how different activities and function like task
distribution, coordination and administration are fixed towards accomplishing goal and
objective in stipulated period of time. In addition to this, it imposes direct impact on actions
of business firm as well as offers the groundwork on which standard functioning and routines
rest.
Tesco: Tesco is British international chain of supermarket which provides wide
variety of products and services to its customer. This company was founded by Jack Cohen in
the year of 1919 which is located in UK. If it is measured in term of its gross income then it is

the third biggest retailing company. And by its new income, it is seventh biggest retailer
across the world.
Sainsbury:Sainsbury is the second largest chain of supermarket which is located in
London, UK. This company was originated by James Sainsbury in the year of 1896. They
offer wide range of products and services to its buyer at affordable cost. And also, this
company achieve a leading position with 16% market share of UK(Domínguez, 2018).
Therefore, the comparison among both Tesco and Sainsbury which is going to be mentioned
below:
Tesco
Technological Change: There is a vast change in technology of UK online grocery as
well as supply of products at home. Therefore, the manager of TESCO focuses on gripping
opportunities by implementing business model of online grocery product which renown as
“Tesco direct”. By executing this model, the online services are quickly growing in the year
of 2006. It is necessary to adopt advanced technology in order to provide high quality
products and services to its customer at affordable cost. It is necessary to make technological
changes for satisfying the changing demands of customer at marketplace.
Policy and methods: Herein, the manager of Tesco focuses on adopting different
policies as well as promotional technique such as advertising, publicity, sponsorship as well
as events in order to promote products and services in mind-set of customer.
Structural Change:By approvingonline trading system, Tesco entirely alter its
structure. It increase market share of company by 40% and became third biggest retailing
sector at marketplace of UK. Therefore, it is necessary for company to change the structure
in order to achieve leading position at marketplace.
Sainsbury
Technological Change: Herein, the manager of Sainsbury’s focuses on implementing
latest technology by bring up-to-date software in order to provided support while dealing
with customer in an effective manner. They also use Artificial intelligence in order to resolve
the problems of customer at marketplace. It helps in increasing trust and loyalty of buyer for
longer period of time.

Policy and methods: Sainsbury adopting innovative software that helps them in
dealing with different policies as well as improving the performance within business
organisation.
Structural Change: Due to change in structure, Sainsbury increases its sales as well
as profitability level at marketplace. They operate their business across the world by dealing
with superior quality products and services at affordable cost(Dudar, Scott and Scott, 2017).
The company manage structure in such a way that increases sales in future period of time.
Change impact analysis
A change impact analysis is a procedure which is given by Arnold in order to assess
the consequences of changes imposes direct impact on growth of business firm. There is
different kind of changes impact analysis such as dependence, experimental as well as
technique trace. In addition to this, it is necessary to analyse the possible consequences of
changes as well as anticipating what requires to be improved in order to accomplishing
changes within business organisation.
P2 themethods in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviours within an organisation.
There are different micro and macro environmental factor which imposes direct
impact on performance of business organisation. SWOT analyses is adopted for analysing
strength, opportunities, threat as well as weaknesses that enforces direct influence on
productivity of firm. In reference of TESCO, the SWOT analysis is described below:
STRENGTH
 TESCO is largest chain of supermarket which provides wide variety of products and
services to its customer. It increases sales as well as profitability level at marketplace.
 TESCO has extensive brand fairness in the name with international recognition in
term of quality, assortment as well as services.
 TESCO has acquired many rewards for its retail brilliance, customer services as well
as entire shopping experience(Emam and Gaad, 2018).
WEAKNESS

 Due to increase in level of competition, it decreases the profit margin of TESCO at
marketplace.
 Due to decrease in income of an individual person, they spent less on buying products
and services. Therefore, it imposes negative impact on sales of company.
OPPORTUNITIES
 The major advantage of TESCO is achieving growth in online shopping and offering
home delivery services in many regions.
 The management team of TESCO implement latest technology that helps them in
offering innovative products and services to its customer as per their need and wants.
THREAT
 There is different kind of expenditure which included multilevel parking, trained sales
person that incurred extra charges to the cost of product as well as services at
marketplace.
 Economic recessions & credit crunches enforces adverse influences on performance
of business organisation can be considered as a major threat for company.
SWOT of Sainsbury’s
STRENGTH
 The supervisor of Sainsbury focuses on using new technique of promotion such as
sponsorship and events for attracting large number of buyer in the market.
 Herein, the manager makes appropriate strategy for boosting reputation as well as
goodwill of business firm in mind-set of customer (Ghosseini, 2017).
WEAKNESS
 Sometime, there are different issues and a problem which is faced by manager in
relation to switching the brand is determined as a threat for organisation.
 Due to reducing the price of competitor’s goods as well as services thus it enforces
adverse influence on sales of Sainsbury.
OPPORTUNITIES

