Understanding and Leading Change in Organisations

This report discusses the impact of change on organisation's work, process and strategies. It describes the drivers of changes which influence organisational behaviour and leadership decision making. It also explains different leadership approaches to deal with change. Measures to minimise the negative impacts of change on organisational behaviours are also discussed.

Understanding and
Leading Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Comparison between different organisational examples where change affect organisation's
strategy and operations...........................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2. Manner in which internal and as well as external drivers of change will have an impact
leadership, team and individual behaviours...........................................................................3
P3. Measures that can be taken to minimise the negative impacts of change on organisational
behaviours...............................................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P4. Different barriers for change and impact of them on leadership decision making..........8
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P5. Different leadership approaches to deal with change in a range of organisation...........10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
In organisational context, change refers to the process of making innovation in existing
technologies, organisational structure, strategies, plans, polices and procedure. So that the firm
can fulfil the needs and demands of its customers and make growth and development in its
business. It manage the sections to prepares sections to satisfy the issues and problem that
manages with starting and executing variations (Ashley, 2015). It is important for the company
because if the company adopt favourable changes in its business then they can be helpful for the
development and improvement of the firm. The management consider in this report is Sainsbury.
It is one of the second largest supermarkets series in the United Kingdom. This business of
management was established by John James Sainsbury in the 1869 and headquartered in the
Holborn, London. This report will discussed about the impact of change on organisation's work,
process and strategies. Further will be described about the drivers of changes which influence
organisational behaviour and leadership decision making. Different leadership approaches will
also have been explained to deal with change.
TASK 1
P1. Comparison between different organisational examples where change affect organisation's
strategy and operations
Change indicates to the process of making improvement and modifications in the
organisation's strategies, plans, polices, technologies, departments, function and others so that the
firms can operate its business in efficient manner and attain their set organisational objectives.
Changes Sainsbury Walmart
Structural It occurred and generated due
to ineffective and
inappropriate method caused
to execute change related to
the structure of the
organisation in respective
firm.
It create recent changes on the
In Walmart, decision making
regarding taking appropriate
decision affect the result and
vantage this change in the
organisation (Blanchard,
2018).
It has enforced changes in the
administration structure of the
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structure of the operations of
the company in context of
making development and
improving effectiveness of
communication between the
human resource of the firm.
It help in modifying direct
communication with the
clients and assist in
minimising the issues from the
business (Carlson and
Patterson, 2015).
firm to modify the structure
and make improvement &
development in decision
making process so the decision
can be taken closer to
customers.
Technological Technology refers to the
application of scientific
knowledge which is used for
practical purposes. It can
create favourable impact on
the business of a firm in term
of making enhancement in its
productivity.
To get competitive advantages
from the market and compete
the competitors, the
management of Sainsbury can
accept several new
technologies.
This firm stimulated new RFD
altered barcode to modify the
procedure of numeration of
stocks.
Sainsbury can use BYOD
There are various changes are
occurred related to technology.
Walmart can also adopt these
kind of changes and make
expansion and growth in its
business.
These changes are also
beneficial because they help in
proving competitive benefits.
The administration of
respective firm can adopt
technological operating model
with the implementation of
industry agile method to make
improvement in the business
and customer base of the
company (Caton and Mistriner,
2016).
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integration application for the
workers to maintain the
records of stock level and
checking the availability of the
commodities in the stocks.
With the use of this
technology, the management
of respective firm can offer
training programs to the
employee of stock division
(Christopher, Mena and van
Hoek, 2018).
The administration of Walmart
develop the smartphone apps
and they permit the consumers
to make any order for online
shopping.
This firm make improvement
in the employees skills by
integrating technical
competencies in the workers.
TASK 2
P2. Manner in which internal and as well as external drivers of change will have an impact
leadership, team and individual behaviours
Organisational variations will termed to the process of making innovation in the process,
procedure, plans, structure etc. These kind of changes generate when a company make
modification in its recent state to some wanted future state. In Sainsbury, organisational change
occurred when the company adopt new technologies and strategies to run the business of the
company then it affect the structure, operations, activities and actions which are run by the firm.
Drivers of variations will have an impact on the leadership, team and individual behaviour. As
there are two type of drivers of changes, internal and as well as external which create their
impact on organisation.
