UNDERSTANDING FACILITIES MANAGEMENT PROJECTS

UNDERSTANDING
FACILITIES
MANAGEMENT
PROJECTS

TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
a. Range of facilities management projects. Explain their unique characteristics that enable them to
be classified as projects rather than as business as usual...................................................................3
b. Role and responsibilities of project manager. Explain the nature of the relationship between the
project manager and the following....................................................................................................3
c. Scoping stage for a facilities management project as well as process for agreeing the project brief
as the basis for detailed planning.......................................................................................................4
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................5
a. Example of facilities project, explain how would select and develop project team, including size
of team and individual members roles, skills and required availability.............................................5
b. How cross functional project team can benefit successful project delivery...................................5
TASK 3.................................................................................................................................................5
a. Critical Path Analysis could be employed as a technique for programming a facilities project.....5
The methods you could use to scope the project’s deliverables and associated tasks and the linear
relationship between them.................................................................................................................5
b. Produce an example of a “Gantt Chart” to schedule the separate tasks of the facilities project
identified in Task 3a. Demonstrate how your Gantt chart assists project management by the
following:..........................................................................................................................................5
c. Compare and contrast the use of “resource smoothing” and “resource levelling” as techniques to
assist management of the project schedule and the resources plan....................................................5
d. Describe how you would use the project schedule (Task 3b above) to monitor, review and report
progress. Describe your communication plan for this purpose.........................................................5
e. Explain the use of “Earned Value Analysis” (EVA) as a technique to evaluate progress against
schedule and efficient expenditure of the project budget...................................................................6
f. Identify the potential problems that could occur for the project identified in Task 3a above and
specify their effects on the project plan and deliverables. Explain a process for making and
agreeing changes to the project plan..................................................................................................6
g. What is meant by the term “scope creep”? What risk does this present to successful project
delivery?............................................................................................................................................6
TASK 4.................................................................................................................................................6
a. Process for closing the facilities project and how to ensure all aspects are completed satisfactory
for hand-over to client.......................................................................................................................6
b. Evaluate the effectiveness of the project in delivering the required outcomes. Collect and collate
lessons learned for future projects.....................................................................................................6
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................7

TASK 1
a. Range of facilities management projects. Explain their unique characteristics that enable
them to be classified as projects rather than as business as usual
Management Project work is to achieve the definite goal in the definite time period by
a specific success criteria by working on the some steps like conception and initiation,
definition and planning, launch or execution, performance and control, closing. the main
limitation of the management project is time, budget, scope and quality. The basic challenge
of the management project is to achieve the goals with the given limitations. The objective of
the management project make the project with the client requirement or client objectives (Liu
and Issa, 2016). To get the required objective in the management project the client should be
specified and brief about its objective.
The Facility management job title was found in a small to a large scale organization
from a public entities ( school and hospital) to a private organization. The FM (Facility
Management) is the board control which include many industries and organizations like
manufacture, food technology to e-commerce and beyond. In any business in which the
facility management procedure and techniques applying these techniques and procedure are
highly specialized. There are several range of facility management project explanation of
these are as follows :-
 Estimate the budget by all projects.
 The system is been maintained, upgrade and start any service.
 Get allowance of the space which might be necessary for the future modernisation.
 Any time there regulatory changes arises for that the employs are provided necessary
training schedule and the employs are certified to deal with the situation.
 There are any changes arises in the budget, schedule, or manpower in real time by the
high-ups for that the database is maintained transparent.
 The project schedule in made which include scope and budgetary needs.
 For the development and work progress, advisory is been given to all workers, include
employs and consultants.
Apart from this, there are some unique characteristics which shows that project and business
a usual activity. Explanation of these are as follows :-

