Understanding People & Organization

This document discusses various topics related to understanding people and organizations. It covers principles of scientific management, personality tests, behavioral and social learning theory, leadership factors, and effective change management in organizations. The document also explores the advantages, disadvantages, and risks associated with these concepts. It provides insights into how these concepts are applied in the context of the NHS hospital. The document is relevant for individuals studying organizational behavior, human resource management, and leadership.

UNDERSTANDING
PEOPLE &
ORGANIZATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Question 1:...................................................................................................................................3
Question 2:...................................................................................................................................4
Question 3:...................................................................................................................................6
Question 4:...................................................................................................................................7
Question 5:...................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

MAIN BODY
Question 1:
Question
No.
Question: Principles of scientific management used in the organization and
disadvantages of using this approach?
1 In the business operations of the NHS trust in the England they use different
types of scientific management principle to provide the better services to the
people. These principles are explained below:
1. Scientific selection, training and development of the employees: NHS
organize the programmes of selection and hiring the skilled and talented
employees in the business so that they work in solve the problem of the people
related to their health in the hospital (Amis, 2018). They applied this principle by
recruiting the new staff in the different units of department. The trust gives the
training and development so that they will improve their understanding and
knowledge and works to fulfil the needs and wants of the customer in the
hospital. The manager of the HR gives training to the employees of NHS so it
will improve the level of the performance and achieve the target of the trust.
2. Science not rule of thumb: As per this scientific principle in the workplace of
the NHS hospital the manager develop the new and effective techniques and
methods which makes the work easier and faster. The aim is to provide the best
services in low prices so that the people did not face any kind of problem in the
hospital.
3. Mental revolution: This principle refers to the making changes in the attitudes
and behaviour of the employees and management for better working (Bondarouk,
Bos-Nehles and Hesselink, 2016). They both have to work to achieve the
common goals and objectives of the business. The have to maintain the mutual
relation so that they will get the success and the growth of the organization from
their competitors.
Disadvantages:
There are lots disadvantages of using this principle in the working of the hospital
because in the process selection and recruitment of the new people is very time-

consuming and sometime the organization did not get the right employees at the
right place. The training and development principle requires large amount of
investment of the hospital. When the worker did not cooperate with the
development of the hospital then this principle did not work effectively. If the
workers did not maintain the mutual relation with each other than the objectives
to provides the effective services will not get achieved.
For management of the employees effectively in the workplace the NHS hospital
gives lots of benefits so that they work will improve and achieve the goals of the
business. To manage the working of the employees they appoint the new manager
of the HR so that the performance of the employees will improve they are
focused in their working. The staff of the NHS get the discount on the products
and services which they use for their personal use. To motivate and encourage the
workers there is also the awards of the long term services in the organization
(Campbell, 2018). These awards will motivates so that they did not leave the job
and works better for the achievement of the personal and organization goals.
Maintaining the good working environment in the hospital so the employees
mange their work effectively and efficiently. Resolution of the conflicts is also
the important thing which helps to improve the workings of the employees
become focused in their workings.
Question 2:
Question
No.
Question: Personality test of the employees in the organization and their
advantages and risk of doing so?
2 NHS hospital use the personality test which helps to identify the trait and
behaviour of the employees towards the working of the business. It will describe
the character of the employees related to the performance of the job. These test of
the personality makes the employees effective and more productive in their
working (Collins and Bobrow, eds., 2017). There is the development of the
person on the different roles of the job and effectively work with their teams
which helps to provide the good services to the customer of the hospital. There

are different types of personality which is used by the NHS in their working
environment of the employees which determine their strength and weaknesses.
These tests are described below:
1.Big five: it includes five factors which helps the employees so that they
understand about their personality in the workplace. These five factors are
openness, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism gives
the understanding if the person wanted to learn and it is easy to understand. With
the helps of these factors the organization get the knowledge that how their
employees will interact with their co-workers and how they will work to improve
the area and achieve the objectives of the hospital.
2. Occupational interest inventories: To put the workers in the right roles as per
their skills and understandings this is the best techniques used by the hospital.
This test will determine and measure the interest of the people in the different
roles and task of the business. Tests of occupational interest inventories is very
effective because it increases the retention of the employees and also determine
their roles in the business.
3.DISC behaviour inventory: It is very essential to understand style of working
behaviour of the employees at the time of effective building of teams in the
working environment. This test classifies the workers into four types of styles
which is based on the question of their behaviour in the working. It gives the
information about the people tendencies such as control, support, influence and
dominance.
Advantages of these tests: The NHS hospital uses the personality tests to
identify the strength and weakness of the employees so these test have lots of
advantages to the business of the organization like it will provide the information
about the candidate and decide to select the best employees at the perfect
position. These test will identify the interpersonal skills of the employees which
is needed for the hospital. From the employees could know that which situation is
the best in which they perform their business operations in the most appropriate
way. By understanding the situation in which the employees perform effectively
then it will gives the new and better ideas to solve the problem of the business.

