Gender Equality in Leadership and Management: A Research on Marks and Spencer
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AI Summary
This research project focuses on the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behavior of employees at workplace, with a case study on Marks and Spencer. It aims to evaluate the need and importance of gender equality and determine ways to ensure better management of gender equality in leadership.
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Unit 11 - Research
Project
Executive Summary
The current research project is based on the topic of Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management. A research work on Marks and Spencer whcih laed better information about need
Project
Executive Summary
The current research project is based on the topic of Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management. A research work on Marks and Spencer whcih laed better information about need
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and importnce if Geder equlaity at workplace. Furthers, current reserch work incudes a
decsription about the set obectuves thrugh literautre revwi along with evalution of reserch
methodolgues to conduct curret investigation. Furthers, a primary resercah is also conducted for
whcih data is collected with the help if questionnarie.
decsription about the set obectuves thrugh literautre revwi along with evalution of reserch
methodolgues to conduct curret investigation. Furthers, a primary resercah is also conducted for
whcih data is collected with the help if questionnarie.
Table of Contents
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Research Topic: Gender Equality in Leadership and Management. A research
work on Marks and Spencer
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background to the study
Gender equality is basically associated with leading access to same rewards, resources and
opportunities irrespective of gender that consist of providing equal pay for work of equal or
comparable value along with equality in all other aspects of Work (Flynn, Haynes and Kilgour,
2017). Thus, gender equality is a vital aspect at workplace to lead motivation and better job
satisfaction in employees to enhance their performance and efficiency. Therefore, the current
research work is conducted on Marks and Spencer that is famous retailer of UK in order to
evaluate about the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and
behaviour of employees at workplace.
Research aim and objectives
Research aim
The main aim associated with undertaking of current research project is, “To evaluate
about the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and
behaviour of employees at workplace. An investigation conducted on Marks & Spencer
FENCHURCH STREET, London and England.
Research Objectives
The main objectives behind conducting current investigation on Marks and Spencer are
stated as follows:
To get deep insight into the phenomena of managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management along with its need and importance.
To evaluate about the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on
attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer.
To determine the possible ways through which better management of Gender Equality
Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer.
1
work on Marks and Spencer
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background to the study
Gender equality is basically associated with leading access to same rewards, resources and
opportunities irrespective of gender that consist of providing equal pay for work of equal or
comparable value along with equality in all other aspects of Work (Flynn, Haynes and Kilgour,
2017). Thus, gender equality is a vital aspect at workplace to lead motivation and better job
satisfaction in employees to enhance their performance and efficiency. Therefore, the current
research work is conducted on Marks and Spencer that is famous retailer of UK in order to
evaluate about the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and
behaviour of employees at workplace.
Research aim and objectives
Research aim
The main aim associated with undertaking of current research project is, “To evaluate
about the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and
behaviour of employees at workplace. An investigation conducted on Marks & Spencer
FENCHURCH STREET, London and England.
Research Objectives
The main objectives behind conducting current investigation on Marks and Spencer are
stated as follows:
To get deep insight into the phenomena of managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management along with its need and importance.
To evaluate about the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on
attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer.
To determine the possible ways through which better management of Gender Equality
Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer.
1
Rationale for the research
The selection of current investigation topic is rationale as it lead to better information
about the crucial aspects of gender equality that is vital for all organisation to have higher
motivation and performance level. Thus, this research work is rationale from view point of an
organisation and meets professional aspects of investigator. Furthers, it also fulfils the academic
and educational criteria of researcher thus, meet personal objectives along with leading better
managerial skills.
Research questions
What is meant by the phenomena of managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management along with its need and importance?
What impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and
behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer?
What are the possible ways through which better management of Gender Equality
Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer?
Chapter 2: Literature review
A formation of a specific review or making the detailed assessment of any article as to
related within the research topic. It is scrutinize through many sources like scholarly paper,
newspaper some online articles or web page of any books or document which comprise the
present scenario of facts and findings along with to investigate the knowledge to contribution to
a particular topic (Klein, 2016). As the literature review is preparing is to evaluate the impact of
gender equality in leadership and management regarding attitude and behaviour of employee at
their workplace by considering the organisation within the Marks and Spencer’s company,
London.
To get deep insight into the phenomena of managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management
As on the opinion of the Olivia Kyriakidou, 2011. The description about the gender equality
is to manage within the proper systematic approach to organized and operate by the manager of
the organization as well as it helps to brings the equality opportunity to every one as per the
performance it evaluated of an individuals competencies. Leadership and management are plays
and important role in it to prescribed the work and environment is proper having a positive
2
The selection of current investigation topic is rationale as it lead to better information
about the crucial aspects of gender equality that is vital for all organisation to have higher
motivation and performance level. Thus, this research work is rationale from view point of an
organisation and meets professional aspects of investigator. Furthers, it also fulfils the academic
and educational criteria of researcher thus, meet personal objectives along with leading better
managerial skills.
Research questions
What is meant by the phenomena of managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management along with its need and importance?
What impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and
behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer?
What are the possible ways through which better management of Gender Equality
Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer?
Chapter 2: Literature review
A formation of a specific review or making the detailed assessment of any article as to
related within the research topic. It is scrutinize through many sources like scholarly paper,
newspaper some online articles or web page of any books or document which comprise the
present scenario of facts and findings along with to investigate the knowledge to contribution to
a particular topic (Klein, 2016). As the literature review is preparing is to evaluate the impact of
gender equality in leadership and management regarding attitude and behaviour of employee at
their workplace by considering the organisation within the Marks and Spencer’s company,
London.
To get deep insight into the phenomena of managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management
As on the opinion of the Olivia Kyriakidou, 2011. The description about the gender equality
is to manage within the proper systematic approach to organized and operate by the manager of
the organization as well as it helps to brings the equality opportunity to every one as per the
performance it evaluated of an individuals competencies. Leadership and management are plays
and important role in it to prescribed the work and environment is proper having a positive
2
platform where employees can generates the favorable outcomes, existing times there happens to
not facilitating the opportunity to perform at workplace to women as well as those employees
who are under performed on that scenario as they get gains the job dissatisfaction and they quite
from eth job duties with this discrimination can create the business environment. The importance
and essential of proper leadership and management is optimized the systematic approached that
allows to the identifying the lacking part where organization disturbs as per their working
compliances are not proper regulated (Madsen and Scribner, 2017).
As per the perspective of Marks and Spencer’s company is the United Kingdom Based
company where it involves the better outsources of gender equality where they driven the better
working condition and provides the optimized of positive tea work in which employees get
satisfied by gaining equal opportunity, as the company having the effective source of leadership
and management where they scrutinized the weakness and work on that by providing the
optimum training and instruction to way process to deliver the job in a optimum way of process
(Ortenblad, Marling and Vasiljevic, 2017).
Need and importance of gender equality in Leadership and Management
As per the view point of Nicolson, P., 2015, gender equality is highly needed and important
for an orgnisation as it leads to creation of more positive workplace environment through
keeping a check on cases of sexual harassment at place of work. Further, Gender equality is
necessary and important at workplace to stop discrimination and act of violence and mall-
treatment towards women and providing equal and fair chances of job opportunity. Apart from
this implication of gender equality is also vital and important to boost morale and confidence
level of all employees through leading a positive and discrimination free work environment
where all candidates are treated Fairley and equally. Gender equality is simply important and
vital for economies to ensure that both genders i.e. male and females have an access to the same
and equal level of opportunities within organisation on the basis of their skills and capabilities.
Thus, Gender equality in management and leadership is about the same behaviours along with
same valued, respect, acknowledged and equal treatment at place of work regardless of their
gender which lead a more productive and effective workplace environment.