 The members of the project team are supposed to be repot to their project manager as
well as its own line of business unit whereas "business as usual" team suppose the
report to Business as Usual manager only (Edirisinghe and et. al., 2017). The project
team is a matrix organization.
 To manage the project the project manager should specialised in the project
management skill and functional knowledge whereas, to managing the business as
usual the operation requires general management skill and functional knowledge.
 The business as usual team face less difficulty than project team in team building,
team trust and team satisfaction and these thing are the main obstacles in achieving
the goals.
 The business as usual operation usually being allocated with more resources whereas
Project usually subject to resources constraints e.g. time, cost, quality, scope etc.
 Business as usual have long term goals whereas project have a short-term specific
goal.
 The business as usual is going with day to day with their operations whereas the
project have a starting and a ending date.
b. Role and responsibilities of project manager. Explain the nature of the relationship
between the project manager and the following
Project manager is the professional within the field of project management as well as
they have responsibilities of planning, procurement as well as execution of project. There are
several role and responsibility of project manager explanation to these are as follows :-
1. Planning – It is an essential as it determines whether a project will get approval or not
and will the project achieve a certain goal. Project plan, scope, efficient procedure,
policies and schedule is also defined during planning. Budget and specified time must
always be kept in mind.
 Organizing – It includes assigning of roles to the team members setting targets with
deadlines (Cavka, Staub-French and Poirier, 2017). Members are also briefed about
certain tools that they can use to fulfill their target.
2. Leading – Project manager must coordinate with other team members, keep regular
check and ensure that they are following the guidelines and meeting the deadlines.
Regular meetings must also be conducted to ensure that the project goes on in a
smooth manner.

3. Monitoring – It must be always ensured that the project is on the right track and the
resources are being used efficiently so that the project can be completed within the
timeframe.
4. Communication – Vision and objectives must be constantly shared with the team.
Statue meetings are also conducted. Communication is not only with the team
members but also with the clients, project sponsors and external vendors etc.
Relationship between project manager and project sponsor - Decisions regarding
scope, schedule and budget are given by the sponsor to the project manager (Pishdad-Bozorgi
and et. al., 2018). The project manager does it’s best to deliver what’s required. Decisions
regarding how long should the team work and regarding to which features must be developed
are all taken by sponsor and not by the project manager. The sponsor also decides how big
the team will be. These decisions are given to the project manager, who organizes the work
shifts, works out an itinerary, and motivates the team members so that the project can be
completed on time and the goals can be achieved. If something goes wrong and the project
manager realizes that the project will not be completed on time, issue is discussed with the
sponsor who decides what should be done next.
Relationship between project manager and project team - Project manager is
responsible for project’s successful completion. Team members work on one or more stages
of the project. Team members must make documents regarding the process and hand it to the
manager. Regular meetings must be conducted in which the team discusses about the budget
and completion of the project. Manager must ensure that the team is following the guidelines
and fulfilling the objectives. Manager must also have some technical knowledge to support its
team. Manager must always encourage and motivate its team members. If any team member
experiences any problem, manager must be informed immediately. Tools provided by the
manager can be efficiently used by the team.
c. Scoping stage for a facilities management project as well as process for agreeing the
project brief as the basis for detailed planning
In the project development procedure scoping is the initial step when project sponsor
defines purpose as well as need of project and also determine fund sources project manager
for specific project will assigned (Sarpin, Kasim and Zainal, 2017). Moreover, duration of
scoping phase is totally depended om project complexity as well as involves identifying
stakeholders, establishing project team. Confirming purpose and need of project, determining
level of environmental documentation and permit needed and many more. The Scoping

Phase starts when the Project Manager amasses a multi-disciplinary venture group which
incorporates other suitable Stakeholders who assess the undertaking and the accessible asset
materials and continues to examine the venture concerning their individual controls. The task
group characterizes the necessary undertaking expectations, the working spending plan and
the timetable for planning and building up the task (Gheisari and Irizarry, 2016). At the finish
of the Scoping Phase, the Project Manager will look for endorsement of the Checking Report
from the task support to convey the undertaking inside set up specialized necessities on-
schedule and inside financial plan.
The future scope of facility management is totally based on three possible directions.
Explanation of these in relation of project management are as follows :-
 To shift from facilities cost centre from an business firm profit centre, viewing
facilities as an tool for generating income.
 Scope of FM work as integrative work to amalgamate 3 major factors within project
i.e., place. People and process with sense of appropriate planning, on-going
integration of essential facilities as well as support services.
 To handle future changes in project by implementing innovative approaches in facility
management as well as services.
TASK 2
a. Example of facilities project, explain how would select and develop project team, including
size of team and individual members roles, skills and required availability.
Activity that changes in function, use of physical space, or eliminates services, utilities or
architectural components in any construction or renovation is classified as facilities project
(Zadeh and et. al., 2017). Due to program growth, changes in university methods or program
delivery, advances in technology or the need to replace a space, structure, or system that has
reached the end of its useful life, project originate from the need to create, expand or alter a
space. Project and maintenance can be differentiated by two key distinctions
 Planning, professional engineering, permitting, and state inspection are typically
required in projects.
 Maintenance is typically funded by an annual budget and on the other hand projects
are individually funded.
For instance, facilities example related to commercial building such as house is important
for an project manager to focus on facilities which have to be in house. Like, store room,

