Influence of Cultural Diversity on Workplace Conflict: A Study on Apple Inc.

This research project explores the influence of cultural diversity on workplace conflict, focusing on Apple Inc. It aims to understand the impact of cultural diversity, analyze the main issues caused by conflict, identify the advantages of reducing conflict, and explore practices of cultural diversity that help in reducing workplace conflict.

Research Project

TITLE
“Equality and diversity in the workplace”
INTRODUCTION
Equality is ensuring persons and group of persons are not treated differentially and less
favourably, according to their particular protected characteristics such as areas of race, disability,
gender, belief, sexual orientation, age or religion (Hillson and Murray-Webster, 2017). Diversity
purposes to recognise value and respect employee’s differences to contribute and also realise
their full potential by encouraging an inclusive and effective culture for entire staff. Therefore,
within a workplace, equality and diversity plays important role in improving employees as well
as an organisational performance. For this report, Apple is a chosen American multinational
technology organisation. It was founded by Steve Jobs in 1976 and it headquartered in Apple
Park Way, Cupertino, California, U.S.
Research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis, supported by a literature
review
Overview of the research:
Cultural diversity introduces as a quality of diverse culture, as opposed to monoculture,
international monoculture and homogenization of cultures. Culture diversity also introduce to
having diverse or different cultures with respect of each other's differences. Diversity within
workplace is significant for workers because it manifests itself in making an effective reputation
for company, leading to enhanced probability and chances for employees. Conflict is an active
disagreement between workforce with opposing opinion or principles. Cultural conflict
introduces as a kind of conflict that occurs when different cultural beliefs and values clash.
Cultural conflicts develop because of differences in norms and values of employees from
different cultures (Johnson, 2019). Along with this, conflict is a major issue that occurs due to
cultural diversity. This issue has unfavourable impact over business performance as well as
growth of Apple. Company faced this kind of issue at their workplace because of having
different employees whose belongs with diverse background and culture.
According to the Armstrong, M (2009), Human resource management (HRM) is a com-
prehensile as well as coherent approach to the employment and development of people. Human
resource management can be regarded as an effective philosophy regarding how employee
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should be managed or controlled, which is underpinned with a number of theories relating to the
behaviour of people and organizations. Main role of human resource manger is to recruit
knowledgeable people who have understanding about the business. They also develop policies
related with equality and diversity that helps them in retention of employees for longer time.
As per the opinion of Stredwick, J. (2005), human resource management is the process of
recruiting and selecting talented and diverse workforce who have understanding about the
business.
According to the Torrington, L. Hall and S. Taylor (2017), Today's HR shouldn't simply
enhance the worker experience, it needs to be built around it. Human Resources and Learning
Services from Conduent can help you pass past coverage and transactions to empower your
personnel and power transformation throughout your complete employer.
Statement of the problem:
Workplace Conflict is a major issue that occurs at workplace due to cultural diversity.
There are different negative effects of conflict such as decreased productivity, disruptions,
turnover, absenteeism, termination and project failure. These are major effects that negatively
impacted business performance of Apple. Conflict may also maximise employee anxiety, reduce
job satisfaction and effect relationship. As an output, workplace conflict negatively impacts
individual as well as team performance, and reduce the team productivity (Kulik, 2014). These
are major issues faced by Apple Inc. while having diverse workforce at their workplace. In order
to overcome this issue, company must be develop cultural diversity practice. As it helps them to
maintain workplace conflict and improve their performance effectively.
Aim:
Main aim of this research is “To identify the influence of cultural diversity practice over
reducing the workplace conflict. A study on Apple Inc.
Research objectives :
 To understand the influence of cultural diversity at workplace.
 To analyse main issues that occurs at workplace due to conflict.
 To identify different advantages that can be accomplished by Apple Inc. with the
reduction of conflict. To articulate different practices of cultural diversity that is benefiting in reducing the
workplace conflict.
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Research Questions:
 What is the influence of cultural diversity at workplace?
 What are the main issues that occurs at workplace due to workplace conflict?
 What are the different advantages that can be accomplished by Apple Inc. with the
reduction of workplace conflict? How different practices of cultural diversity helps Apple Inc. in reducing workplace
conflict?
Reasons or rationale for choosing this research project
There are certain rationale for selecting this topic or research. The first rationale behind
selecting this research is its larger scope in professional as well as personal manner. Also, it is
more easier for them to collect data on current topic linked with this is available at internet.
Personal reason or rationale for selecting this topic in investigator's perspective is mainly
associated with the improvement of their skills and knowledge. This research will allow
investigator to enhance their analytical, literature review, communication, data collection and
many other skills which is mainly associated with this investigation (Kulkarni and Gopakumar,
2014). This will support investigator to conduct future research in effective manner.
3