To Interpret about the impact of the gender equality in Leadership and management on
behavior and attitude of employees at workplace in Marks and Spencer’s company.
3
not facilitating the opportunity to perform at workplace to women as well as those employees
who are under performed on that scenario as they get gains the job dissatisfaction and they quite
from eth job duties with this discrimination can create the business environment. The importance
and essential of proper leadership and management is optimized the systematic approached that
allows to the identifying the lacking part where organization disturbs as per their working
compliances are not proper regulated (Madsen and Scribner, 2017).
As per the perspective of Marks and Spencer’s company is the United Kingdom Based
company where it involves the better outsources of gender equality where they driven the better
working condition and provides the optimized of positive tea work in which employees get
satisfied by gaining equal opportunity, as the company having the effective source of leadership
and management where they scrutinized the weakness and work on that by providing the
optimum training and instruction to way process to deliver the job in a optimum way of process
(Ortenblad, Marling and Vasiljevic, 2017).
Need and importance of gender equality in Leadership and Management
As per the view point of Nicolson, P., 2015, gender equality is highly needed and important
for an orgnisation as it leads to creation of more positive workplace environment through
keeping a check on cases of sexual harassment at place of work. Further, Gender equality is
necessary and important at workplace to stop discrimination and act of violence and mall-
treatment towards women and providing equal and fair chances of job opportunity. Apart from
this implication of gender equality is also vital and important to boost morale and confidence
level of all employees through leading a positive and discrimination free work environment
where all candidates are treated Fairley and equally. Gender equality is simply important and
vital for economies to ensure that both genders i.e. male and females have an access to the same
and equal level of opportunities within organisation on the basis of their skills and capabilities.
Thus, Gender equality in management and leadership is about the same behaviours along with
same valued, respect, acknowledged and equal treatment at place of work regardless of their
gender which lead a more productive and effective workplace environment.
To Interpret about the impact of the gender equality in Leadership and management on
behavior and attitude of employees at workplace in Marks and Spencer’s company.
3
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According to the perception of the Louise Petty, 2016. There is a stimulus of gender equality
within the supports of leadership and management as on the employees behavior and attitude that
they involve more and more actively participants in business activities, better team coordination
to working with other peers for making the task productive, As it most important to provides the
equal opportunity in premises where they perform and contributes the efficiency of work that
will enhanced the positive outcomes. Through the systematic approach of mapping the attributes
of individual which is related to the resembles workplaces, regardless, of weather in organization
having one, two or hundred employees are working there should be effective equality and
diversity in division of work as well as in decision making also, the agenda of this process is to
makes assurance that every employees get equal opportunity and fair judgment on the basis of
their performances (Nicolson, 2015).
Within the context of the Marks and Spencer’s company their leadership and management
are very effective and efficient enough as they get customized with their traits and skills of
workforce and information shared within them to how to having better positive factor to deliver
the exceptional performances. The equality upbringing the golden opportunities and provides the
neutral outcomes without any errors while the diversity having a advantages which helps to
develop the business in terms of infrastructure, training to new employees, generating the
external source of opportunities to existing employees where they can promote their skills and
knowledge as well as their creativity, visions in the market, to attain or accomplish to pitch the
idea to more and more consumers it will increasing the productivity specification (Mendez and
Busenbark, 2015).
By making determining about the possible outcomes which allows the better management of
gender equality which ensured in Marks and Spencer’s.
On the behalf of the Somen Mandel, 2020. Through the various outcomes is generates about
the gender equality in the organization premises within their demonstration of the performances
and superiors or top level of management if they allows the better positive scenario as in Marks
and Spencer’s company basically considered about the workforce ensures that there should be all
guidance provided to them related with service providing to the consumer as well as resources
are monitored that it is assorted by optimum utilization within the premises of the organization.
For evaluating significant strategies which influence the gender equality are:
By facilitating the better and positive working scenario towards their workforce.
4
within the supports of leadership and management as on the employees behavior and attitude that
they involve more and more actively participants in business activities, better team coordination
to working with other peers for making the task productive, As it most important to provides the
equal opportunity in premises where they perform and contributes the efficiency of work that
will enhanced the positive outcomes. Through the systematic approach of mapping the attributes
of individual which is related to the resembles workplaces, regardless, of weather in organization
having one, two or hundred employees are working there should be effective equality and
diversity in division of work as well as in decision making also, the agenda of this process is to
makes assurance that every employees get equal opportunity and fair judgment on the basis of
their performances (Nicolson, 2015).
Within the context of the Marks and Spencer’s company their leadership and management
are very effective and efficient enough as they get customized with their traits and skills of
workforce and information shared within them to how to having better positive factor to deliver
the exceptional performances. The equality upbringing the golden opportunities and provides the
neutral outcomes without any errors while the diversity having a advantages which helps to
develop the business in terms of infrastructure, training to new employees, generating the
external source of opportunities to existing employees where they can promote their skills and
knowledge as well as their creativity, visions in the market, to attain or accomplish to pitch the
idea to more and more consumers it will increasing the productivity specification (Mendez and
Busenbark, 2015).
By making determining about the possible outcomes which allows the better management of
gender equality which ensured in Marks and Spencer’s.
On the behalf of the Somen Mandel, 2020. Through the various outcomes is generates about
the gender equality in the organization premises within their demonstration of the performances
and superiors or top level of management if they allows the better positive scenario as in Marks
and Spencer’s company basically considered about the workforce ensures that there should be all
guidance provided to them related with service providing to the consumer as well as resources
are monitored that it is assorted by optimum utilization within the premises of the organization.
For evaluating significant strategies which influence the gender equality are:
By facilitating the better and positive working scenario towards their workforce.
4
Having a good sort of communication skills within peers and superior that will
optimisation the better relationship.
To elimination the gender pay gap according to the men and women as all employees
should get equal pay as per their competencies.
Prioritise to maintain the work life balance as per their professional and personal
aspects of activities (Haile, Emmanuel and Dzathor, 2016).
Enhancement of rewards system as well as the appraisal system should be formulated
by effective human resource manager to providing importance to every ones work
that they contributing as their high skills to accomplish the organisational task.
Eliminate or having the strict compliance laws in organisation premises related with
the violence, harassment to get destructed.
As per above highlighted some of the points are regulated towards by making of gender
equality rules in the Marks and Spencer’s company perspective where they abide the rules and
enhanced the gender equality to make their working aspect in positive aspects (Araujo and
Tejedo-Romero, 2018).
Research Findings
As per the above mention factors of literature review findings related with Gender
Equality is having more critical aspects that driven in situation based in premises of organisation
perspective as there is equal opportunity scenario in the environment, introducing the laws and
regulations which represent the benefits and security based of employees get enhanced through
the company visions and appraised the work outcomes through proper leadership and
management that driven to provides the effective managers to making the proper fair judgment
of the workforce work in the entire organisation environment.
Chapter 3: Methodology and Data Collection
A research methodology facilitates a group of precise process and systematic approach
which are assorted of researcher or expertise to making monitored the particular process and
analysis the information is gathered and evaluated for reaching the outcomes and for accomplish
the research conclusion.
Research Philosophy
Positivism: According to the researcher they determined on to pursuing the predicting
and observing for attaining research outcomes.
5
optimisation the better relationship.
To elimination the gender pay gap according to the men and women as all employees
should get equal pay as per their competencies.
Prioritise to maintain the work life balance as per their professional and personal
aspects of activities (Haile, Emmanuel and Dzathor, 2016).
Enhancement of rewards system as well as the appraisal system should be formulated
by effective human resource manager to providing importance to every ones work
that they contributing as their high skills to accomplish the organisational task.