Risk of personality test: Personality tests determine the characteristics of the
person in different situations so because of this the people become more complex,
and they are over categorized. The people feel they are under appreciated by the
manager when they are over categorize. There is the justification and
determination of the unhealthy approaches which will be misuses at some point.
People are recognizes in the wrong way sometime so this creates the risk in the
business. The manager of the NHS hospital while using the personality test
because if they are not careful then the wrong person will be selected at the worn
role and task.
Question 3:
Question
No.
Question: Behavioural and social learning theory used for the development of
staff in the new unit of HSDU. Discuss the different problem and barriers need to
overcome by the team of store development?
3 The theory of the behaviour and social learning is the effective process of
learning which determine that the new behaviour could be adopted by imitating
and observing other people. This theory states the learning of the people is from
the one another in the society with the help of observation, modelling and
imitation. With the helps of this social learning theory the trust determine the
behaviour of the employees on the basis of interaction of the continuous
reciprocal between the influences of the cognitive, environmental and
behavioural (RepresentationDekker, 2016). It focuses to bring the development
of the employees in the new department of HSDU by applying the theory of
social and behavioural learning. This department have 6 new operating theatres
so the worker have to develop their skills and talent to work accurately and leads
to the success and growth of the HSDU. By observing the other people they
could learn to provide the good services to the people in the hospital, so they will
satisfy with the hospital facility and suggest other people about the services. This
theory behaviour will change the behaviour of the employees towards the new
plans and policies of the new business which is started by the NHS. This theory

will bring the positive changes in the behaviour and attitudes of the employees
which will be fruitful for the achievement of the objectives.
Problems and barriers which is overcome by the organization: There are
various problems and barriers which is happened in the new department of
HSDU such as quality issues by using the dirty equipments of the surgical in the
operations. The employees will try to change the equipment with the new and
advanced technology so this will improve the quality gives the good image of the
HSDU in the minds of the people. Records of the maintenance are also not
adequate which creates the chances of the risk for the patient in the hospital and
because of this operating theatres is closed for 2 weeks. This problem will cancel
the elective surgery and there is increase in the complaints of patient. So for
solving this kind of problems in the workplace of the HSDU the manager will
maintain the proper records of the maintenance in their books and invest in
purchasing of the new operating theatres (Dekker, 2017). They monitor and
observe the working of the employees and maintain and manage the books in
which they record all the transactions that will leads to the success and growth in
the future. By using the theory of social and behavioural learning the manager of
HR organize the programmes of recruitment and selection. The process of
selection brings the skilled and talented employees in the which helps the other
employees of the HSDU and leads to the effective functioning of the hospital.
The manager identifies the various candidates which in need of the job to remove
the shortage of the employees in the working of the HSDU (Zhang and et.al.,
2019). By proper training and development of the employees are reduces the
problems and risk of the new hospital. Trained and skilled workers of the HSDU
will satisfy the patient by giving them better services.
Question 4:
Question
No.
Question: Different factors of leadership which is required for the effective
working of the teams in the department of accident and emergency.
4 In the department of the emergency and accident of the hospital different style of

the leader makes the better team of the hospital and reach to the success and
growth. The leader is the one who guides and have the ability to gives the correct
directions towards the successful completion of the task (Kim and et.al., 2017). It
is the way and process of the leader through which they maintain and manages
the patient and employees in the department of the emergency and accident.
Democratic leadership: The clinical leader of the Royal George hospital uses
the democratic style of leadership in which they involve the workers in the
process of decision-making. Involvement of the employees in the process of
decision-making gives the good and effective ideas related to the organization
achievement which requires low cost in the completion of the task. The clinical
manager ask the employees to give suggestion about what the next department
they used to make the effective after achieving the success of this department.
The employees that they are also important for the hospital by giving ideas and
suggestion to the clinical manager.
Transformational leadership: The leader spend lot time with the patient and
their employees to measure the operation on the daily basis. So they also uses the
transformational style of leadership in which the leader creates the effective
culture in the workplace by maintaining the effective communication in the teams
so that they manage the patient in the better ways (Hasanov and Beaumont,
2016). In the A&E department of the Royal George every teams includes doctors,
nurses, administrative staff and porters which is works as per the direction of the
manager.
Laissez-faire leadership: Sometime the leader also uses the laissez-faire
leadership in which they delegate the responsibilities to the members of the teams
without any interferences in their workings (Schalock, Verdugo and van Loon,
2018). This style of leadership gives the larger chances for the innovations and
flexibility in the workplace. According to this style of leadership the motivates
the individual and team so that they will work accurately work in the A&E
departments.
The manager should behave in such a manner that the members of the team get
motivates and works in the discipline which gives the proper results. The leader