Literature Review
This is a main part of research project which helps researcher to identify in-depth
information about the study. Main purpose of literature review is to gain a deep knowningness or
knowledge of the existing investigation and debates which is relevant to a specific research topic.
Literature review also helps researcher to analyse opinion of authors about research aim and
objectives.
The influence of cultural diversity at workplace.
As per the views presented by Amaded, 2019, Cultural diversity at workplace can be
observed in different including race, language, nationality, age, sexual harassment, religion,
socio-economic status and so on. It has been later seen that an organisation are needed to
emphasis on managing cultural diversity in effective and appropriate way so that they
accomplish each activities without any sort of barrier or conflict at workplace.
On the other hand, Kulik, 2014, cultural diversity is also beneficial in reducing these
issues appropriately. The impacts of cultural diversity within a workplace can be both positive
and negative. Some unfavourable effects include dysfunctional lost productivity, conflicts and
issue to attain harmony in team settings. Favourable effects include a strong knowledge and
understanding base developed by a variety of cultural experiences and a greater tendency to
enlarge the business in foreign cultures.
The main issues that occurs at workplace due to workplace conflict.
According to the Miranda Brookins, 2019, there are different issues or problems that
occur at workplace due to conflict. This issue includes, decrease in productivity, employee
turnover impacts, conflict escalation and violence, psychological Problem, mental health
concerns and so on. These are major issues that have negative impact over business performance
of Apple Inc. Some issues of workplace conflict will be explained in detailed as below:
Decrease in productivity: When an enterprise spends more of its time dealing with
workplace conflict, workforce take time away from emphasising on the main goals or objectives
they are tasked with accomplishing. This issue causes employees to emphasis less on the activity
at hand much more on communicating regarding conflict and venting regarding frustrations.
High employee turnover: Members of an organisation who are progressively frustrated
with the conflict within company may decide to leave current organisation. As it is a major issue
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of conflict which has direct impact over business performance and success of an organisation as
well as workers also (Kundu and Mor, 2017).
The different advantages that can be accomplished by Apple Inc. with the reduction of
workplace conflict.
On the basis of thoughts represented by Kundu and Mor, 2017. it has been seen that an
organisation who focuses on reducing workplace conflict are gaining range of advantages that is
beneficial for them in accomplishing their organisational goals and objectives in quicker. There
are some common advantages that could be gain by Apple Inc. such as improvement in
employee’s performance, maximise in employee participation, reduction in employee turnover,
Better achievement of organisational task or activities etc. All of this advantage will
collaboratively assist an organisation in gaining competitive benefits and attaining success.
As per the view presented by, Kundu and Mor, (2017), there are many other advantages
or benefits gained by Apple Inc. with the reduction of conflict at workplace. Building of strong
relationship, leads to goal achievement, enhancement of commitment, generates new insights etc.
are main benefits. As all these are consider major advantages which are achieved by Apple Inc.
by reducing workplace conflict.
Different practices of cultural diversity helps Apple Inc. in reducing workplace conflict.
According to the (Holmes, 2016), it can be said that different number of the organisation
operates its business at global marketplace and now they emphasising on exploring different
ways via which they can easily reduce conflict. There are some main practices that are helpful
and essential in reducing this conflict includes providing conflict resolution training for both
men and women at workplace, help staff develop positive work relationships, provide
communication skills training, develop strong communication channels, providing equal
opportunities to all employees, providing flexible working and so on. These are main practices
of cultural diversity which helps Apple Inc. to reduce conflict at workplace and gain better
results within given time duration.
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Appropriate research methods and conduct primary and secondary research.
According to the FLICK, U. (2011), research methodology is a process of collecting and
analysing qualitative and quantitative information about the specific field of study. There are
various techniques and approaches that will going to be applied by researcher in the current
study in order to create it more authenticate and valuable (Wiek and Lang, 2016). In order to
conducting primary and secondary research, different methods will go to be opted by
investigator.
As per the view of (GRAY, 2009), Stands in its field because the benchmark survey of
concept and practice for the aspiring researcher, complete and slicing aspect in same measure' -
International Journal of Social Research Methodology. Practically cantered throughout, Doing
Research in the Real World encourages the reader to increase a focus of the actual nature of
studies, and the approach by which facts can be collected, tested and interpreted.
Some useful techniques and methods will be explained below in systematic and effective
manner (SAUNDERS and et. al., 2012). Research onion framework will be used by researcher
for completing research methodology. This framework includes different layers that will be
explained as below:
Data collection: For collection detailed and accurate data, researcher using both such as
secondary and primary from of data collection method. As a main medium in primary method,
questionnaire will be chosen by researcher. As it helps researcher to collect information in
detailed and valid manner (Quinlan and et. al., 2019). However, in secondary method of data
collection, published material, journals, online articles, books and magazines will taken in
preference.
Research methods: There are two methods of research which are known as qualitative
and quantitative. within an investigation quantitative data will be applied because it was
collected via structured questionnaires filled in by researcher.
Research Philosophy: There are two types of research philosophy which are positivism
and interpretivisim. In the current study, investigator will give preference to positivism
philosophy in order to consider entire aspects associated with the selected research topic i.e.“To
identify the influence of cultural diversity practice over reducing the workplace conflict. A study
on Apple Inc. Along with this, positivism research philosophy is a part of quantitative data
collection which will be done by using questionnaire (Riedl, Davis and Hevner, 2014).
6