Eliminate or having the strict compliance laws in organisation premises related with
the violence, harassment to get destructed.
As per above highlighted some of the points are regulated towards by making of gender
equality rules in the Marks and Spencer’s company perspective where they abide the rules and
enhanced the gender equality to make their working aspect in positive aspects (Araujo and
Tejedo-Romero, 2018).
Research Findings
As per the above mention factors of literature review findings related with Gender
Equality is having more critical aspects that driven in situation based in premises of organisation
perspective as there is equal opportunity scenario in the environment, introducing the laws and
regulations which represent the benefits and security based of employees get enhanced through
the company visions and appraised the work outcomes through proper leadership and
management that driven to provides the effective managers to making the proper fair judgment
of the workforce work in the entire organisation environment.
Chapter 3: Methodology and Data Collection
A research methodology facilitates a group of precise process and systematic approach
which are assorted of researcher or expertise to making monitored the particular process and
analysis the information is gathered and evaluated for reaching the outcomes and for accomplish
the research conclusion.
Research Philosophy
Positivism: According to the researcher they determined on to pursuing the predicting
and observing for attaining research outcomes.
5
Interprevistism: As on this manner is used by researcher for collecting the precious
amount of the data which represent some sort of subjective featured information (Burton, 2015).
For above summarization as researcher is assorted the Positivism research philosophy as
it will represent the assumption about the research data as per the outcomes while the
interpretivism will focus to collects the high range featured of the data information.
Research Approach
Deductive: By approaching this method on the basis of hypothesis as in representing the
developing theory that formatted and analysation the data on the driven hypothesis.
Inductive: The manner of this systematic approach where the researcher is more
considerate for the generating the new theory which produce the logical formation of method as
well as specific conclusion.
By evaluating the research approach the researcher is been considered the Deductive
approach for the where it shows the improvised theory with the detailed analysation of selective
hypothesis as where the inductive will not selected by reason is formulated it will provide the
new theory which is not suitable for researcher (Burke and Richardsen, 2016).
Research Method
Qualitative Method: Through this method it is structured as for the point of view
researcher wants to inputs the detailed knowledge about research information.
Quantitative Method: By this method of research the researcher keen to scrutinize the
numeric form of data where to implement in research outcomes for attainment as well as it will
represent the brief perspective of respondent (Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019).
As per the above research method the researcher is considerate the Quantitative research
method for making the research in arithmetic format to better analysation about research
outcomes.
Gantt Chart
The formation of the Gantt chart is representation of research facts and findings about
bar, graphical presentation which will allows transparency of involved the cost and time interval
incurred for conducting the research in simplicity of its featured (Rhee and Sigler, 2015).
6
amount of the data which represent some sort of subjective featured information (Burton, 2015).
For above summarization as researcher is assorted the Positivism research philosophy as
it will represent the assumption about the research data as per the outcomes while the
interpretivism will focus to collects the high range featured of the data information.
Research Approach
Deductive: By approaching this method on the basis of hypothesis as in representing the
developing theory that formatted and analysation the data on the driven hypothesis.
Inductive: The manner of this systematic approach where the researcher is more
considerate for the generating the new theory which produce the logical formation of method as
well as specific conclusion.
By evaluating the research approach the researcher is been considered the Deductive
approach for the where it shows the improvised theory with the detailed analysation of selective
hypothesis as where the inductive will not selected by reason is formulated it will provide the
new theory which is not suitable for researcher (Burke and Richardsen, 2016).
Research Method
Qualitative Method: Through this method it is structured as for the point of view
researcher wants to inputs the detailed knowledge about research information.
Quantitative Method: By this method of research the researcher keen to scrutinize the
numeric form of data where to implement in research outcomes for attainment as well as it will
represent the brief perspective of respondent (Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019).
As per the above research method the researcher is considerate the Quantitative research
method for making the research in arithmetic format to better analysation about research
outcomes.
Gantt Chart
The formation of the Gantt chart is representation of research facts and findings about
bar, graphical presentation which will allows transparency of involved the cost and time interval
incurred for conducting the research in simplicity of its featured (Rhee and Sigler, 2015).
6
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Source of data collection
Primary Source: As on the framework of this researcher is scrutinize the data
information through self-efforts through assorting techniques such as in interview, survey etc.
7
Primary Source: As on the framework of this researcher is scrutinize the data
information through self-efforts through assorting techniques such as in interview, survey etc.
7
Secondary Source: By utilisation this source of data collection by implement the other
research data information from various medium such as Books, Documents, Literatures, online
websites (Lundberg, 2018).
As through this on the researcher there is used of both primary and secondary where the
framing of questionnaire the information scrutinize different own strategic and secondary for
making the facts and findings assort from qualitative method.
Sampling Method:
On the sampling method there is using of Simple Random Sampling for where the
researcher pointing out the information randomly information about respondent objectives.
Sample Size: The consideration of sampling size as 25 respondent of workforce
from Marks and Spencer’s company where to evaluation of their behaviour and attitude.
Instrument Used: The techniques assort as in instrument that is form of Questionnaires
(Festing, Kornau and Schäfer, 2015). The below stated questionnaire is used for current
investigation in order to collect data from selected 25 respondents on the topic of Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management.
Questionnaire
Q1) Are you agreed with the fact that, managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management is essential and beneficial for an organisation?
a) Agreed
b) Disagreed
c) Neutral
Q2) What possible negative implication and issues would be faced by Marks and Spencer if
there is lack of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at its workplace?
a) Inequality contributes to harassment
b) Felling of stress and de-motivation
c) High employee turnover
d) Reduction in productivity
Q3) What are the possible ways through which better management of Gender Equality
Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer?
a) Fair HR prcatises
b) Promoting participative management
8
research data information from various medium such as Books, Documents, Literatures, online
websites (Lundberg, 2018).
As through this on the researcher there is used of both primary and secondary where the
framing of questionnaire the information scrutinize different own strategic and secondary for
making the facts and findings assort from qualitative method.
Sampling Method:
On the sampling method there is using of Simple Random Sampling for where the
researcher pointing out the information randomly information about respondent objectives.
Sample Size: The consideration of sampling size as 25 respondent of workforce
from Marks and Spencer’s company where to evaluation of their behaviour and attitude.
Instrument Used: The techniques assort as in instrument that is form of Questionnaires
(Festing, Kornau and Schäfer, 2015). The below stated questionnaire is used for current
investigation in order to collect data from selected 25 respondents on the topic of Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management.
Questionnaire
Q1) Are you agreed with the fact that, managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management is essential and beneficial for an organisation?
a) Agreed
b) Disagreed
c) Neutral
Q2) What possible negative implication and issues would be faced by Marks and Spencer if
there is lack of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at its workplace?
a) Inequality contributes to harassment
b) Felling of stress and de-motivation
c) High employee turnover
d) Reduction in productivity
Q3) What are the possible ways through which better management of Gender Equality
Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer?
a) Fair HR prcatises
b) Promoting participative management
8
c) Transparency in decision making and growth opportunity
Q4) What are the possible advantages that are lead by managing Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management at workplace of Marks and Spencer?
a) Creation of inclusive workforce
b) Enhanced motivation and satisfaction level
c) Higher productivity through enhanced coordination
Q5) What impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude
and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer?
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
Q6) Any Further recommendation for Marks and Spencer to ensure better management of
Gender Equality in Leadership and management?