of the team in the department of A&E must be effective communicator so this
will reduces the problems and risk (Link and Jeske, 2017).The leader should be
the decision maker which takes the decision for the development of the plans and
policies and solve the problems related to the patient. In the accident department
leader have to be the good coordinators so that the team works in the common
direction to handle the employees' problem effectively and efficiently. The leader
also have to be the good listener in which they listen properly to the ideas and
suggestion and implement them ion the working if they are effective. Clinical
manager of the A&E department will be the problem solver by treating the
patient in the most appropriate way of minor injuries. Achievement of the target
and for better results is the aim of the leader by improving the activities of the
employees and makes their performance better so that they will give the
treatment to the patient of the accident and emergency (Love, 2019). The leader
makes sure that their employees are working factly and accurate because the
patient of the accident and emergency needs faster services for better recovery.
These kinds of qualities are needed which helps to make the good leader in any
kinds of task.
Question 5:
Question
No.
Question: In the department of medical records how effectively changes are
managed? What are the factors used by the hospital to improve the approach at
the time of implementing the change?
5 In the department of medical records there are various changes in the process
which helps to reduce the cost of the hospital. The hospital implements those
changes which helps to improve their working condition and also improve the
performance of the employees. By keeping records of all the department of the
hospital this department will maintain the good environment of the working.
They design the changes with the new moves which includes preparation of
medical records for clinics, setting of the new clinics on the system of the
computers, solving the queries of the patient on the telephones so these changes

will make the employees more specialize and expert in their working. There is
the improvement in the skills and knowledge of the workers which gives the best
results of the tasks and projects (Hashimoto, 2018). The changes will helps to
improve the consistency of the services which is provided to the patient. Detailed
plan and procedure will cover the essential information about the patient on the
computer systems. The employees become more skilled because they get training
on the new system of the computer and telephones. The activities of the workers
are in control because the leader controls and gives direction to their employees.
In the department of record management (Rao and Choudhury, 2017). By
designing the new process it helps to identify the missing records of the hospital.
These changes are effectively managed in the hospital which increases the morale
of the employees in their working. Effective condition of the working in the
hospital leads to the success and growth of the hospital in the future. There is
need to monitor the activities of the teams which improve the level of the
performance by changing the plan and policies of the hospital in the maintaining
the record of the hospital.
There are various factors which improves the different approaches when the
changes are implementing in the business like they built the library of
administration and record which keeps maintain all the transaction and record. In
different department there is need to redesign the jobs which will improve the
condition of the working. By introducing the new technology in the department
for the fast and correct records of the departments. New technology will give the
detailed procedure which. To reduce the difficulties and problems of missing
records of the department there is need to bring changes by using the new and
advanced technology in the hospital (Amis, 2018). To solve the conflicts between
the workers they maintain the effective relation with the workers which will gives
the good environment. Innovation is also the another factors which is used by the
hospital in implementing the changes because innovation is the one which leads
to the success and growth of the hospital in the future. Proper training and
development of the worker will helps to reduce the risk and problems of the
hospital related to the loss of patient records. Investing in the new computers in

which keeps the records of the staff and patient safe and secure and does not
create difficulty for the hospital.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
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Tushman. Journal of Change Management. 18(1). pp.23-34.
Bondarouk, T., Bos-Nehles, A. and Hesselink, X., 2016. Understanding the congruence of HRM
frames in a healthcare organization. Baltic journal of management. 11(1). pp.2-20.
Campbell, D., 2018. The socially constructed organization. Routledge.
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cognitive science. Elsevier.
Dekker, S., 2016. Drift into failure: From hunting broken components to understanding complex
systems. CRC Press.
Dekker, S., 2017. The field guide to understanding'human error'. CRC press.
Hasanov, M. and Beaumont, J., 2016. The value of collective intentionality for understanding
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case of hotel organization in Japan. Journal of Global Tourism Research. 3(2).
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People-Centered Organization. Asian Journal of Management. 8(4). pp.1247-1256.
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Zhang, T and et.al., 2019. Exploring the roles of technology, people, and organization in
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