Internal drivers of change- it indicates to those factors which create their impact initially within
a firm. In context of Walmart, these drives can be things, situations, events and others which
influence a company internally. These kind of drivers are under the control of the firm. The
major internal drivers are mentioned below which influence an organisation:
Organisational culture- It indicates to the beliefs, values and assumption of a company
which make contribution in the social atmosphere of the company and followed by the company
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to operate its business in ethical way. In Saiansbury, if the management of the firm adopt
technological and structural change then it enforced task culture (Doğru, 2015). It help in
allotting the work and job responsibilities according their skills and competencies so that they
can effectively make their contribution in organisation's growth. It can be beneficial for both
organisations Saisnbury and Walmart because it will help in maximizing the productivity and
profitability of both firm. Leadership decision making also affected by it because the decision
will taken by the leader to monitor the skills and abilities of team member reading assigning task.
Management Process- It indicates to the planning, managing, organising, controlling and
implementing the plans and polices for the effective running of the company (Fletcher and
Nicholas, 2017). Management of both respective firms crucial as it consist employees who are
affiliated in operative style with the operations in efficient way. If the company make change in
its management process in term of using new management style then it affect team and
individual in term of their administration and management of the resources which are required to
accomplish their allotted task. It also influence leadership decision making because the
management of respective firms taking decision according to the situations.
Competition- It is another internal driver of change which initially affect the business of a
firm. Globalisation has pointed the competition which highly influence organisations.
Technologies, innovations, new ideas and thoughts are major caroused of competition. All these
thing affect a company internally. For instant, respective firm make change in their promotional
technologies then it affect the business of the firm. It influence the decision making because the
management will take decision that which promotional technology they should use. It affect team
and individual behaviour because due to change they should also adopt information about new
technology to minimize the competition. For this they will take training and sessions to get
information about it.
External drivers of change- It mentioned to those factors and components which externally
affect the business of the company. It can be those kind of things, situations and conditions that
generated from outside of an organisation. To monitor the external drivers of change, the
company can use PEST analysis which is as following:
Political- It consist, government policies, political stability, tax policy and others. These
all things affect the business of a firm when the government make changes in its existing polices
and regulations (Grootenboer, Rönnerman and Edwards-Groves, 2017). For example, if the
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national authority make change in its trading polices then it affect the leadership decision making
because the leader will formulate new organisation's policies which help in trading the goods and
service of the company. It also affect team and individual behaviour because they will also do
they work and task as per new rules and for this firstly, they will get information about them. It is
also not easy to them to adopt new rules and working according them.
Economical- It refers to an close relationship among business and economic
environment. It include the changes in interest rate, inflation, deflation, taxation, currency rate
etc. In UK, the stability in the economy benefited the strong currency due to which Sainsbury
and Walmart faced issues and problems in their business (Harris, Jones and Huffman, 2017).
Cause of it, the customer of both organisations are dissatisfied with the amount which charged by
them to the firms. It influence the decision making, the leader will take decision regarding
communication and make improvement in the performance of team and individual.
Social- It consist values, culture, beliefs and change in taste and preferences of customers
which create impact on the business of a company. For example, change is taste & preferences of
needs and demands then it influence the leadership decision making. Because the person develop
plans and strategies through which the management of the company analyse consumers needs
and offer products according to them. Team and individual behaviour is also affected by it and
they also producing products according to the customers demands.
Technological- It is an important factor which is help in shaping the business operations
in a long term business. This aspect consider inventions, discoveries and new ideas or thoughts
for better techniques of converting the resources in to final products and commodities. For
example, if Saiansbury and Walmart make changes in their production process and use new
technologies and equipments in it to fulfilling the needs and demands of their customers. Then it
affect the decision making and the leader will take decision regarding this technology that it
helpful for future growth or not. It also affect team and individual behaviour because they will
also get information about them through training session.
P3. Measures that can be taken to minimise the negative impacts of change on organisational
behaviours
Burke Litwin Model: In this section it involves 12 factors and all are linked and have an impact
on each other. by the support of this framework, the director of Sainsbury will decrease the
negative effects that will furthermore get effects on functional actions (Burke Litwin Model,
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2019). By this factors decrease the negative the manner of the variations in the business that are
as follows -
Illustration 1: Burke Litwin Model, 2019.
External environment - In relation to the Sainsbury Plc, executives have to measure
external term of the factor like competitors, economy, consumer buying behaviour, politics,
legislation and so on. It supports in examining the direct or indirect effects of such components
on the managerial and decision making procedures of the executives and offers a path to navigate
the variations.