Costs, access and ethical issues:
The estimated cost for current investigation is near around 300 £ which comprises of
overall expanses on transportation, collection of data, use of internet and other resources along
with all other expenses made for current investigation. Beside this, access to collected
information is provided only for tutor and researcher to maintain the reliability and authenticity
of collected data. Apart from this, implication of BERA code of ethics and data protection act is
also made to ensure the safety and privacy of collected data to overcome and eliminate the
ethical issues. The overall above research generalisation as per the data is been scrutinize
through the various strategically formulation criteria where the information is gathered as peer
confidential manner as well as the respondent view and deliverables on research had been under
convincing and not be disclose.
Chapter 4: Data analysis and interpretations
Use of pie charts and frequency table lead to an effective way to properly analyse and do
interpretation of collected data that was gathered with the help of questionnaire from the selected
9
Q4) What are the possible advantages that are lead by managing Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management at workplace of Marks and Spencer?
a) Creation of inclusive workforce
b) Enhanced motivation and satisfaction level
c) Higher productivity through enhanced coordination
Q5) What impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude
and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer?
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
Q6) Any Further recommendation for Marks and Spencer to ensure better management of
Gender Equality in Leadership and management?
Costs, access and ethical issues:
The estimated cost for current investigation is near around 300 £ which comprises of
overall expanses on transportation, collection of data, use of internet and other resources along
with all other expenses made for current investigation. Beside this, access to collected
information is provided only for tutor and researcher to maintain the reliability and authenticity
of collected data. Apart from this, implication of BERA code of ethics and data protection act is
also made to ensure the safety and privacy of collected data to overcome and eliminate the
ethical issues. The overall above research generalisation as per the data is been scrutinize
through the various strategically formulation criteria where the information is gathered as peer
confidential manner as well as the respondent view and deliverables on research had been under
convincing and not be disclose.
Chapter 4: Data analysis and interpretations
Use of pie charts and frequency table lead to an effective way to properly analyse and do
interpretation of collected data that was gathered with the help of questionnaire from the selected
9
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25 respondents for current investigation. A discussion regarding the data analysis and
interpretation had been provided below:
Theme 1: Managing Gender Equality in Leadership and Management is essential and
beneficial
Q1) Are you agreed with the fact that, managing Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management is essential and beneficial for an
organisation?
Frequency
a) Agreed 20
b) Disagreed 2
c) Neutral 3
Interpretation
It has been analysed with current investigation that 20 responders out of a total of 25
were agreed with the fact that managing Gender Equality in Leadership and Management is
essential and beneficial for an organisation where as only 2 seemed disagreed along with 3 other
participants who were having a neutral thought on above stated fact. Thus, an evaluation can be
made that maximum number of participants were seemed agreed with the fact that managing
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management is essential and beneficial for an organisation.
Theme 2: Negative implication and issues if there is lack of Gender Equality in Leadership
and Management
Q2) What possible negative implication and issues would be faced by Frequency
10
interpretation had been provided below:
Theme 1: Managing Gender Equality in Leadership and Management is essential and
beneficial
Q1) Are you agreed with the fact that, managing Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management is essential and beneficial for an
organisation?
Frequency
a) Agreed 20
b) Disagreed 2
c) Neutral 3
Interpretation
It has been analysed with current investigation that 20 responders out of a total of 25
were agreed with the fact that managing Gender Equality in Leadership and Management is
essential and beneficial for an organisation where as only 2 seemed disagreed along with 3 other
participants who were having a neutral thought on above stated fact. Thus, an evaluation can be
made that maximum number of participants were seemed agreed with the fact that managing
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management is essential and beneficial for an organisation.
Theme 2: Negative implication and issues if there is lack of Gender Equality in Leadership
and Management
Q2) What possible negative implication and issues would be faced by Frequency
10
Marks and Spencer if there is lack of Gender Equality in Leadership
and Management at its workplace?
a) Inequality contributes to harassment 5
b) Felling of stress and de-motivation 7
c) High employee turnover 6
d) Reduction in productivity 7
Interpretation
The various negative implications and issues lead by lack of Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management at its workplace consists of Inequality that contributes to
harassment as supported by 5 participants where as 7 were supported Felling of stress and de-
motivation. Beside this, 6 other participants were having a thought that high employee turnover
is lead by lack of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at its workplace while 7 other
had favoured reduction in productivity for the same. Thus, it has been analysed that many
negative implication and issues are faced by a company if there is lack of gender equality which
mainly consists of Felling of stress and de-motivation and Reduction in productivity as supported
by maximum participants.
Theme 3: Ways through which better management of Gender Equality Leadership could be
ensured
Q3) What are the possible ways through which better management
of Gender Equality Leadership could be ensured by Marks and
Frequency
11
and Management at its workplace?
a) Inequality contributes to harassment 5
b) Felling of stress and de-motivation 7
c) High employee turnover 6
d) Reduction in productivity 7
Interpretation
The various negative implications and issues lead by lack of Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management at its workplace consists of Inequality that contributes to
harassment as supported by 5 participants where as 7 were supported Felling of stress and de-
motivation. Beside this, 6 other participants were having a thought that high employee turnover
is lead by lack of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at its workplace while 7 other
had favoured reduction in productivity for the same. Thus, it has been analysed that many
negative implication and issues are faced by a company if there is lack of gender equality which
mainly consists of Felling of stress and de-motivation and Reduction in productivity as supported
by maximum participants.
Theme 3: Ways through which better management of Gender Equality Leadership could be
ensured
Q3) What are the possible ways through which better management
of Gender Equality Leadership could be ensured by Marks and
Frequency
11
Spencer?
a) Fair HR prcatises 10
b) Promoting participative management 8
c) Transparency in decision making and growth opportunity 7
Interpretation
Adoption of fair HR practises is an effective way through which better management of
Gender Equality Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer as favoured by 10
Participants where as 8 had supported Promoting participative management along with 7 other
individuals who were having a thought that Transparency in decision making and growth
opportunity lead to creation of gender equality in leadership and management. Therefore, an
interpretation can be made with respect to above pie chart that fair HR practises is a viable
strategy to support gender equality as keeps a restriction and check on promotional and
recruitment activity to remove biasness from such practises to lead and ensures Gender Equality
Leadership.
Theme 4: Possible advantages lead by managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management
Q4) What are the possible advantages that are lead by managing
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at workplace of
Marks and Spencer?
Frequency
a) Creation of inclusive workforce 8
12
a) Fair HR prcatises 10
b) Promoting participative management 8
c) Transparency in decision making and growth opportunity 7
Interpretation
Adoption of fair HR practises is an effective way through which better management of
Gender Equality Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer as favoured by 10
Participants where as 8 had supported Promoting participative management along with 7 other
individuals who were having a thought that Transparency in decision making and growth
opportunity lead to creation of gender equality in leadership and management. Therefore, an
interpretation can be made with respect to above pie chart that fair HR practises is a viable
strategy to support gender equality as keeps a restriction and check on promotional and
recruitment activity to remove biasness from such practises to lead and ensures Gender Equality
Leadership.
Theme 4: Possible advantages lead by managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management
Q4) What are the possible advantages that are lead by managing
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at workplace of
Marks and Spencer?
Frequency
a) Creation of inclusive workforce 8
12
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b) Enhanced motivation and satisfaction level 7
c) Higher productivity through enhanced coordination 10
Interpretation
It has been interpreted through current research project that Creation of inclusive
workforce is a possible advantages of by managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management at workplace of Marks and Spencer as favoured by 8 participants where 7 were in
supported of Enhanced motivation and satisfaction level together with 10 other participants who
are having an opinion that Higher productivity through enhanced coordination is lead by gender
equality. Thus, it has been interpreted that enhanced productivity which is lead by reduction in
chaos and conflicts to ensures effective coordination is the main advantage created by managing
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management
Theme 5: Impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management
Q5) What impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace
of Marks and Spencer?
