Understanding Physical Health Conditions

Understanding Physical Health Conditions INTRODUCTION 1 MAIN BODY1 Demonstrate an understanding of angina 1 Discuss the main medical interventions used in the treatment of angina 5 CONCLUSION 8 REFERENCES 9 9 INTRODUCTION Physical health condition refers to a chronic situation of an individual which can be consider as health problem including several kinds of communicable or non – communicable diseases. It include to make various kinds of health issues which impacts on physical condition of a person and usually known as sings or symptoms of specific disease (Hamilton

Understanding Physical
Health Conditions

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Demonstrate an understanding of angina...............................................................................1
Discuss the main medical interventions used in the treatment of angina...............................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
.........................................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Physical health condition refers to a chronic situation of an individual which can be
consider as health problem including several kinds of communicable or non – communicable
diseases. It include to make various kinds of health issues which impacts on physical condition
of a person and usually known as sings or symptoms of specific disease (Hamilton-Westa and et.
al., 2018). The present report is based on given case study about Mr. Fred having age of 75 years
and he has been recently diagnosed with cardio vascular disease which has cause him to have
episodes of angina. This assignment will focus on major acute and chronic physical illness along
with cause & symptoms with understanding of angina. It will also include description about main
medical interventions used in the treatment of angina.
MAIN BODY
Demonstrate an understanding of angina
Angina describes the chest pain, discomfort ache or other connected symptom which
occurred when blood flow to heart muscle cells in not enough to meet desired energy levels. It
include classic description of angina that it is a kind of crushing, pain, and pressure that radiates
symptoms across chest, few times down the arm, into neck, jaw or teeth and back. There are
various kinds of of symptoms of angina which are evaluated including chest pain, squeezing,
burning, ache in arms, nausea, fatigue, shortness, sweating and dizziness. At the other hand, it is
also analyse that angina can be classified into three categories such as stable, unstable and
Prinzmetal's (variant). In given scenario, Mr. Fred has been diagnosed with cardio vascular
disease which has caused him to have episodes of angina recently.
Classification of Angina
Stable or chronic angina – This condition can be observed while heart is working harder
that normal for instance or during exercise (Oh and Cho, 2015). It occurs for short period of time
around for 5 minutes or less than that. Moreover, it is not much harmful and easily get disappears
very soon by taking rest or use desired medication.
Unstable angina – The unstable angina refers to an emergency situation as it does not
follow regular pattern and it is strong indication of occurring heart attack in future within a short
duration of time i.e. hours or weeks. However, it involves occurs even at rest, unexpected and
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may become more critical for around 30 minutes or longer period of time. At the other hand, it
requires strong medication including therapies or surgical procedures to solve properly.
Variant and microvascular angina – This kind of angina mostly occur when an
individual is resting and usually create much severe condition of patient. It may or may not be
relived by providing an effective as well as efficient treatment of angina (Leung and et. al.,
2016).
Angina is caused due to narrow blood vessels which create problem in desired amount of
supply of oxygen to cells. It is also known as angina pectoris which usually describes about signs
of squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness or pain in chest of an individual. However, it include
several facts relevant angina i.e. it is not a disease itself but symptom of heart problem and
attacks are occurred due to decreased oxygen in blood reaching the heart. Moreover, it also
involves several signs like tightness & difficulty in taking breathe and medications may differ as
per different lifestyle of patients. According to case of Fred, he has habit of smoking and extra
eating which plays an important to role for treating his cardio vascular disease in proper manner.
He is required to avoid habit of smoking and extra eating along with putting efforts to maintain
his body weight to reduce issues angina due to cardiovascular disease. In addition to this, due to
facing episodes of angina due to presence of cardio vascular disease which was diagnosed
recently by specialist.