dressing room, kitchen selves and many other. So that, people who will live in this house
don’t face difficulty related to anything.
Selection and development of team - The following steps must be kept in mind for the
selection of the team because while working in group it is important that every individual
person should have different skills, knowledge as so on (Kim, Sunitiyoso and Medal, 2019).
Explanation of these are as follows :-
1. Ensure that each and every person understands their role and duty- many
employees knows their basic roles but lack in having an in-depth understanding of
it. Sometimes employees are hired and they start working without knowing what
they are fully expected to do and how their role is important for the successes of
the team and company. Briefing of every person must be done individually.
2. Providing tools for training and development- customized training must be
offered to make sure they understand how to be successful in their current role at
the company. These trainings must be based on individual’s current skill set and
abilities. To build their experience and shape their competencies for the future
role, additional development tools, classes, trainings, and assignments must be
provided by the company.
3. Must be allowed to do their job- Many managers do not trust their team to get
the work done. Manager must not disturb the employees will working and must
not take all the work load. It must be ensured that manager let his team do their
specified job (Yalcinkaya, 2017). Manager must only supervise and must be
available when ever the team needs and must trust the team which will make them
more confident. Manager must empower them to make decisions and to handle the
responsibilities and consequences of their roles.
4. Discussion of goals in meetings with team members- Accountability is the key
of development. Monthly goals must be reviewed and new goals must be checked
in time to time meetings. Honest feedback on the areas where progress needs to be
made must be discussed and success must be celebrated. Managers must
understand that employees desire for constructive feedback. It is important for
employees to know their weaknesses so that they can improve and achieve their
goals.

b. How cross functional project team can benefit successful project delivery.
Cross functional team is group of people which made up of people who are from
different functional area within an business firm such as engineering, sales, human resource,
marketing and many more. In addition to this, cross functional team have many forms but
they are set up as working groups which are designed for making decision at lower level than
is customary (Call and Sullivan, 2019). Along with this, in recent years cross functional team
has become well known within business environment because of three primary major reasons
such as respective team improve coordination and integration, reduce production cycle time
within development of product as well as span organizational boundaries. Moreover, bringing
individual together from distinct disciplines can result in enhancing solution of problem as
well as result more through decision making. Respective team is similar to conventional work
team but in they different from each other in various important manner. There are mention
below :-
 Cross functional team is composed of members who have competing loyalties as well
as obligation to primary subunit in an project management.
 In organisations, where cross functional team use on part time basis in opposition of
permanent organisational structure, they are temporary groups which organised for
important purpose that simply means group members are under considerable pressure
(Naghshbandi, 2017). Moreover, on these temporary teams, Early development of
effective as well as stable team interaction is imperative.
 Cross functional teams held high performance standards than conventional teams.
Apart from this, there are several benefits of successful project delivery explanation of these
are as follows :-
 High-level insights – CFT are set up as well as running well provide assistance in any
foster change in project. This is not accidently it is due to the level of insights they
receive by understanding what other division are working on that will give them big
picture and through clarity better decisions will be taken.
 They encourage experimentation and innovation – In cross functional team several
people of different department work together as well as each and every individual
have distinct skills and knowledge (Lok and et. al., 2019). When they all work
together it will result in bringing something new and innovative that result in
successful delivery of project.

 Cross functional team build leadership skills – It is related to driving team for
successful reaching goals or milestones within required duration. Moreover, cross
functional team help in building leadership skills which result in successful delivery
of project.
TASK 3
a. Critical Path Analysis could be employed as a technique for programming a facilities
project
Critical path method is project management technique use as project modelling. It’s a
sequence of stage where project manager can figure out what less time is important for
completion of specific task within minimum amount of slack (Ko, 2017). In addition to this,
critical path method is based on mathematical calculation which utilise for scheduling project
activities. Moreover, it is sequential activities from starting to the end of project as well as
most of the project have single critical path or having more than one critical path is depended
on the flow logic utilise within project. There are several advantages which gained through
implementation of critical path within facilities project of commercial building. Explanation
of advantages are as follows :-
 Critical path method result in encouraging logical discipline within scheduling,
planning as well as project controlling.
 Moreover, it encourage detail and long range planning of project.
 Each and every individual who are involved in project have complete overview
related to project.
 For meeting desirable project completion date CPM enables economical planning
related to all operations.
1. The methods you could use to scope the project’s deliverables and associated tasks and the
linear relationship between them.
Lean management is the framework which use for projects deliverables as it is an
approach utilise for managing an organisation which support the concept related to
continuous improvement. In addition to this, lean management is long term approach to work
which achieve small as well as incremental modification within the procedure for enhancing
efficiency and quality (Bascoul, 2017). By implementation of lean management and critical
path method it become easy for an organisation to deliver facilities project is more effective