Frequency
a) Positive 22
b) Negative 1
c) Neutral 2
13
c) Higher productivity through enhanced coordination 10
Interpretation
It has been interpreted through current research project that Creation of inclusive
workforce is a possible advantages of by managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management at workplace of Marks and Spencer as favoured by 8 participants where 7 were in
supported of Enhanced motivation and satisfaction level together with 10 other participants who
are having an opinion that Higher productivity through enhanced coordination is lead by gender
equality. Thus, it has been interpreted that enhanced productivity which is lead by reduction in
chaos and conflicts to ensures effective coordination is the main advantage created by managing
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management
Theme 5: Impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management
Q5) What impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace
of Marks and Spencer?
Frequency
a) Positive 22
b) Negative 1
c) Neutral 2
13
Interpretation
It has been observed from above pie chart with respect to current investigation that 22
participants out of a total of 25 believed that overall positive impact is lead by Gender Equality
in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks
and Spencer where as only 1 supported its negative impact along with 2 other respondents who
were neutral regarding the impact of gender equality on employees attitude and behaviour. The
main finding of current investigation and study comprises of leading a positive impact of Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace of
Marks and Spencer as it support enhanced coordination and better productivity along with many
other benefits.
Confirmation of set objective by research findings
The set objectives are achieved by current investigation as it a better understanding about
managing Gender Equality in Leadership and Management is lead out along with its essential
and beneficial for an organisation through Creation of inclusive workforce, enhanced motivation
and satisfaction level and higher productivity through enhanced coordination among employees.
Beside this, it has been evaluated that management of gender equality is also viable as lack of
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at its workplace could lead to Inequality
contributes to harassment, Felling of stress and de-motivation, High employee turnover and even
reduction in productivity. Further, to meet the set objectives it has been find out that a positive
impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of
14
It has been observed from above pie chart with respect to current investigation that 22
participants out of a total of 25 believed that overall positive impact is lead by Gender Equality
in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks
and Spencer where as only 1 supported its negative impact along with 2 other respondents who
were neutral regarding the impact of gender equality on employees attitude and behaviour. The
main finding of current investigation and study comprises of leading a positive impact of Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace of
Marks and Spencer as it support enhanced coordination and better productivity along with many
other benefits.
Confirmation of set objective by research findings
The set objectives are achieved by current investigation as it a better understanding about
managing Gender Equality in Leadership and Management is lead out along with its essential
and beneficial for an organisation through Creation of inclusive workforce, enhanced motivation
and satisfaction level and higher productivity through enhanced coordination among employees.
Beside this, it has been evaluated that management of gender equality is also viable as lack of
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at its workplace could lead to Inequality
contributes to harassment, Felling of stress and de-motivation, High employee turnover and even
reduction in productivity. Further, to meet the set objectives it has been find out that a positive
impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of
14
employees at workplace. Thus, current investigation is vital and efficiency to meet set objectives
as it lead to analysis of fact that gender equality become vital for organisation to mange effective
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at workplace that could be done with the help
of Fair HR prcatises, Promoting participative management and leading transparency in decision
making and growth opportunity.
Chapter 5: Research Outcomes
Covered in PPT
Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusions
It can be conclude from current research project that a positive impact is lead by Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace
through leading a more inclusive and stress free workplace. Further, enhancement in productivity
and better job satisfaction and motivation is also lead by gender equality to lead betterment of
organisation. Further, it could be also concluded that harassment, Felling of stress and de-
motivation, High employee turnover and Reduction in productivity is also faced by organisation
if there is lack of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at its workplace. At last it
could be summarised that Fair HR prcatises, promoting participative management and
transparency in decision making and growth opportunity are effective ways to create Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management at workplace.
Recommendations
With respect to current investigation following recommendations could be made for Marks
and Spencer to have better management of Gender Equality in Leadership and management:
Adoption of fair HR practises are highly recommended for Marks and Spencer as it lead
to reduction in discrimination in recruitment and selection process along with leading fair
wages and incentives for all employees irrespective of their gender thus, ensures better
management of Gender equality at workplace.
Further, Promoting participative management is also recommended for Marks and
Spencer as it ensure proper involvement of all employees in decision making and lead to
15
as it lead to analysis of fact that gender equality become vital for organisation to mange effective
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at workplace that could be done with the help
of Fair HR prcatises, Promoting participative management and leading transparency in decision
making and growth opportunity.
Chapter 5: Research Outcomes
Covered in PPT
Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusions
It can be conclude from current research project that a positive impact is lead by Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace
through leading a more inclusive and stress free workplace. Further, enhancement in productivity
and better job satisfaction and motivation is also lead by gender equality to lead betterment of
organisation. Further, it could be also concluded that harassment, Felling of stress and de-
motivation, High employee turnover and Reduction in productivity is also faced by organisation
if there is lack of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at its workplace. At last it
could be summarised that Fair HR prcatises, promoting participative management and
transparency in decision making and growth opportunity are effective ways to create Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management at workplace.
Recommendations
With respect to current investigation following recommendations could be made for Marks
and Spencer to have better management of Gender Equality in Leadership and management:
Adoption of fair HR practises are highly recommended for Marks and Spencer as it lead
to reduction in discrimination in recruitment and selection process along with leading fair
wages and incentives for all employees irrespective of their gender thus, ensures better
management of Gender equality at workplace.
Further, Promoting participative management is also recommended for Marks and
Spencer as it ensure proper involvement of all employees in decision making and lead to
15
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transparency in growth opportunity and other aspects to eliminate discrimination and
promote gender equality at workplace.
Chapter 7: Reflection & Recommendation of alternative research
methodology
Reflection
The current research project on topic of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at
workplace is vital and useful for me as it lead to enhanced communication and managerial skills
along with leading better work experience and knowledge in me. Further, use of quantitative
research methods is also useful as it lead to accomplishment of all set objectives on time through
leading better data collection and its efficient presentation. Further, the vital associated with
collection of numeric data in place of theoretical was faced while making use of quantitative
research method. Thus, it can be reflected that implication of quantitative form of research
method is efficient for current investigation to meet set objectives in efficient manner through
leading efficient and more easy collection of data with the help of questionnaire. Apart from this,
collection of numeric facts leads to better presentation of facts and figures with the help of pie
charts to achieve set objectives along with leading a more measurable and efficient result. The
only pitfall faced was by me was related with lack of theoretical and in-depth information.
Recommendation of alternative research methodology
The alternative research methodology that could be used by me consists of use of qualitative
research method along with using interview as data collection tool that ensures better and more
in-depth information. But use of qualitative research method is more complex and time
consuming thus could affect or hamper the efficiency of research work. Use of qualitative
method of research is recommended for future research work as an alternative as it useful in
overcoming pitfall of current investigation by leading collection of in-depth and theoretical form
of data to support a better conclusion and more effective accomplishment of objectives in future.
16
promote gender equality at workplace.
Chapter 7: Reflection & Recommendation of alternative research
methodology
Reflection
The current research project on topic of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at
workplace is vital and useful for me as it lead to enhanced communication and managerial skills
along with leading better work experience and knowledge in me. Further, use of quantitative
research methods is also useful as it lead to accomplishment of all set objectives on time through
leading better data collection and its efficient presentation. Further, the vital associated with
collection of numeric data in place of theoretical was faced while making use of quantitative
research method. Thus, it can be reflected that implication of quantitative form of research
method is efficient for current investigation to meet set objectives in efficient manner through
leading efficient and more easy collection of data with the help of questionnaire. Apart from this,
collection of numeric facts leads to better presentation of facts and figures with the help of pie
charts to achieve set objectives along with leading a more measurable and efficient result. The
only pitfall faced was by me was related with lack of theoretical and in-depth information.