 Sainsbury offer goods as well as services in rural areas in order to increase
productivity as well as profitability level at marketplace.
 They run their business at international level that enhances reputation and goodwill in
mind-set of customer.
THREAT
 There are numerous competitors of Sainsbury like Asda, Resco and Aldi which offer
superior quality goods and services at affordable price is determined as a threat for
organisation.
 Due to Brexit, it imposes extra cost to the goods of business firm that eroded the sales
in upcoming period of time.
PEST Analysis
Political: It comprises government law, tax policy, rules, and regulation and so on
which imposes both positive and negative impact on productivity as well as profitability of
business organisation.
Positive impact: The political situation of UK is constant which enforces favourable
influences on productivity as well as profitability of firm. It is not necessary for business
organisation to change their policies that increases performance at marketplace.
Negative impact: The tax rate is increases add extra cost to the products of company
imposes adverse impact on performance of organisation at marketplace. It reduces the sales
as well as profitability of business organisation (Hoover, 2018).
Economical: The economicfactor includes interest rate, exchange rate, trade, tariff
rate as well as inflation rate and many more.
Positive impact: TESCO offer superior quality products and services to its customer at
affordable cost. It helps in increasing sales as well as profit in future period of time.
Negative impact: The economic stagnation enhances the rate of unemployment at
marketplace. Thus, it reduces the revenue of employees, and individual person move to those
goods and services of fewer prices which enforces adverse influence on sales of TESCO in
upcoming period of time.

Social: These factors compriselifestyle, trends, age and preferences of buyer and so
on. The supervisor offer unique goods and services to its buyer in order to enhance their
standard of living. It enforces positive influence on success and growth of TESCO.
Positive impact: TESCO offer innovative and specific goods to its customer in order
to retain them for longer period of time.
Negative impact: Due to frequently changes in needs of consumer, it is not possible
for business firm to satisfy their need.
Technological: Due to execution of advanced technology, the supervisor of TESCO
provides high quality of goods and services to its client. It boosts reputation as well as
goodwill of business form in mind-set of buyer.
Positive impact: It is necessary for business firm to implement latest technology in
order to provide innovative products and services to its customer at affordable cost. It helps in
increasing sales in upcoming period of time.
Negative impact: The cost of implementation of advanced technology is too high thus
it adds extra cost to the products and services of company.
PEST analysis of Sainsbury’s
Political: Due to Brexit, it is not easy for supervisor of Sainsbury’s in order to import
good as well as services from overseas. Thus, the cost of foreign good is high leads to
difficulty for firm to sustain client for longer time period.
Positive impact: Due to stable political condition, it imposes favourable influence on
profitability of company.
Negative impact: Due to Brexit, it is not easy for firm it import and export goods as
well as services across the world.
Economical: Due to rise in anticipation of subordinates, it is necessary to offer
innovative products and services in order to satisfy them. There are ample of staffs within
business organization in order execute different tasks like supplying shelves as well as
handling the checkout. Therefore, Sainsbury provides them salary more than its income, thus
it adds extra charges to the goods and eroded sales in upcoming period of time.

Positive impact: They offer superior quality products and services to its customer that
helps them in gaining competitive advantage over rival firm at marketplace.
Negative impact: There are ample of staffs within business organization in order
execute different tasks like supplying shelves as well as handling the checkout. Therefore,
Sainsbury provides them salary more than its income, thus it adds extra charges to the goods
and eroded sales in upcoming period of time.
Social: In present time, the buyer becomes more aware towards health so that they
shift their taste to healthy foods like salads, snacks and shakes. Thus, Sainsbury’s focuses on
offering goods as well as services according to the demands of buyer that increases success
and growth in future period of time.
Positive impact: Thus, Sainsbury’s focuses on offering goods as well as services
according to the demands of buyer that increases success and growth in future period of time.
Negative impact: There are number of competitive firm offer similar kind of products
services. Thus, it sometime reduces brand image and reputation of company in front of
customer at marketplace.
Technological: Sainsbury’s using Artificial Intelligencefor providing innovative
goods as well as services to its buyer. Thus, it enhances sales as well as profitability level in
upcoming period of time (Hughes, 2016).
Positive impact: Sainsbury’s using Artificial Intelligence for providing innovative
goods as well as services to its buyer. Thus, it enhances sales as well as profitability level in
upcoming period of time
Negative impact: The use of advanced technology adds extra cost to the product and
services of company.
On the basis of above mentioned topics, it has been analysed that due to change on
micro and macro environment which enforces direct influences on behaviour of individual,
leadership as well as team member. Therefore, it is important for company to determine both