Pathophysiology of Angina – This involves about connection angina with obstruction of
at least a single major artery. It also includes that lack of completing actual needs of oxygen
which is normally extract from coronary circulation in order fulfil the regular demands of the
same. Meanwhile, increased demand is also analysed due to which flow of arteries are required
to be improved properly. Moreover, a severe condition is occur which is known as ischaemia due
to blockage in coronary artery and flow is not able to improved which may results into necrosis
or myocardial infarction (Al-Maweri and Zimmer, 2015). In case of Fred, his medical situation
about cardiovascular disease can be diagnosed by several methods including Electrocardiogram
(EKG), stress test, chest X-ray, coronary angiography and blood tests. It is required that he
should take appropriate treatment of cardio vascular disease and change his habit of taking 30
cigarettes in a day in order to avoid further complications or angina.
Causes – There are several causes of angina can be consider physical exertion, exposure
to cold, eating heavy meal, stress and many more. These overall causes have their own medical
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reasons such as increasing myocardial oxygen demand, vasoconstriction & elevated blood
pressure die improved oxygen requirements, mesenteric area of digestion, release of
catecholamines due to increased blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial workload. In case of
Fred, episodes of angina are observed which is severe chest pain as he was recently diagnosed
with cardio vascular disease which may become more complicated due to his lifestyle of excess
eating or smoking.
Treatment for Angina – There are different types of treatment or diagnosing procedures
available in medical science but they can be applied as per actual symptoms of different patients.
Moreover, it can consider Angioplasty & stenting, effective medications like aspirin, nitrates,
Beat blockers, Statins, Calcium channel blockers, Ranolazine (Ranexa), Angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Furthermore, it also involves Enhanced external counter pulsation
therapy (EECP) therapy and several changes in lifestyle to reduce severe impacts on health
(Trinanda, Setijadi and Priyana, 2015). According to case of Mr Fred, he had advised to change
his lifestyle by focussing on various factors such as smoking, poor diet, high cholesterol, lack of
physical activity, excess weight, underlying situations and stress. Moreover, he is required to
avoid habit of smoke and drink along with adopting healthy eating which helps to reduce weight
& other health problems like angina.
Angina is considered as a severe chest pain which is occurred due to reduced blood flow
to the heart muscles. It's doesn't indicate the life end but it shows that life could be at risk
because of this heart issue. There are several habits of daily life which should be avoided by Mr
Fred to get rid of cardio vascular disease and gain healthy life are explained further –
Smoking – It is already being warned on the packets of cigarette that to avoid it. It is
injurious for health. So, doctors always warned to their patients to stay away of it. It causes
severe lung problems and heart issues so that specialist of Mr. Fred is advised to change his
lifestyle as he prefers to around 30 cigarettes in a day which is not good for health and make his
condition more complicated.
Poor diet – It is been prescribed by the doctor and dietician many times to have proper
meal with a limited amounts of saturated fats, trans fat, and salt. Although variety of fruits and
vegetables, whole grains, lean meats and low fat dairy products should be taken in case of avoid
any disease even it angina. As per case scenario, Mr. Fred loves his food and like to eat fries or
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many other food items without ensuring their negative impacts on health which results into
increase on his weight.
High cholesterol - It is essential in now a days to have regular check-up of cholesterol
because when it increases creates, problem. This is why it should be balanced. Several of things
will be advised by doctors to apply in their daily life life ,like morning exercise , healthy and non
oily food etc. Mr. Fred has high cholesterol because of his love for food due to which he prefers
excess eating and it will results into severe heart problems in future.
Lack of physical activity – Physical exercise plays a vital role in anyone's life because
when a body can consume variety of diets and will not balanced it then it will create problem
inside the heart of a human body (Kil and Shin, 2014). So , it is very important to have a
balanced diet and have a proper physical exercise to run the body function appropriate. It can be
done by simply walking in morning or evening. Innovation of technology into our day to day life
keeps our work easy but in the same time they making us lazy and this why people generally
avoid to do the task which requires manpower and prefer to do the job by the help of technology
and machines. However, Mr. Fred like to eating food items rich in fats so that it is necessary for
him to conduct physical exercise to burn acquired calories in respect of maintaining body weight
because excess body fat is responsible for cardio vascular diseases.