Recommendation of alternative research methodology
The alternative research methodology that could be used by me consists of use of qualitative
research method along with using interview as data collection tool that ensures better and more
in-depth information. But use of qualitative research method is more complex and time
consuming thus could affect or hamper the efficiency of research work. Use of qualitative
method of research is recommended for future research work as an alternative as it useful in
overcoming pitfall of current investigation by leading collection of in-depth and theoretical form
of data to support a better conclusion and more effective accomplishment of objectives in future.
16
REFERENCES
Books and journal
17
Books and journal
17
Online:
Olivia Kyriakidou, 2011. Gender in leadership management.. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/02610151211201296/full/html.>
Louise Petty, 2016. How Equality & Diversity Improves Your Workplace: Examining the
Benefits. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/equality-diversity-benefits-workplace/>
Somen Mandel, 2020. Diversity And Inclusion: A Beginner’s Guide For HR Professionals.
[Online]. Available Through: <https://ideal.com/diversity-and-inclusion/>
Appendix:
Power Point Slides
18
Olivia Kyriakidou, 2011. Gender in leadership management.. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/02610151211201296/full/html.>
Louise Petty, 2016. How Equality & Diversity Improves Your Workplace: Examining the
Benefits. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/equality-diversity-benefits-workplace/>
Somen Mandel, 2020. Diversity And Inclusion: A Beginner’s Guide For HR Professionals.
[Online]. Available Through: <https://ideal.com/diversity-and-inclusion/>
Appendix:
Power Point Slides
18
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19
20
21
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22
23
24
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25
Questionnaire
Questionnaire
Q1) Are you agreed with the fact that, managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management is essential and beneficial for an organisation?
a) Agreed
b) Disagreed
c) Neutral
Q2) What possible negative implication and issues would be faced by Marks and Spencer if
there is lack of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at its workplace?
a) Inequality contributes to harassment
b) Felling of stress and de-motivation
c) High employee turnover
d) Reduction in productivity
Q3) What are the possible ways through which better management of Gender Equality
26
Questionnaire
Q1) Are you agreed with the fact that, managing Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management is essential and beneficial for an organisation?
a) Agreed
b) Disagreed
c) Neutral
Q2) What possible negative implication and issues would be faced by Marks and Spencer if
there is lack of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management at its workplace?
a) Inequality contributes to harassment
b) Felling of stress and de-motivation
c) High employee turnover
d) Reduction in productivity
Q3) What are the possible ways through which better management of Gender Equality
26
Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer?
a) Fair HR prcatises
b) Promoting participative management
c) Transparency in decision making and growth opportunity
Q4) What are the possible advantages that are lead by managing Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management at workplace of Marks and Spencer?
a) Creation of inclusive workforce
b) Enhanced motivation and satisfaction level
c) Higher productivity through enhanced coordination
Q5) What impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude
and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer?
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
Q6) Any Further recommendation for Marks and Spencer to ensure better management of
Gender Equality in Leadership and management?
Research Proposal Form
Student Name: _ Student ID: ____________
Centre Name:
Tutor: ________________ Date:
Unit: 11 Research Proposal
Proposed Title: Gender Equality in Leadership and Management. A research work on
Marks and Spencer
27
a) Fair HR prcatises
b) Promoting participative management
c) Transparency in decision making and growth opportunity
Q4) What are the possible advantages that are lead by managing Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management at workplace of Marks and Spencer?
a) Creation of inclusive workforce
b) Enhanced motivation and satisfaction level
c) Higher productivity through enhanced coordination
Q5) What impact is lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude
and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer?
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
Q6) Any Further recommendation for Marks and Spencer to ensure better management of
Gender Equality in Leadership and management?
Research Proposal Form
Student Name: _ Student ID: ____________
Centre Name:
Tutor: ________________ Date:
Unit: 11 Research Proposal
Proposed Title: Gender Equality in Leadership and Management. A research work on
Marks and Spencer
27
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Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities
Title or working title of the research project (in the form of a question, objective or
hypothesis)
The selected topic for current research project is, “ Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management. A research work on Marks and Spencer
Research Aim
The aim of this research work is, “To evaluate about the impact of Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at
workplace. An investigation conducted on Marks & Spencer FENCHURCH STREET,
London and England situated at 168 Fenchurch St, Langbourn, London EC3M 6DE,
United Kingdom.
Research objectives (e.g what is the question you want to answer? What do you want
to learn how to do? What do you want to find out?):
To get deep insight into the phenomena of managing Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management along with its need and importance.
To evaluate about the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management
on attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer.
To determine the possible ways through which better management of Gender
Equality Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer.
Question Tag
Why management of Gender Equality is important and vital for an organisation?
What influence is lead on attitude and behaviour of employees by managing
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management?
What possible recommendation could be lead for Marks and Spencer to ensure
better Gender Equality in Leadership and Management?
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project
Reasons for choosing the project (e.g links to other subjects you are studying, personal interest, future
plans, knowledge/skills you want to improve, why the topic is important):
The reason for section of current research project is that it meet both professional and
personal objectives of researcher as through leading better information about possible
ways through which better management of Gender Equality Leadership could be ensured
by an orgnisation, this project is enhancing professional and managerial skills of
investigator. Beside this, through meeting the educational background of researcher and
leading better communication and analytical skills it is meeting the personal aspects of
researcher. Thus, the main reason for selecting topic on management of Gender Equality
in Leadership is that it lead to enhanced skills and overall professional and personal
28
Title or working title of the research project (in the form of a question, objective or
hypothesis)
The selected topic for current research project is, “ Gender Equality in Leadership and
Management. A research work on Marks and Spencer
Research Aim
The aim of this research work is, “To evaluate about the impact of Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at
workplace. An investigation conducted on Marks & Spencer FENCHURCH STREET,
London and England situated at 168 Fenchurch St, Langbourn, London EC3M 6DE,
United Kingdom.
Research objectives (e.g what is the question you want to answer? What do you want
to learn how to do? What do you want to find out?):
To get deep insight into the phenomena of managing Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management along with its need and importance.
To evaluate about the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management
on attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer.
To determine the possible ways through which better management of Gender
Equality Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer.
Question Tag
Why management of Gender Equality is important and vital for an organisation?
What influence is lead on attitude and behaviour of employees by managing
Gender Equality in Leadership and Management?
What possible recommendation could be lead for Marks and Spencer to ensure
better Gender Equality in Leadership and Management?
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project
Reasons for choosing the project (e.g links to other subjects you are studying, personal interest, future
plans, knowledge/skills you want to improve, why the topic is important):
The reason for section of current research project is that it meet both professional and
personal objectives of researcher as through leading better information about possible
ways through which better management of Gender Equality Leadership could be ensured
by an orgnisation, this project is enhancing professional and managerial skills of
investigator. Beside this, through meeting the educational background of researcher and
leading better communication and analytical skills it is meeting the personal aspects of
researcher. Thus, the main reason for selecting topic on management of Gender Equality
in Leadership is that it lead to enhanced skills and overall professional and personal
28
development.
Section Three: Literature sources searched
To get deep insight into the phenomena of managing Gender Equality in Leadership
and Management along with its need and importance
As per the view point of Madsen, S.R. ed., 2017., Gender equality in organizations is
associated with leading an organizational structures, processes, and practices where both
males and females are treated equality including all HR practices (i.e., policies, decision-
making, and their enactment) affect the hiring, training, pay, and promotion of women
(GröSChl and Takagi, 2016). Thus, an evaluation can be made that Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management ensures more better direction and guidance for employees to
implement same in order to lead creation of equality at workplace.