However, interpretivisim is another philosophy which is not helps researcher while collection of
reliable and detailed data.
Research approach: According to the (COSTLEY and et. al.,. 2010), research approach
refers to the set of procedures that helps investigator in collecting as well as analysing of
information. In is another method for doing primary and secondary research is effective manner.
Inductive and deductive are two types of research approach which assist investigator to conduct
both primary and secondary study effectively. In this investigation, inductive approach of
research will go to be used by researcher. In which data will be presented in graphical form
(Scotland, 2012). This approach also support in achieving valid research outcome. On the other
side, deductive research approach is not valuable because it take more resources of business or
researcher.
Research design: This is another methodology which helps investigator to execute
primary as well as secondary reserach effectively. There are basically three types of research
design which are exploratory, experimental and descriptive. Among entire kind of research
design, researcher will going to use exploratory research design. It is beneficial research design
according to the current investigation because it support researcher in collecting detailed data in
appropriate way (Silverman, 2016). As compare to descriptive and experimental research design,
exploratory design contributes more in exploring entire aspects of topic that is effective in
acquiring valid result.
Sampling techniques: Sampling is important part for doing primary research is effective
manner. In this method, researcher sample size is require for identifying opinion of respondents
about the current investigation. Along with this, this section of methodology has two type of
sampling are called probability and non-probability. In order to choose respondents without any
bias activity simple random sampling as a type of probability sampling will be going to opt by
researcher. With the use of this 60 employees will be chosen whom researcher will collect
maximum possible data from this (Tuohy and et. al., 2013). On the other side, non-probability
sampling is not appropriate for conducting primary research according to the current study
because it is very cost and time effective sampling.
Research reliability and Validity: This is another significant section of research
methodology as it assist researcher to test validity and reliability of research by using an
7