Excess weight – Excess weight creates many serious problem and heart problem are one
of that. Heart is one of the main part of human body, through which a body works. But due to
excessive weight heart compress and start working slowly which is one of the reason of
problems. People should start doing exercise and yoga's whatever that will be possible for them
to do. And can feel the difference (Zainal And et. al., 2016). Mr. Fred has an overweight
condition which is responsible for generating various diseases relevant to heart and other
diseases and these can be reduced by adopting habit of regular exercise.
Underlying conditions – Increased problem is the main reason of alteration risk in
angina which will be as diabetes, high blood pressure and high blood pressure and high blood
cholesterol. In case of Mr. Fred, he is presently suffering from cardio vascular disease but it may
possible for him to acquire other problems also like diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure if he
will not adopt healthy habits in his lifestyle.
Stress – Now, this is very common issue of now a days. Every one has a reason to
disappoint. Not one is satisfied enough to bring the smile on face. And this cause many problem
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which people have no idea. Some times they suffered from mental issues and sometimes it cause
heart issues. Both are dangerous problem which might be the reason of death. So, it should be
avoided and people should try to move on with positive thoughts and process. Meanwhile, Mr.
Fred should not take stress in his life because it may cause complication in his present cardio
vascular diseases.
Discuss the main medical interventions used in the treatment of angina
The medical professionals are required to thoroughly investigate about various factors
causing health problems before initiating treatment procedure. It is necessary to conduct an
appropriate check up of an individual to evaluate several components. However, it includes
location of pain, features of ache, medical history, pain scale, onset & cause of pain, measures
that relieve ache and all another signs occurred with pain. As per case study, Mr Fred has been
diagnosed for cardio vascular disease recently and his GP advised him to make several changes
in his lifestyle with taking proper medications to solve the problem in accurate way. In order to
provide treatment of angina, several interventions are required to be fulfilled in given case by
establishing more effective as well as efficient plan of action to achieve desired outcomes
(Vettriselvan and Ruben, 2018).
The nursing interventions for patient with angina pectoris can consider several factors
such as treating angina, reducing anxiety, preventing pain and decreasing oxygen demand. At the
other hand, it involves certain main objectives including immediate treatment, prevention of
angina, reducing anxiety, awareness about disease process, adherence to self care program and
absence of complications. The nursing plan with interventions and its rationale which can be
followed for treating problem of Mr, Fred to solve his health problems in proper manner is given
below –
Interventions Rationale
Provide instructions patients in respect of
immediately give notice to nurse while feeling
pain.
The reduced cardiac input or ache may regulate
sympathetic nervous system to release extra
amount of norepinephrine for improving
platelet aggregation along with extraction of
thromboxane A2. This efficient vasoconstrictor
cause artery spasm responsible for
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precipitation, complexity or prolong an anginal
attack and intolerable ache may results into
vasovagal response, reducing B.P and heart
rate (Blackett, George and Wilson, 2018).
Thoroughly check symptoms and response to
patient and record them for providing further
medication appropriately.
It will help to gain actual information about
situation of disease and facilitate to know
about effectiveness of treatment along with
indicating need for change in therapeutic
regimen.
Determine several events of precipitation such
as frequency, duration, intensity and location
of pain.
It is supportive to differentiate symptoms to
evaluate specific disease in order to prevent
progression to unstable angina.
Analyse connected signs or symptoms which
can include dyspnea, nausea and vomiting,
dizziness, palpitations, desire to micturate.
Reduce cardiac outcomes in order to stimulate
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous
system which can cause several types of vague
sensations due to which an individual is not
able to determine as relevant to anginal
episode.
Conduct check of several parts of body to
evaluate reports of pain in jaw, neck, shoulder,
arm or hand (generally observed in left side).
This involves that pain is usually describes to
more superficial site which are released by
similar spinal chord nerve level as the cardiac
ache is radiate.
Provide instruction to patients for taking
complete rest at the time of suffering from
anginal episodes.