internal as well as external environmental factor while building effective strategy and tactics
in order to boost sales in upcoming time period. In addition to this, the leader build
appropriate plan of action that helps them in cope up with alternation made at marketplace.
P3measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on organisational
behaviour
It is important for business firm to create changes in order to arrange business life
cycle in suitable way. In assistance of this, the execution of latest technology assists
organisation in gaining leading position in the market. The supervisor of TESCO embraces
the changes that help in achieving competitive benefits at marketplace. In reference of
TESCO, the top management focuses on using System theory and Burke- Litwen model for
reducing adverse influences of changes on organisational behaviour which is discussed
below:
System Theory
The system theory is used to execute changes within business organisation at
marketplace. In addition to this, there are six types of variable like task, design, people,
strategy, technology as well as culture which minimize the adverse influence of changes on
behaviour of organisation(Nadim and Singh, 2019).
People:It is important for TESCO to differentiate the employees in term of goal,
perception, need as well as motives. Thus, the management team encourages subordinates for
adopting changes within business organisation.
Task: The supervisor focuses on assigning task as per the capabilities, talent and skill
of employees of the company.
Design:After assigning task to the talent staff, it is necessary for supervisor of TESCO
to design structure of organisation in order to execute change in an appropriate manner.
Strategy: The manager of TESCO build appropriate plan of action in order to
encourage subordinates towards executing changes within business organisation.
Technology:It is necessary for organisation to implement latest technology that helps
in accepting the changes by employees in an effective manner.

Culture: Herein, the culture involves norms, beliefs, value and expectation of
employees which is necessary to fulfilled for executing change within business organisation.
On the basis of above mentioned theory, it has been analysed that all factors are inter-
dependent on each other. It is important for manager of TESCO must determine elements for
eliminating the adverse influences on changes on behaviour of organisation.
Burke- Litwen model
Burke- Litwen model of organisation maintaincause- and effect relationship. This
model is used for eliminating the influences of changes on behaviour of organisation. There
is different kind of elements which is adopted to execute changes which are discussed below:
External Environment: It is important for supervisor of TESCO to assess macro
environment for implementing changes within business organisation. In assistance of this,
they emphasised on assessing the changing demand of buyer for satisfying them(Peate,
2019).
Performance: The leader focuses on adopting latest technology for bring changes in
the company. They encourage subordinate to adopt changes for executing tough task easily.
Transformational Factor:Herein, the leader build effective strategy and tactics in order
to adopt changes for accomplishing goal and objective in stipulated period of time.
Transactional factor: The supervisor of TESCO focuses on encouraging subordinates
that helps them in accepting changes within business organisation.
Form the above discussed topics, it has been examined that it is necessary to build
structure of organisation in such a manner that assists business firm in executing changes at
workplace. In addition to this, the leader encourages subordinates to adopt changes within
business organisation. And also the execute attest technology assists staffs for performing
tough task in better way.

TASK 2
P4barriers for change and there influence leadership decision-making in a given
organisational context
Leadership is the procedure in which they motivate employees in order to achieve
goal and objective of business organisation in stipulated period of time. And also, there are
ample of barriers in managing change within organisation which imposes negative impact on
decision taken by leader at workplace.
Barriers of change management: There are ample of changes which arise within
business organisation but it is not possible to adopt the changes by staff in appropriate
manner. Thus, it generates resistance to change which imposes negative impact on decision
making of leadership of TESCO.
Lack of Involvement employees:Management of change is the procedurein which it is
necessary to bring change inactivates and functioning of business organisation. Therefore, it
is important for management team to increase the involvement of employees in decision
making so as they accept changes easily. If this process is not undertaken properly then it
imposes negative impact on decision taken by leader at workplace(Reeves, 2018).
Lack of Proper Communication Strategy:Herein, if there is a lack of suitable
communication, it is not possible for top management of TESCO to communicate the
information among employees in proper manner. It results in increasing conflicts as well as
grievance at workplace which leads to interruption in work eroded profit of company.
Inadequate resource and Budget: Due to scarcity of resources, it is not possible for
firm to adopt changes at workplace. In addition to this, it is necessary for organisation to
consider budget in order to implement changes within business organisation thus leads to
barrier to changes.
Edgar Schein Model
As per this model, it is not possible for business organisation to adopt new culture
easily. In addition to this, every process takes too much time at workplace. Thus, accepting
the changes which arises in macro environment is time consuming as well as it is not easy for
new staff to adopt new culture within business organisation. It generates adverse working