appropriate method. Questionnaire introduces as an effective method of test which will be opt by
investigator for analysing validity and reliability of an investigation.
Research instruments: There are various instruments for gathered information in primary
and secondary way, it includes, case study, interview, questionnaire, focus group and many
others. These are effective instruments but for conducting research over current topic,
questionnaire will be applied by researcher. Main reason for selecting this method as it helps in
collection of detailed and reliable information about this study (Walliman, 2017).
Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods
Primary and secondary are consider two types of research and for conducting these study
appropriate methods will be needed by researcher (Kumar, 2019). Cost, access and research
ethics are main methods which will be going to used by investigator for doing each activity of
primary and secondary research. This method will be described as below:
Cost: This is a necessary and important method that will be used in order to conducting
primary and secondary study. Within primary and secondary research, cost is useful sources or
method as it support in collection of reliable and in-depth information from questionnaire,
magazines, books, articles, journals etc. Thus, in order to adopt these sources, accurate amount of
capital will be require by investigator (Mackenzie, Tan, Hoverman and Baldwin, 2012).
Access: For conduction of primary and secondary research, investigator has proper access
to prepare questionnaire and ask questions to the participants. Researcher also has access or
opportunity to use different sources of secondary data collection including, magazines, journals,
books, publication research, articles etc. Along with this, they also has access to record data or
information in computer system for long time (Mackey and Gass, 2015).
Research ethics: This gives guidelines or road map for researcher to conduct primary and
secondary research. There are some general ethical principles which must be followed by
researcher while performing of primary and secondary research (Miller and et. al., 2012). It
includes, objectivity, honesty, integrity, respect for intellectual property, openness, carefulness,
confidentiality, responsible mentoring, respect for colleagues, responsible publication, non-
discrimination, legality, social responsibility, human subject’s protection etc. With the help of
these ethics, researcher becomes more able to complete activities of primary and secondary
research in ethical manner.
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Appropriate analytical tools to analyse research findings and data.
Analytical tool refers to the effective technique which is used by researcher for analysis
data about the cultural diversity. Thematic analysis introduces as an analytical tool which is
applied for analysing information regarding the cultural diversity in systematic way. Under this
tool, different number of themes will be created over each questions. Along with this, frequency
table and themes on each table will be a more essential part in analysation of research findings
and data (McCusker and Gunaydin, 2015).
Questionnaire
Q1) Are you aware regarding the cultural diversity at workplace of Apple Inc. Frequency
a) Yes 50
b) No 10
Q2) According to you, in which manner cultural diversity influence at
workplace of Apple Inc.?
Frequency
a) Positive 45
b) Negative 15
Q3) What are the main causes for workplace conflict in Apple Inc.? Frequency
a) Poor communication 20
b) Misunderstanding 15
c) Frustration, stress and burnout 25
Q4) What are the main issues that occurs at workplace due to workplace
conflict?
Frequency
a) High employee Turnover 25
b) Decrease in productivity 20
c) Work disruptions 15
Q5) According to you, high turnover is main issue of workplace conflict? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 20
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Q6) What is the best way for promoting cultural diversity at workplace? Frequency
a) Offer Implicit Bias Training 25
b) Acknowledge Differences 15
c) Encourage Personal Evaluation 20
Q7) What are the different advantages that can be accomplished by Apple Inc.
with the reduction of workplace conflict?
Frequency
a) Improvement in employees performance 20
b) Increment in employee participation 20
c) Reduction in employee turnover 20
Q8) Does cultural diversity management help an organisation in reduction of
workplace conflict?
Frequency
a) Yes 50
b) No 10
Q9) What is the best practice of cultural diversity that helps Apple Inc. in
reduction of workplace conflict?
Frequency
a) Conflict resolution training 15
b) Offering of communication skills training 12
c) Option of flexible working 16
d) Development of strong communication channels 17
Q1) Are you aware regarding the cultural diversity at workplace of Apple Inc.? Frequency
a) Yes 50
b) No 10
10

a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
50
10
Frequency
Q2) According to you, in which manner cultural diversity influence at
workplace of Apple Inc.?
Frequency
a) Positive 45
b) Negative 15
11

a) Positive b) Negative
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
45
15
Frequency
Q3) What are the main causes for workplace conflict in Apple Inc.? Frequency
a) Poor communication 20
b) Misunderstanding 15
c) Frustration, stress and burnout 25
12

a) Poor communication
b) Misunderstanding
c) Frustration, stress and burnout
0
5
10
15
20
25
20
15
25
Frequency
Q4) What are the main issues that occurs at workplace due to workplace
conflict?
Frequency
a) High employee Turnover 25
b) Decrease in productivity 20
c) Work disruptions 15
13

a) High employee Turnover
b) Decrease in productivity
c) Work disruptions
0
5
10
15
20
25
25
20
15
Frequency
Q5) According to you, high turnover is main issue of workplace conflict? Frequency
a) Yes 40
b) No 20
14

a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
40
20
Frequency
Q6) What is the best way for promoting cultural diversity at workplace? Frequency
a) Offer Implicit Bias Training 25
b) Acknowledge Differences 15
c) Encourage Personal Evaluation 20
15

a) Offer Implicit Bias Training
b) Acknowledge Differences
c) Encourage Personal Evaluation
0
5
10
15
20
25
25
15
20
Frequency
Q7) What are the different advantages that can be accomplished by Apple Inc.
with the reduction of workplace conflict?
Frequency
a) Improvement in employees performance 20
b) Increment in employee participation 20
c) Reduction in employee turnover 20
16