It will provide help to decrease myocardial
oxygen demand to minimize risk of injuries in
tissues.
Provide facility including elevate head of bed
in case if patient is suffering problem of short
of breathe.
Render help to encourage gaseous exchange in
respect of reducing hypoxia and resultant
shortness of breath.
Always remember to monitor heart rate and The people having problem of unstable angina
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rhythm on regular basis. are observed to bear increased risk of acute life
threatening dysrhythmias which happen in
response to ischaemic modifications or stress.
Required to monitor certain vital symptoms of
patient by checking them in every 5 minutes at
the time of initial anginal attack.
It is observed that usually blood pressure may
increase in initial time due to the reason of
sympathetic simulation and then fall in case of
cardiac outcome is compromised. In addition
to this, tachycardia also develops on response
to sympathetic regulation as a compensatory
effect if cardiac outputs falls.
Patient should be remain under observation for
24 hours who is experiencing pain or appears
anxious.
The anxiety extracts catecholamines which is
responsible for increasing myocardial
workload and can escalate or prolong
ischaemic pain and it is analysed that presence
of medical professional will help to decrease
feelings of fear as well as helplessness.
Policies of maintaining quite and comfortable
environment along with reducing visitors
should be implemented.
It is essential for reducing mental and
emotional stress which is responsible for
myocardial workload.
Give patients light meals and instruct them to
take at least 1 hour rest after eating (Lang,
2014).
Reduce myocardial work load which are
relevant to work of digestion, decreasing risk
factors that can cause anginal attack to an
individual.
Provide supplemented oxygen to patient as per
indications of senior professional so that
proper amount of oxygen can be supplied in
desired cells of body.
It include the criteria of boosting up oxygen
available for myocardial uptake and reversal of
ischaemia.
Antianginal medications
Nitroglycerin – sublingual (Nitrostat), buccal It is helpful treating anginal pain for more than
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or oral tablets, metered dose spray. 100 years and use in antianginal therapy.
Sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) This medicine has rapid vasodilator impacts
within 10 to 30 minutes and useful to prevent
and abort anginal attacks.
Sustained- release tablets, caplets – It involve
Nitrong, Isordil, Nitro Cap T.P. Sorbitrate and
transmucosal ointment like Nitro-Dur &
Transderm-Nitro.
Helpful to decrease coronary vasospasms and
reduce cardiac work load. Moreover, Isordil
can be consider as much effective for people
with variant form of angina along with
decreasing criticality of attack by producing
regular vasolidation.
Beta- blockers :- It include basically
acebutolol (Sectral), atenolol (Teronin),
nadolol (Corgard), Metoprolol (Lopressor) and
propanolol (Inderal).
Decrease issue of angina with the help of
reducing work load of heart and these drugs are
sufficient alone to solve this problem in less
critical situations.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarise that angina can be consider as severe chest
pain which is occurred due to reduced blood flow. It involves various causes and symptoms such
as physical exertion, exposure to cold, eating heavy meal, stress and so on. Moreover, it include
various kinds of angina including stable or chronic, unstable and variant which requires different
medications as per present severity of patient. However, there are several treatments which can
be utilised by medical professionals are Angioplasty & stenting, effective medications like
aspirin, nitrates, Beat blockers, Statins, Calcium channel blockers, Ranolazine (Ranexa),
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors etc. Additionally, it includes several factors of
lifestyle which are required to change in given case are smoking, poor diet, high cholesterol, lack
of physical activity and excess weight to avoid cardio vascular disease.
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REFERENCES
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work in health care. 54(2). pp.83-100.
Leung, S. K. S. and et. al., 2016. 4 Relationship between physical/psychological predictors and
self-rated health among older people in Hong Kong. Diverse Perspectives on Aging in a
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disabilities attending special schools Yemen. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry.
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Trinanda, C., Setijadi, P. A. and Priyana, Y., 2015, December. Development of SHESOP website
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tailored health-promoting information. U.S. Patent 8,655,675.
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Online
What is Angina. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/heart-disease-angina#1>
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