Mission and strategy - The top management level of Sainsbury Plc is needed to set
suitable mission or tactics in terms of particular tasks so that they will perform the roles as per to
it. It involves, mission or tactics that can be implemented as per to the position of the staff
faculty. It involves efficient tactics that will support the executives to face tough conditions and
decrease the negative effects. With no future tactics management will not capable to face the
issues and it will have an impact on the production of the business that will decrease the profit
margin. Hence, inefficient tactics or mission negatively effects on the variations in managerial
behaviour.
Leadership - It supports the staff faculty to encourage and to accomplish their
managerial targets or aims. Efficient leadership will decrease the negative effects at the time of
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executing variations in the management. At the time of executing efficient leadership style
executives that can decrease negative effects by enhancing individual performance in the
management.
Organizational culture – Each management have their own values and ethics and in
relation to the Sainsbury PLC executives will follows the situation that are presented or implied
rules, regulation and other organisational exercises. When workers meet their performance and
working situations than it will set their aim and individual to perform well and accomplish
managerial targets and aims. Hence, these variations will supports in suffering all sort of
situations that can negatively get affected the managerial functions. By it managerial culture will
supports in decreasing the negative effects by having variations on the managerial behaviour.
Structure - Sainsbury follows a hierarchical structure and it will offers it as per to the
conditions and roles of the staff faculty. It manages the section of the business structure that have
higher term of the responsibilities in comparison to the lower level of management individual.
As it is effective and simple structure that supports in sharing data and that decrease the negative
effects that can happen at the time of executing managerial variations.
System - In relation to the Sainsbury PLC, management utilise important data system that
supports in maintaining large term of consumer information that will be utilised in the future for
the decision making procedures.
System - In the relation to the Sainsbury plc, the management utilise effective data
system that supports in maintaining larger term of consumer data that will be utilised in the
future for decision making aims.
Management practice - It involves several activities of executives that supports in
encouraging workers and make them able to accomplish their managerial targets. It enhance
individual performance and as well as production of the performance. It also have change in the
managerial behaviours that can negatively effects but organisation exercises encourage and make
them able to enhance their performance. It furthermore supports in decreasing negative aspects.
Working climate - Work situation of management that will have an impact on the person
and on their performance. The friendly work situation will decrease the negative effects and
workers will feel satisfy with their work environment.
Tasks & skills - Sainsbury requires to recruit those workers who have suitable
capabilities as per to the job description. Due to which some times expert individuals also have
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to struggle to adapt new technologies or new performance environment. It have management that
require to offers training to increase the abilities in their workers that can increase the effects of
variations.
Individual values and needs - It is all about the executives and worker's thoughts in
terms of their work quality. As with it, individuals demand and expectation in terms of their
work will also get affected of the production. If the individual think about the part of the business
then the management will maintain their section to perform it as per to the manner that supports
in decreasing the negative effects.
Motivational level – Executives of the Sainsbury PLC will make sure that they
encourage each and every staff faculty to enhance their presentation and motivate them to
accomplish their managerial targets and aims. Variations in the management will demotivate
person as because they have fear of bad performance. So the motivation that supports in
decreasing negative effects in the management at the time of executing change in the managerial.
Individual and general performance - After examining and as well as global division
performance, it supports the managers to measure the needs of enhancement. It will be evaluated
on the needs of enhancement. It will be evaluated on the basis of productivity, consumer
satisfaction, quality, efficiency and so on. By utilising the above mentioned model, the managers
of the Sainsbury determines the measurement that negative effects. Hence, organisation
executing a tactics to decrease their effects and make them management able to complete their
tasks and accomplish their targets.
TASK 3
P4. Different barriers for change and impact of them on leadership decision making
Variations is an important factor within a company to determine the critical situation of
the organisation as it aids them to execute effective strategies to attain the organisational
objectives. To survive in to a competitive environment, the administration of the firm have to
adapt changes which help in surviving till long time period. There are some barriers which can
be faced by Sainsbury during the time of change related to technological and structural. They are
as following:
Ineffective communication- It is the major common barrier which generated during the
time of making change in the business of the company. It is an essential factor of growth and
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advancement. When technological and structural changes are occurred and generated in
Sainsbury, then it is important to the management of the firm that they should communicate to
the employees about them so that it did not affect decision making. It help in creating effective
working environment and the employees can attaining their set objectives.