manner without facing any difficulties. Because CPM help in competing project and lean
management result in reducing mistakes or wastages from overall project in proper way.
2. The methods you could use to estimate the duration of individual tasks.
There are several methods which use for estimating the duration of individual task.
Some of them are explained below :-
 Delphi Technique: The Delphi techniques determine the activity duration by using the
group intelligence. The Delphi technique sending the responses back to the experts
for their review after gathering opinions from several experts. Its up to the expert that
they want to change the opinion after reviewing the responses. The third party can be
use to gather the opinion. To investigate differences of opinion and get to a consensus,
the process involve several rounds to investigate.
 Work Breakdown Structure: For a reliable duration estimate Certain activities might
be too large or complex (Shi and et. al., 2016). The activities is divided into many
tasks when any activity takes the 10 percent of the project schedule. The structure of
breaking down the work is very useful in building the responsibility. The activity will
become more manageable when these activities will divide in the tasks. By breaking
down the activity into tasks the estimate the duration of tasks more accurately.
3. Explain the meanings of “critical path” and “float time” and why these are significant to
programming the project schedule and resource plan.
Critical Path: It is the duration between starting and finish of the project and this
duration include all the tasks which will give us the project actual schedule. The critical path
of the project help the company to give priority to the task which require the great focus.
There are several importance of critical path in project schedule and resource planning
explanation of these are as follows :-
The organization makes the undertaking plan by relegating each errand to a particular
representative. Each assignment incorporates a deadline time that must be met all together for
the following undertaking to start (Wang, 2019). Every representative keeps up duty
regarding dealing with the errand doled out to him and guaranteeing that it is done by the
deadline time. The worker can enlist the help of others, in any case he is responsible.
Representatives who are appointed undertakings on the basic way face higher examination
because of the significance of these errands. Understanding the basic way of the undertaking
permits the organization to organize which assignments require a more noteworthy core
interest. Those undertakings falling along the basic way straightforwardly sway the capacity

of the organization to finish the task on schedule. Any postponement in these errands set back
the undertaking finish date. Undertakings not on the basic way might be deferred without
influencing the last fulfilment date of the venture. Therefore, basic way undertakings acquire
a higher need in the utilization of organization assets.
Float Time: The time taken between when a person fill and submit its cheques in the
bank and when the bank receive the information to transfer the fund from the account
(Edirisinghe, Kalutara and London, 2016). Float time is some cases called as slack, the
amount of time a network path, activity or project obstruct from the starting of the project
without change the finishing date.
b. Produce an example of a “Gantt Chart” to schedule the separate tasks of the facilities
project identified in Task 3a. Demonstrate how your Gantt chart assists project management
by the following:
Gantt Chart: The gantt chart is design by Henry Gantt, an American mechanical
engineer. Gantt chart give the graphical picture of the project schedule. The work of gantt
chart is to shows the start and finish dates of several elements of a project schedule, the
project includes resources, milestones, tasks, dependencies. the gantt chart is the mostly using
chart in the project management (Ghaffarianhoseini and et. al., 2017). In addition to this, it
can be said that with the assistance of Gantt Chart project of commercial building will be
done in effective manner without facing much difficulties. Residential construction required
152 days for completion of project. In relation of same Gantt Chart schedule are as follows :-
 Single family house – 152 days
 General condition – 21 days
 Site work – 3 days
 Excavate for foundation -3 days
 Form basement walls – 13 days
 Place concrete for foundation – 12 days
 Cure basement walls – 7 days
 Strip basement wall forms – 2 days
 Waterproof insulate basement walls – 2 days
 Perform foundation inspection – 1 days
 Backfill foundation – 2 days
 Framing – 22 days
 Dry in – 22 days