To evaluate about the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on
attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer.
As per the opinions of Araujo, J.F.F.E. and Tejedo-Romero, F., 2018, a positive impact is
lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of
employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer as it offer a discrimination free
environment that is free from all types of stress and chaos to improve motivation and job
satisfaction of employees (Palmieri, 2018). Thus, it can be analysed that Gender Equality
in Leadership and Management lead to more effective framework and positive impact on
attitude and behaviour of employees through eliminating discrimination and ensuring
equal opportunity for all irrespective of their gender that boost morale and effectivesness
of employees to have better attitude and behaviour towards work.
To determine the possible ways through which better management of Gender Equality
Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer
As per the view point of Burton, L.J., 2015, unbiased HR practices, transparent decision
making and participative leadership style are possible ways through which better
management of Gender Equality Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer
(Burke and Richardsen, 2016). The other ways that could be adopted by Marks and
Spenser consists of leading effective communication along with ensuring unbiased growth
29
Section Three: Literature sources searched
To get deep insight into the phenomena of managing Gender Equality in Leadership
and Management along with its need and importance
As per the view point of Madsen, S.R. ed., 2017., Gender equality in organizations is
associated with leading an organizational structures, processes, and practices where both
males and females are treated equality including all HR practices (i.e., policies, decision-
making, and their enactment) affect the hiring, training, pay, and promotion of women
(GröSChl and Takagi, 2016). Thus, an evaluation can be made that Gender Equality in
Leadership and Management ensures more better direction and guidance for employees to
implement same in order to lead creation of equality at workplace.
To evaluate about the impact of Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on
attitude and behaviour of employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer.
As per the opinions of Araujo, J.F.F.E. and Tejedo-Romero, F., 2018, a positive impact is
lead by Gender Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of
employees at workplace of Marks and Spencer as it offer a discrimination free
environment that is free from all types of stress and chaos to improve motivation and job
satisfaction of employees (Palmieri, 2018). Thus, it can be analysed that Gender Equality
in Leadership and Management lead to more effective framework and positive impact on
attitude and behaviour of employees through eliminating discrimination and ensuring
equal opportunity for all irrespective of their gender that boost morale and effectivesness
of employees to have better attitude and behaviour towards work.
To determine the possible ways through which better management of Gender Equality
Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer
As per the view point of Burton, L.J., 2015, unbiased HR practices, transparent decision
making and participative leadership style are possible ways through which better
management of Gender Equality Leadership could be ensured by Marks and Spencer
(Burke and Richardsen, 2016). The other ways that could be adopted by Marks and
Spenser consists of leading effective communication along with ensuring unbiased growth
29
opportunity to lead better management of Gender Equality Leadership.
Section Four: Activities and timescales
Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g research,
development and analysis of ideas, writing, data collection, numerical
analysis, tutor meetings, production of final outcome, evaluation, writing
the report):
Aims and objective
Research methodology
Literature review
Data collection
Data analysis
Conclusion and recommendations
Final submission
How long this will take:
15 days
21 days
32 days
35 days
20 days
14 days
1 day
Gantt Chart
30
Section Four: Activities and timescales
Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g research,
development and analysis of ideas, writing, data collection, numerical
analysis, tutor meetings, production of final outcome, evaluation, writing
the report):
Aims and objective
Research methodology
Literature review
Data collection
Data analysis
Conclusion and recommendations
Final submission
How long this will take:
15 days
21 days
32 days
35 days
20 days
14 days
1 day
Gantt Chart
30
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Section Five: Research approach and methodologies
What type of research approach and methodologies are you likely to use and why? What your areas of
research will cover:
Following research methods and approaches are adopted for conducting current
investigation on Marks and Spencer with the help of Saunder’s research onion which is
evaluated below:
Figure 1: Research Onion, 2020.
Research philosophy- Positivism research philosophy had been use by researcher for
current investigation on Marks and Spencer to have better testing and scan of set
objectives (Mengoli, Odorici and Gudjonsson, 2017).
Research method- Quantitative research method is applied for current investigation as
it ensures more faster and effect way of research through leading collection of numeric
information.
Research approach- To have better scan and evaluation of quanatitatuve data and
facts, use of deductive approach is made.
Source of data- Primary as well as secondary source of information are used to
ensure collection of authentic and first hand data along with secondary support (Haile,
Emmanuel and Dzathor, 2016).
The adoption of Positivism philosophy is suitable and justifiable as it lead to more
31
What type of research approach and methodologies are you likely to use and why? What your areas of
research will cover:
Following research methods and approaches are adopted for conducting current
investigation on Marks and Spencer with the help of Saunder’s research onion which is
evaluated below:
Figure 1: Research Onion, 2020.
Research philosophy- Positivism research philosophy had been use by researcher for
current investigation on Marks and Spencer to have better testing and scan of set
objectives (Mengoli, Odorici and Gudjonsson, 2017).
Research method- Quantitative research method is applied for current investigation as
it ensures more faster and effect way of research through leading collection of numeric
information.
Research approach- To have better scan and evaluation of quanatitatuve data and
facts, use of deductive approach is made.
Source of data- Primary as well as secondary source of information are used to
ensure collection of authentic and first hand data along with secondary support (Haile,
Emmanuel and Dzathor, 2016).
The adoption of Positivism philosophy is suitable and justifiable as it lead to more
31
effective testing of set objectives along with deductive approach that ensures viable
scanning and evaluation of collected data. Apart from this, use of quantitative method
ensures timely accomplishment of research work through leading collection of
information in numeric terms that is easy to collect and present.
Instrument used- Questionnaire is adopted as research instrument in order to
collect quantitative data for current investigation on Marks and Spencer.
Sample method- For current research work 25 respondents from employees of Marks
and Spencer are taken as sample size with the help of random sample method.
Comments and agreement from tutor
Comments (optional):
I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for another qualification and
is appropriate.
Agreed: ________________ (name)_______________ Date ______________
Comments and agreement form project proposal checker( IV sampling)
Comments (Optional):
I confirm that the project is appropriate.
Agreed /Disagree: (Name of the IV) Date
Research Ethics approval form
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected form human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing their
research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if
incomplete.
For further support and guidance please see your respective Unit Tutor:
Before completing this form, we advise that you discuss your proposed research fully with your
unit tutor. Please complete this form in good time before your research project is due to
commence.
Section 1: Basic details:
Project title:
The selected topic for current research project is, “To evaluate about the impact of Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at
workplace. An investigation conducted on Marks & Spencer FENCHURCH STREET,
London and England.
Student name:
32
scanning and evaluation of collected data. Apart from this, use of quantitative method
ensures timely accomplishment of research work through leading collection of
information in numeric terms that is easy to collect and present.
Instrument used- Questionnaire is adopted as research instrument in order to
collect quantitative data for current investigation on Marks and Spencer.
Sample method- For current research work 25 respondents from employees of Marks
and Spencer are taken as sample size with the help of random sample method.
Comments and agreement from tutor
Comments (optional):
I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be submitted for another qualification and
is appropriate.
Agreed: ________________ (name)_______________ Date ______________
Comments and agreement form project proposal checker( IV sampling)
Comments (Optional):
I confirm that the project is appropriate.
Agreed /Disagree: (Name of the IV) Date
Research Ethics approval form
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected form human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing their
research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if
incomplete.
For further support and guidance please see your respective Unit Tutor:
Before completing this form, we advise that you discuss your proposed research fully with your
unit tutor. Please complete this form in good time before your research project is due to
commence.