environment of the company. There are three phases of organisation culture that is going to
be mentioned below:
Artefacts
An artefact is considered as a physical appearance of business organisation.It involves
different kind of factors like mythologies, rituals and dress code of staffs as well as physical
things like rewards, logos, sign as well as design and many more. It helps the staff in gaining
knowledge regarding culture which is followed within business organisation. In context of
TESCO, the management team motivates employees to assess these items which assist in
maintaining positive culture of organisation(Spruill, 2019).
Values
In second phase, value signifies as the combinedorigin of what is determined as a
worthy, anticipated as well as appropriate or bad, detrimental and inappropriate in a culture.
There are basic business values which included revolutions, equality as well as involvement
of community. Therefore, it is useful in achieving goal and objective of business organisation
in stipulated period of time.
AssumedValues
In third phase, it is not possible for business firm to measure assumed values in an
appropriate manner. There is difference in organisation culture as well as all other facets of
human nature are undertaken. It is necessary to minimize the dominance of male and female
employees in order to take effective decision within business organisation.
P5 leadership approaches to industry with change in an organisation
There is different kind of leadership approaches to industry in order to undertake
changes within business organisation which is going to be mentioned below:
Situation leadership theory: This theory signifies that it is necessary for leader to
change their attitude and behaviour according to situations occurs at workplace. Therefore,
the organisation environment is too frequently changed within business organisation. In
addition to this, there leader must behave as per the conditions which arises within business

organisation. Apart from this, the manager adopts innovative technique in order to executing
the changes at workplace(Trimm, 2017).
Relationship theory: This theory is also called transformational theory in which the
manager encourages subordinate in order to accomplish vision and mission of business
organisation. It helps in increasing performance level of employees at workplace. It is the
responsibility of leader to motivate subordinates in order to performing their work in better
way. In addition to this, it helps in increasing sales as well as profitability level in upcoming
period of time. And also they maintain positive relationship among leader and employees
within business organisation.
Lewin's Change Model:This is a model which assists the business organisation in taking
appropriate decision for business organisation. It also maintains virtuous agenda that helps in
making effective policies and strategy for taking decision related to business firm.
 Unfreeze:It is the procedure in which the management team of TESCO focuses on
assessing changes requires within business organisation.And also identify structure
for executing changes that helps in performing difficult task in easy way.It assists in
increasing sales as well as profitability level of the company in upcoming period of
time. It aid assistance to manager to cope up changes at workplace.
 Change: Herein, it is necessary to implement changes within business organisation in
order to boost productivity as well as profitability level at workplace(Yoder-Wise,
Waddell and Walton, 2019).
 Refreeze: Freezing is considered as the procedure in which it is necessary to execute,
modify as well as retaining changes within business organisation. Therefore, in this
process, it is important to follow the policies related to changes at workplace.
CONCLUSION
From the basis of above mentioned report, it has been analyzed that it is necessary to
bring changes within business organization for increasing sales as well as profitability level at
workplace. There is different type of micro and macro environment which is adopted for
developing changes in the company. In addition to this, the leadership and behavior of team
affected due to change in business environment. The main objective of business firm is to
earn more and more profit. It helps in increasing sales as well as profitability level in
upcoming period of time. Apart from this, there are ample of barriers which occur while

implementing changes at workplace. Therefore, it is necessary for manager to deal with such
barrier in an effective manner. It generates positive environment in the company thus it
increases performance level of employees at workplace in an effective manner.
REFERENCES
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Bible (Doctoral dissertation, Regent University).
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West, J.A. and Gibbs, S., Leading Change: How Alaska Airlines Took Over an Industry
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