0
4
8
12
16
20
20 20 20
Frequency
Q8) Does cultural diversity management help an organisation in reduction of
workplace conflict?
Frequency
a) Yes 50
b) No 10
17

a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
50
10
Frequency
Q9) What is the best practices of cultural diversity that helps Apple Inc. in
reduction of workplace conflict?
Frequency
a) Conflict resolution training 15
b) Offering of communication skills training 12
c) Option of flexible working 16
d) Development of strong communication channels 17
18

0
4
8
12
16
15
12
16 17
Frequency
Communicate research outcomes for the intended audience.
Research outcomes of the study is based on the questionnaire. It is a part of primary data
collection which helps researcher to gather researcher outcomes from the intended audience or
selected respondents (McCusker and Gunaydin, 2015). This part of the research is based on
frequency table and thematic analysis as it help investigator to accomplish research outcomes or
results for the intended audience. Along with this, themes and interpretation of findings will be
determined as below:
Theme 1: Awareness regarding the cultural diversity at workplace of Apple Inc.
Interpretation: This table has been introduced awareness about the cultural diversity at
workplace of Apple Inc. Most of the respondents are aware regarding the phenomena of cultural
diversity within an organisation. They also have idea a cultural diversity positively impact over
business performance by increasing creativity and innovation. 10 out of 60 respondents not have
any knowledge regarding the cultural diversity and its significance on business and employees
performance.
Theme 2: Cultural diversity influence at workplace of Apple Inc.
Interpretation: It has been interpreted positive and negative effects of cultural diversity
in the workplace of Apple Inc. 45 out of 60 respondents said as cultural diversity positively
19

influenced on business by reducing high employee turnover, improving brand image and
providing many other benefits. On the other hand, 15 respondents have view as cultural diversity
negatively influenced on company by increasing conflict or misunderstanding among workers.
As it further lead to decrease productivity and performance of Apple Inc.
Theme 3: Main causes for workplace conflict in Apple Inc.
Interpretation: Above data has been concluded main causes for workplace conflict in Apple Inc.
20 out of 60 respondents said poor communication is major cause of workplace conflict that
unfavourably impact on employees as well as an organisational performance. 15 respondents
have opinion as misunderstanding is major cause that create conflict among workers of an
enterprise. Remaining 25 respondents have idea as frustration, stress and burnout is main cause
of conflict that occur due to cultural diversity and have direct or negative influence on business
success.
Theme 4: Main issues that occurs at workplace due to workplace conflict
Interpretation: Above graph has been interpreted main issues that occurs at workplace
due to workplace conflict. 25 out of 60 respondents have opinion as high employee turnover is
major issue of workplace conflict. As it impact over growth and performance of an organisation
in negative manner. 20 out of 60 participants have view as conflict at workplace decrease
productivity of employees as well as an organisation also. Remaining 15 employees have opinion
as work disruption is one of the main problem of workplace conflict which negatively effects on
employees productivity and performance which further lead to decrease business performance of
Apple Inc.
Theme 5: High turnover is main issue of workplace conflict
Interpretation: According to this graph, majority of respondents said as high turnover is
main issue of workplace conflict. As it impact on company by reducing its productivity and
profitability. Rest of 20 participants not had any opinion regarding the same. Therefore,
workplace conflict is one of the main issue that have negative and direct impact on employees as
well as organisational productivity.
Theme 6: Best way for promoting cultural diversity at workplace
Interpretation: This table has been interpreted best way for promoting cultural diversity
at workplace. 25 out of 60 respondents have opinion as Apple Inc. must offer implicit bias
20

training as it will help them in reduction of workplace conflict and achievement of better
outcomes in set time. 15 out of 60 respondents have view as company must acknowledge
differences which will also support them to retain workers for long time as well as gain better
results. Renaming 20 respondents said as organisation must encourage personal evaluation which
support employees by increasing their knowledge about the business process, product,
environment and services. As it further help divers employees to maintain strong and long lasting
relationship with organisation.
Theme 7: Different advantages that can be accomplished by Apple Inc. with the reduction of
workplace conflict
Interpretation: It has been concluded different advantages that can be accomplished by
Apple Inc. with the reduction of workplace conflict. In this, respondents have to given equal
view for advantages that gained by company. It includes enhancement of employees
performance, increment in employee participation and reduction in employee turnover. These are
main benefits or advantages that is gained by Apple Inc. while they manage issue of workplace
diversity such as conflict. As it will further help company by maximising its brand image in
marketplace and in customer's mind also.
Theme 8: Cultural diversity management is beneficial for an organisation in
reduction of workplace conflict
Interpretation: It has been determined significance of cultural diversity management for
an enterprise in reduction of workplace conflict. 50 out of 60 respondents said yes as cultural
diversity management is an essential process which helps an organisation to manage divers
workforce and retain them for long time. It will further support business by maximising its
performance as well as productivity easily. Remaining 10 participants said no as cultural
diversity management not support an organisation in reduction of conflict. As it create
misunderstanding and confusion among workers which will lead to impact over growth of
company.
Theme 9: Best practices of cultural diversity that helps Apple Inc. in reduction of workplace
conflict
Interpretation: It has been determined best practices of cultural diversity that helps
Apple Inc. in reduction of workplace conflict. 15 out of 60 participants had view as Conflict
resolution training is consider best way that must be used by Apple Inc. As it will help them to
21