 Exterior finishing – 19 days
 Utility rough-inns and complete co – 21 days
 Interior finishes – 30 days
 Land scaping and Grounds work – 12 days
 Final acceptance – 8 days
1. Identifying the precedence and dependency between individual tasks.
The condition that is being regarded as crucial with respect to something else with
respect to their priority in terms of order, rank or importance is referred to as precedence.
While delivering services within organisation, it is crucial to identify the importance along
with relevance among them (Cavka, 2017). Dependency means the activities which are being
controlled by others. An instance can be taken to understand this aspect like when any project
is being carried out within organisation and waterfall model is used for project management
then it is obvious that stage one has to be completed for moving to next stage as without prior
outcome from first stage other cannot be carried out. Thus, this is clear that while carrying
out any project within organisation all the activities depends on each other for ensuring that
end product that is being attained is able to accomplish probable needs.
In addition to this, the priorities have to be identified on the basis of importance as
well as need. For example, firm is looking forward to expand their operations in other sectors
then their priority is identify the market means the initial step which has to be taken is market
analysis and as per the outcome attained from this, they can further carry out their operations
(Sierra-Aparicio, Ponz-Tienda and Romero-Cortés, 2019). It is important to understand the
ways in which tasks are associated along with priority like firm cannot directly start making
any product without understanding needs of customers as it may lead them to complete
failure. This illustrates that each task is either directly or indirectly dependent on each other.
2. The use of stage planning and “milestones”.
Use of Milestone: To mark specific points along a project timeline milestone is use as
a tool in project management. Milestones do not impact project duration at any instance.
Instead, to achieve success they focus on major progress points. Milestones is the most
visible indicators of project progress. The milestone ends of various project phases, mark
critical decision points and completion of major project tasks. Milestones are powerful
components in project management because it shows what further step in project plan and
main events.

Use of stage planning: The process of stage planning directly moves to the project
success and the stage planning gives us the choice of production system, preliminary project
location and size. These stages of planning decides the average requirement of the resources
and allow us to make the constant use of the resources. In the project management the stage
planning the is first and the main step of the management.
c. Compare and contrast the use of “resource smoothing” and “resource levelling” as
techniques to assist management of the project schedule and the resources plan.
Resource Levelling: The resource levelling use when the schedule or date of
completion is extended and there is limited resource. Resource levelling use when the
resource is use at a constant level. Resource levelling in some cases called as resource
constrain scheduling (RCS). If resource are not available the project completion date may
changes.
Resource Smoothing: The resource smoothing is use when the schedule date cannot
be extended and the only thing left is to optimised the resources. It may affect your critical
path so you must be careful to avoid any delay in activity. Time is the main constrain here.
Resource levelling Resource Smoothing
 Resource levelling aim is to adjust
starting as well as ending dates of
project with resource constraints
while balancing resources
availability and requirement.
 Resource levelling utilise in
resource-constrained scheduling.
 Through resource levelling critical
path of particular project will get
affected as well as length of the
same also enhance.
 The same can also applied to
resources within critical path.
 Free as well as slack may be utilise.
 Resource levelling will enhance
resources and may result in changing
project duration.
 Resource smoothing aim is to
accomplish resources usage through
avoiding peaks as well as valleys
within profile of resources usage.
 Moreover, it utilise within time-
constrained scheduling.
 Project critical path won’t get
modify.
 Resource smoothing will not
implemented in critical path.
 In this, both free and total float will
utilise.
 In addition to this, resource
smoothing may not be able to
improve each and every resources if
sufficient float is not available, but
will not able to change project

 In addition to this, risk may result in
changing critical path as well as
increase duration.
duration.
 In this, risk is related to losing
flexibility because of reduction
within slack. Hence, there will be
chances of enhancing number of
near critical activities.
Similarities Between Resource Levelling and Resource Smoothing
In resource levelling and resource smoothing the optimise resource is been utilise.
The resource smoothing is done after resource levelling. Resource levelling and resource
smoothing both are use in different situations. The resource levelling and resource
smoothing both use in scheduling the network analysis. In case when both Resource levelling
and resource smoothing are use the resources levelling is followed by resource smoothing.
You may use either of them or both of them. Resource smoothing helps ensure uniform
resource utilisation and resource levelling is used to balance the demand and supply of
resources.
d. Describe how you would use the project schedule (Task 3b above) to monitor, review and
report progress. Describe your communication plan for this purpose
Description Frequency Method Audience Owner
Name of the
communication
How often it
will happen
Communication
method
Who will be the
receiver in
communication
Who is
responsible
Project team
meeting
Daily Meeting Project team Project manager
Stakeholder
update
Monthly Email
Newsletters
Stakeholders Project manager
Board meeting Every two
weeks
Meeting Project board Project manager
Contribution to
department
newsletter
Quarterly Section of
newsletter
Wider
development
Project manager
to deliver to the
department
administration