Lack of staff involvement- It is an another barrier which can be generated due to change
in technology and structure of the company. In Sainsbury if the administration make change in
technology in order to fulfilling the needs and demands of customers then it is hard to adopt new
technologies to the employees and they do not show their involvement and it affect the
leadership of decision making (Lloyd, 2016). The reason behind it, they have a fear that they can
do their work appropriately with new technologies and attain the organisational objectives.
The respective company can use Force field analysis to monitor challenges and aids them
to utilize strategic decisions which enhance growth of the firm.
Force Field Analysis
This model can be use by the company to find out and monitor the factors that can bring
effective development in to organisation. It also aids functions of management to know about
needs of that components which assist in bringing change about actual impacts (Nagorny-
Koring, 2019).
Change force determination- In Siansbury, the management require to monitor threats
which implementing change in on going procedures. Due to it, the administrator can overcome
problems by formulating strategies.
Change component- According to it, the manager of respective company need to identify
the reason which is effective for the firm to convey change for future.
Score delegate- In it, administrator of Sainsbury require to allot grade too all
modification which is executed for accomplishing the aims and goals in efficacious way.
Force against change identification- The manager of Sainsbury has requirement of
several resources so that person can help in managing change and work in an appropriate
manner.
Measure and penalize- According to this, it can be observed that administrator of
Sainsbury can utilize and analyse different changes in to various manners with the help of
appropriate modifications within the firm. With this, they can take relevant and reliable decisions
to implement their ideas in the company.
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TASK 4
P5. Different leadership approaches to deal with change in a range of organisation
There are three major leadership approaches which can be used by the management of the
company which can be used by the manager of Sainsbury with the motive of effective decision
making. They are as following:
Autocratic leadership approach- In this, leader are the only person who are responsible
to take decision regarding any change and make decision (Weston, Ferris and Finkelstein,
2017). There are not any team member involve in decision making process. In context of
respective firm, leader take decision to provide training regarding technical change in the firm.
For this they will not ask to the employees.
Democratic leadership approach- It is another leadership approach, under which leader
and team member both are responsible to take decision regarding decision making process
(Ashley, 2015). In Sainsbury, both leader and staff people take decision regarding change and
taking decision in context of increasing profitability and enhancing productivity.
Laissez faire leadership approach- With in this leadership approach, decision making
power is in the hand of employees or team members. With in it, they do not require to
participation of leader because the individual provide them freedom of decision making. In
respective company, the employees of the company can use straegies and plans as per the
changes if the management follow it.
To adopt change, the management of Sainsbury can follow Kurt Lewin's change model
which us as following:
Kurt Lewin's Change Model
It is a model and framework which is developed by Kurt Lewin to monitor the change
which are occurred and generated within a firm. There are steps which are involved within it and
the description of them are as following:
Unfreezing- within this step, the administrator of Sainsbury can identified the changes
and take permission to the administration of the company to make relevant changes in the
organisation. For instant, the management of the company find need to make change in its
promotional technologies which are currently using by the firm and take permission to the
management to use new promotional channel in context of increasing sales and profit or
enhancing productivity.
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Changing- Within it, the administrator share their ideas with other people of the
company in order to minimize issues related to modification and change. After it, they can
design strategies to implement the plan in the business of the firm to attain the organisational
objectives.
Refreezing- In this step, the management of Sainsbury can create way by which they can
implement modifications with the motive of sustaining in the market till long time period
(Blanchard, 2018). For this, they can develop, formulate and conduct grooming programs so that
the employees can make improvement in this skills and gain benefits with change of
technologies and structure. With they can get information about new strategy of promotion and
how they can use in the business of a firm.
CONCLUSION
As per the above information it can be conclude that change is and important aspect to
run the business of a company. There are various kind of changes such as technological,
structural and others occurred in the operations and activities of the business of the firm. Internal
and external drivers of change create impact upon the leadership decision making, team and
individual behaviour in favourable and unfavourable way. To minimise the unfavourable impact
of these drivers, the company can use PDCA model of change. Force field analysis can be used
by the administration of the company to monitor the influence on decision making. Different
leadership approaches like participative, autocratic and democratic etc. can be used by it to deal
with change.
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PDCA Model of change management. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/PDCA-plan-do-check-act>.
Force Field Analysis. 2019. [Online]. Available Through: <https://www.change-management-
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