manage diversity at workplace and attain long term goals. 12 employees of Apple Inc. have
opinion as offering of communication skills training will also support enterprise to manage
conflict at workplace and achieve better outputs. 16 respondents have view as option of flexible
working hour is effective practice for Apple Inc. because through which they can retain workers
for long time and also maintain within strong relationship. 17 out of 60 participants said as
development of strong communication channel is more essential and useful practice for company
to reduce conflict among workers and retain them for long duration.
Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods
I am happy for getting a chance over doing research on an interesting topic i.e. “To
identify the influence of cultural diversity practice over reducing the workplace conflict. A study
on Apple Inc. It is a main aim of this research and for accomplishing it different methods and
techniques was used by me. For gathering primary information, I used questionnaire and
prepared some useful questions for analysing response from respondents side. In order to gather
secondary data about the cultural diversity, I followed different sources such as magazines,
books, articles, journals etc. These are main sources of data collection which helped me when I
need data in from of qualitative and quantitative. Along with this, for analysing information
regarding selected research area, I applied thematic analysis and prepared various themes on
each questions.
By doing this study, I become more capable to enhnace my review of literature skill, data
collection, time management, data analysis and many other skills relevant to the research. These
skills are beneficial for me when collection and analysation of primary and secondary data about
the topic. Apart from this, I faced certain issues while doing for quantitative research including,
unethical behaviour of respondents, lack of money, insufficient time, lack of resources etc. These
are major risks that have direct impact on investigator while completion of primary and
secondary research in accurate manner. In order to manage such type of risks, I taken an
effective action such as using time management tool i.e. Gantt chart, following all activities of
study in ethical manner, utilise better resources etc. These actions helped me by reducing impact
of time, resources, capital and unethical behaviour of respondents.
Consider alternative research methodologies and lessons learnt in view of the outcomes.
Within an investigation, questionnaire as a method of quantitative research have been
used by investigator. If researcher acquires another opportunity for performing research on
22

another topic, they will be going to used Interview as a method of qualitative research. By using
this method, researcher can easily collect information in systematic manner (Saunders et al.,
2012). There are different advantages of using interview as an alternative research methodology
such as flexible, in-depth analysis, explore cause behind the problem, increasing knowledge, less
costly, time-saving, sufficient information, collection of primary data, selection of suitable
candidate, development of relationship etc. These are main advantages gained by researcher if
they used interview as an alternative research methodology.
According to the above mentioned results outcomes, learner increase their awareness
about the cultural diversity and its importance in reduction of workplace conflict. Along with
this, learner view as majority of participants has idea regarding the cultural diversity. They also
observed as cultural diversity within a workplace is more essential for an organisation. This
helps an enterprise by reducing employee turnover, increasing creativity and innovation etc.
Alternative Research methodology:
Interview refers as an alternative research methodology that could be use by researcher if
they get another chance for research over sample topic. This method will helps in collecting of
qualitative data. For his alternative method researcher require to make some close-ended
questions that support in identification of opinion and view of respondents. In this method,
respondents are free in giving of their opinion about the topic.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
It can be concluded from the above findings that cultural diversity within a workplace of
an organisation. Most of the population are aware about the cultural diversity and its significance
on organisation as well as workers’ output. Frustration, stress and burnout are considering major
cause for workplace conflict as it impacted on productively level of employees. Along with this,
there are various issues or problems of workplace conflict including high employee turnover,
work disruptions and decrease in productivity. Among these issues, high employee turnover is a
biggest problem that negatively impact on an organisation and its market image also. Apart from
this, different benefits or advantages also gained by company while they manage workplace
conflict. It includes reduction in employee turnover, increment in employee participation and
improvement in employee performance. These are major advantages received by company using
taking support from cultural diversity management. Thus, cultural diversity management is more
23