e. Explain the use of “Earned Value Analysis” (EVA) as a technique to evaluate progress
against schedule and efficient expenditure of the project budget.
Earned Value Analysis (EVA) is an industry standard technique for estimating an
undertaking's advancement at some random point in time, gauging its fulfilment date and last
expense, and breaking down differences in the calendar and financial plan as the venture
continues. It contrasts the arranged measure of work and what has really been finished, to
decide whether the cost, calendar, and work achieved are advancing as per the arrangement.
As work is finished, it is considered "earned".
The method which assists project manager within measuring amount of work that is
actually carried out with respect to project beyond review of scheduled reports and cost
associated is referred to as earned value chain. This implies a systematic process that is
associated with finding out variance within projects by making comparison among work that
is being done as well as way in which it is being planned. Here, project baseline acts as
critical element as it act as reference point for all the related activity by furnishing
quantitative data for making decisions in this context. Earned value chain takes into
consideration threes major data sources which aids within making comparison with budgeted
value for scheduled work in comparison to earned value of physical work that is being
completed along with taking into consideration actual value of work that has been completed.
Basically, it leads to understand the difference between anticipated and received values
according to which decisions are being made. It also aids within scheduling of different task
related with project with reference to budget associated with that. This leads them to make
decisions in context of whether they need to carry out further activities as per scheduled plan
and budget or not by having analysis of entire expenditure that has been occurred. It
illustrates the performance of organisation with respect to measurement project performance
as well as progress within the objective manner.
f. Identify the potential problems that could occur for the project identified in Task 3a above
and specify their effects on the project plan and deliverables. Explain a process for making
and agreeing changes to the project plan.
There are several challenges which project manager will face while constructing
project explanation of these are as follows :-
 Lack of skilled workers - There is a major issue facing by construction industry:
insufficient gifted laborers to fill a developing interest. The more youthful age is

being pushed toward school, and not professional exchanges. The advantages of a
profession in development are not being offered to recent college grads, and quite a
bit of the present existing workforce is surrounding retirement.
 High insurance costs – During business contractor insurance is part but It doesn’t
mean that contractor will overpay for it.
 Available cash – Due to some issues available of cash me get affected and project
manager may issues related to the same.
By taking major steps in advance project manager will be able to overcome with the
issues they are facing in commercial building project.
g. What is meant by the term “scope creep”? What risk does this present to successful project
delivery?
It is also known as requirement creep or kitchen sink syndrome. It refers to the
increase in the project requirements over a project lifecycle.in project management, scope
creep mostly leads to the failure of the project especially when project manager is not
prepared or planned for it. It is typically caused when the key project stakeholders keep
changing their requirements or in case of any miscommunication and disagreement.
Sometimes it may result in over-budget, road blocks and project delays. Still it is not
necessarily a bad thing. Sometimes needs of the customers are changed over time, delivering
a project that fulfills all the needs of the customers often means altering the scope. Every
good project manager must always expect and plan for scope creep. When scope of the
project is not properly controlled, documented or defined scope creep occurs. Changes to
scope can be two types, either uncontrolled, resulting in scope creep, or controlled, resulting
in documented alteration to the project requirements. It is the risk in most projects. It often
results to cost overrun. It can also lead to wasting money and decreasing satisfaction. Scope
creep can be managed by creating clear schedule for the project, verifying the scope,
engaging all the team members, setting up change control process and documenting every
process.
Apart from this, there are several risks which presented in scope creep and these will
impact on the successful project delivery. Explanation of these are as follows :-
1. Communication gap between the parties (team members, sponsors, project manager
and stakeholders).
2. Absence of the initial product flexibility.

3. Weak character of executive sponsor and project manager.
4. Absence of proper initial identification of what is required for successful completion
of the project objectives.
5. Faulty change control.
6. When premature definition of scope is founded on inadequate information.
7. If frequent communication about the project is not received by the sponsor, the project
decisions are more likely to pass to the team and hence the core of activity moves
away to the team from the sponsor. The less interested sponsor, the more likely scope
creep can occur.
8. Defining and reviewing requirements are needed by the stakeholders. If they didn’t
dedicate enough time to the project, team members may fill the void and hence
increases the chance of scope creep.
9. Absence of clarity to the original document.
10. When customers try to get extra work in low cost.
11. When the team members do unauthorized work in the project.
TASK 4
a. Process for closing the facilities project and how to ensure all aspects are completed
satisfactory for hand-over to client
b. Evaluate the effectiveness of the project in delivering the required outcomes. Collect and
collate lessons learned for future projects.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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