Section 1: Basic details:
Project title:
The selected topic for current research project is, “To evaluate about the impact of Gender
Equality in Leadership and Management on attitude and behaviour of employees at
workplace. An investigation conducted on Marks & Spencer FENCHURCH STREET,
London and England.
Student name:
32
Student ID number:
Programme:
College Name:
Intended research start date:
Intended research end date:
Section 2 Project summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as a part of your project:
Interviews No
Questionnaires Yes
Observations Yes
Use of personal records No
Data Analysis Yes
Action Research No
Focus Groups No
Others (Please specify) : n/a
Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants? Yes
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:
Ages 12-16: No Young people aged: 17-18 No Adults: Yes
How will participants be recruited (identified an approached)?
From employees of Marks and Spencer
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:
Use of notice boards, e-mails and other online channels will be made
How will you obtain consent from participants? Will this be written? How will it be made clear to participants
that they may withdraw consent to participate at any time?
Consent will be obtain through signing written consent form.
Studies involving questionnaires: will participants be given the option of omitting questions that do not wish
to answer?
Yes
If no please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this
Studies involving observation: Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to be
observed.
Yes
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e give them a brief explanation of the study)?
Yes
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study?(This could be a brief summary of
your findings in general)
33
Programme:
College Name:
Intended research start date:
Intended research end date:
Section 2 Project summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as a part of your project:
Interviews No
Questionnaires Yes
Observations Yes
Use of personal records No
Data Analysis Yes
Action Research No
Focus Groups No
Others (Please specify) : n/a
Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants? Yes
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:
Ages 12-16: No Young people aged: 17-18 No Adults: Yes
How will participants be recruited (identified an approached)?
From employees of Marks and Spencer
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:
Use of notice boards, e-mails and other online channels will be made
How will you obtain consent from participants? Will this be written? How will it be made clear to participants
that they may withdraw consent to participate at any time?
Consent will be obtain through signing written consent form.
Studies involving questionnaires: will participants be given the option of omitting questions that do not wish
to answer?
Yes
If no please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this
Studies involving observation: Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to be
observed.
Yes
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e give them a brief explanation of the study)?
Yes
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study?(This could be a brief summary of
your findings in general)
33
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Yes
Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data Protection Act
(1998)
Yes
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
Only Researcher and tutors
During the research:
Reseacher/Supervisor
Where will the data be stored?
Stored in DOC document with the use of USB and Laptop
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used
Yes
If Yes, please provide further details:
After the research: the data will be safely disposed
Where will the data be stored?: USB/Laptop
How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
Three to five months
Will data be kept for use by other researchers? No
Section 5 : Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work, which may raise ethical concerns? If so, please
outline how you will deal with these: N/A
It is important that you demonstrate your awareness of potential risks that may arise because of your
research. Please consider/address all issues that may apply. Ethical concerns may include, but are not
limited to the following :
Informed consent. Yes
Potentially vulnerable participants. n/a
Sensitive topics n/a
Risk to participants and /or researchers: n/a
Confidentiality/anonymity: Yes
Disclosures/ limits to confidentiality: Yes
Data storage and security, both during and after the research (including transfer, sharing,
encryption, protection). Yes
Reporting: Yes
Dissemination and use of your findings: Yes
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and Ethics Policy: Yes
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:
Yes
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct, and this is a full description of the ethical issues that may arise in the
course of my research
Name: Date:
Please submit your completed form to your tutor and also attach to the Research Proposal when
submitting to Turnitin.
References
34
Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data Protection Act
(1998)
Yes
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
Only Researcher and tutors
During the research:
Reseacher/Supervisor
Where will the data be stored?
Stored in DOC document with the use of USB and Laptop
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used
Yes
If Yes, please provide further details:
After the research: the data will be safely disposed
Where will the data be stored?: USB/Laptop
How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
Three to five months
Will data be kept for use by other researchers? No
Section 5 : Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work, which may raise ethical concerns? If so, please
outline how you will deal with these: N/A
It is important that you demonstrate your awareness of potential risks that may arise because of your
research. Please consider/address all issues that may apply. Ethical concerns may include, but are not
limited to the following :
Informed consent. Yes
Potentially vulnerable participants. n/a
Sensitive topics n/a
Risk to participants and /or researchers: n/a
Confidentiality/anonymity: Yes
Disclosures/ limits to confidentiality: Yes
Data storage and security, both during and after the research (including transfer, sharing,
encryption, protection). Yes
Reporting: Yes
Dissemination and use of your findings: Yes
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and Ethics Policy: Yes
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:
Yes
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct, and this is a full description of the ethical issues that may arise in the
course of my research
Name: Date:
Please submit your completed form to your tutor and also attach to the Research Proposal when
submitting to Turnitin.
References
34
GröSChl, S. and Takagi, J., 2016. Diversity quotas, diverse perspectives: The case of gender.
Routledge.
Blackmore, J. and Sawers, N., 2015. Executive power and scaled-up gender subtexts in
Australian entrepreneurial universities. Gender and Education. 27(3). pp.320-337.
Salminen-Karlsson, M., 2015. Expatriate paternalistic leadership and gender relations in small
European software firms in India. Culture and Organization. 21(5). pp.409-426.
Palmieri, S., 2018. Gender-sensitive parliaments. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
Madsen, S. R. ed., 2017. Handbook of research on gender and leadership. Edward Elgar
Publishing.
Mengoli, S., Odorici, V. and Gudjonsson, S., 2017. The scorpion who stings the dog who bites:
The effect of women's different job positions on gender discrimination in microfinance.
Journal of Research in Gender Studies. 7(1). p.137.
Haile, S., Emmanuel, T. and Dzathor, A., 2016. BARRIERS AND CHALLEGES
CONFRONTING WOMEN FOR LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT POSITIONS:
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS. International Journal of Business & Public Administration.
13(1).
Araujo, J. F. F. E. and Tejedo-Romero, F., 2018. Does gender equality affect municipal
transparency: The case of Spain. Public Performance & Management Review. 41(1).
pp.69-99.
Burton, L. J., 2015. Underrepresentation of women in sport leadership: A review of research.
Sport management review. 18(2). pp.155-165.
Burke, R.J. and Richardsen, A.M. eds., 2016. Women in management worldwide: Signs of
progress. Taylor & Francis.
35
Routledge.
Blackmore, J. and Sawers, N., 2015. Executive power and scaled-up gender subtexts in
Australian entrepreneurial universities. Gender and Education. 27(3). pp.320-337.
Salminen-Karlsson, M., 2015. Expatriate paternalistic leadership and gender relations in small
European software firms in India. Culture and Organization. 21(5). pp.409-426.
Palmieri, S., 2018. Gender-sensitive parliaments. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics.
Madsen, S. R. ed., 2017. Handbook of research on gender and leadership. Edward Elgar
Publishing.
Mengoli, S., Odorici, V. and Gudjonsson, S., 2017. The scorpion who stings the dog who bites:
The effect of women's different job positions on gender discrimination in microfinance.
Journal of Research in Gender Studies. 7(1). p.137.
Haile, S., Emmanuel, T. and Dzathor, A., 2016. BARRIERS AND CHALLEGES
CONFRONTING WOMEN FOR LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT POSITIONS:
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS. International Journal of Business & Public Administration.
13(1).
Araujo, J. F. F. E. and Tejedo-Romero, F., 2018. Does gender equality affect municipal
transparency: The case of Spain. Public Performance & Management Review. 41(1).
pp.69-99.
Burton, L. J., 2015. Underrepresentation of women in sport leadership: A review of research.
Sport management review. 18(2). pp.155-165.
Burke, R.J. and Richardsen, A.M. eds., 2016. Women in management worldwide: Signs of
progress. Taylor & Francis.
35
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