essential and beneficial for company to minimise high employee turnover issue that occur due to
conflict.
Recommendation
From the given stated information, it can be recommended as cultural diversity is
positively and negatively impact on organisational as well as employee’s performance. High
employee turnover, work disruptions and decrease in productivity are consider main problems
that happen at workplace due to workplace diversity. In order to overcome these issues, some
recommendations will be given to Apple Inc. which are shown as below:
 Company must encourage personal evaluation which helps them to evaluate employees
performance and retain them for longer period.
 Apple Inc. must provide conflict resolution exercises to their diverse workforce as it
support them in reduction of conflict or misunderstanding among workforce. It will
further assist an organisation in improvement of its performance.
 Apple Inc. must also give option of flexible working to their divers and other employees.
As it support organisation by retaining employees for long time and also assist to increase
customers base. As trained and happy workforce will be able to deal with customer's
complainants and provide better services which lead to support business by increasing its
sales.
 Development of strong communication channel is another and effective way that must be
adopted by Apple Inc. As thus way assist them to reduce issue of conflict among workers
and achieve better outcomes easily.
24

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Kulkarni, M. and Gopakumar, K. V., 2014. Career management strategies of people with
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Kundu, S. C. and Mor, A., 2017. Workforce diversity and organizational performance: a study of
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epistemology to the methodology and methods of the scientific, interpretive, and critical
research paradigms. English language teaching. 5(9). pp.9-16.
Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage.
Tuohy, D. and et.al., 2013. An overview of interpretive phenomenology as a research
methodology. Nurse researcher. 20(6).
Walliman, N., 2017. Research methods: The basics. Routledge.
Wiek, A. and Lang, D. J., 2016. Transformational sustainability research methodology.
In Sustainability science (pp. 31-41). Springer, Dordrecht.
Kumar, R., 2019. Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage Publications
Limited.
Mackenzie, J., Tan, P. L., Hoverman, S. and Baldwin, C., 2012. The value and limitations of
participatory action research methodology. Journal of hydrology. 474. pp.11-21.
Mackey, A. and Gass, S. M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design.
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methods and choice based on the research. Perfusion. 30(7). pp.537-542.
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GRAY, D. (2009) Doing Research in the Real World. 2nd Ed. London: SAGE.
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SAUNDERS, M., LEWIS, P. and THORNHILL, A. (2012) Research methods for Business
Students. 6th Ed. Harlow: Pearson. (Now the eighth edition is available, and I have
given you the E Copy at the classroom).
Armstrong, M (2009). HANDBOOK OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE,
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Pearson – (Seventh edition could be downloadable free from the Google) – We have
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to the VLE)
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<https://www.thebalance.com/cultural-diversity-3306201>.
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Through: <https://www.thebalance.com/cultural-diversity-3306201>.
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Appendix
Questionnaire
Q1) Are you aware regarding the cultural diversity at workplace of Apple Inc.
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) According to you, in which manner cultural diversity influence at workplace of Apple Inc.?
a) Positive
b) Negative
Q3) What are the main causes for workplace conflict in Apple Inc.
a) Poor communication
b) Misunderstanding
c) Frustration, stress and burnout
Q4) What are the main issues that occurs at workplace due to workplace conflict?
a) High employee Turnover
b) Decrease in productivity
c) Work disruptions
Q5) According to you, high turnover is main issue of workplace conflict?
a) Yes
b) No
Q6) What is the best way for promoting cultural diversity at workplace?
a) Offer Implicit Bias Training
b) Acknowledge Differences
c) Encourage Personal Evaluation
Q7) What are the different advantages that can be accomplished by Apple Inc. with the
reduction of workplace conflict?
a) Improvement in employees performance
b) Increment in employee participation
c) Reduction in employee turnover
Q8) Does cultural diversity management help an organisation in reduction of workplace
conflict?
27

a) Yes
b) No
Q9) What is the best practices of cultural diversity that helps Apple Inc. in reduction of
workplace conflict?
a) Conflict resolution training
b) Offering of communication skills training
c) Option of flexible working
d) Development of strong communication channels
Q10) Provide any recommendation to Apple Inc. in management of cultural diversity at
workplace.
Research approval and ethical form
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