Organisational Behaviour: Influence of Culture, Politics, and Power on Individual and Team Behaviour

This document analyzes how organizational culture, politics, and power influence individual and team behavior and performance. It also evaluates content and process theories of motivation and explains the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams.

Organisational Behaviour

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Analyse how an organisation culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.........................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2. Evaluation of content and process theories of motivation.....................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................4
P3. Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team............................4
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P4. Apply concepts and philosophies organisational behaviour.................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is described as the study of human behaviour in the company that means
how they react in a team and group or as an individual. It also include concern connect to
understanding, predicating, production and control of individual’s behaviour in a workplace. It is
a systematic study and application of knowledge about how people and group work in the firms
where they are employed (Wilkins, Butt and Annabi, 2018). Organisation behaviour draws from
other disciples to create a unique area. Organisation taken for this written document is Walmart
Inc which is an American multinational retail company that operates its business globally with
the help of hypermarkets, discount department stores and grocery outlets. This company was
incorporated in 1962 by Sam Walton and is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, US. The
assignment will cover information about the influence of culture, politics and power on others
behaviours. Further, different methods of motivation in reference to accomplish business aims
and objectives. Moreover, it also includes application of organisational behaviour in the
company and how to develop effective group and team.
TASK 1
P1. Analyse how an organisation culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance
In a company, different components that impacted the individual and team execution and
behavioural aspects that consist working environment culture, power and prevailing politics. To
determine the impact of these factors Walmart accepted different theories and methods like
cultural affect analysis organisation can accept “Charles Handy Model of organisational culture”.
To determine the power factor, the administration can use French and raven’s Five Forms of
Power concept. The description of these methods in term of Walmart as below:
Culture
Each firm has certain values and consider some policies in its business in term of guidance that
make it differ from others. The principles and values of a company devise its culture. The culture
of the venture decides the way workforce interacts among themselves and outside parties
(Nightingale, 2018). There are various models that has been proposed to define organisational
culture one of them being the Charles Handy model that can be considered by the management if
Walmart. This model consist four types of culture the description of them as under:
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Power culture- There are some firm in which power remains with few individual and only
seniors or authorised people are responsible to take decision. They are the most important
individual in the working environment and these people also accountable to delegate
responsibilities to other workers of the firm. In context of Walmart, if the company adopt this
culture then manager of the firm is responsible to allot the work to others and framing plans and
policies for the development of the company (Tang, Chan and Shen, 2019). If the organisation
adopts this culture then this will positively affect the team and individual behaviour or
performance as it will help in maintaining the hierarchy of the company and people will do their
work in systematic manner. If they face issues then they will aware that from where they can get
solution. It will help in improving the profit and productivity of the enterprise.
Role culture- It is a culture in which each person of the firm is delegated roles and
responsibilities as per their education, qualification, specialization and interest so that they
perform well and provide appropriate outcomes. For example, if the administration of Walmart
adopts this culture then employees decide what best they can do according to the skills and
abilities. It will create favourable impact over the business activities and operations of the
company because the firm will provide roles and responsibilities as per employee’s interest and
qualification so that they firm well in team work or they are doing work individually. This kind
of working culture develops the overall productivity and profitability of the organisation.
Task culture- Companies where different groups are formed to accomplish the particular
targets or resolve critical issues follow the task culture. In this culture, each member of the group
has to make contribution equally and attain tasks in efficient manner. In Walmart, the
administration can adopt it and form different team to attain a specific aim of the task by using
their all skills and abilities. This will also create favourable impact over firm because when
employees work in team by using their competencies and knowledge then they will perform well
then it improves productivity and performance of the firm.
Person culture- It refers to that culture where workforce feels themselves more important than
the company. In it, employees are more concerned about self rather than the firm. If the company
adopt this culture then workers will just come to the office for the sake of money and never
attached with objective of the venture (Cansoy, 2019). They will seldom have loyalty regarding
management and never take decision in favour of the organisation’s benefits. In Walmart, if
administration will adopt this culture then will not favourably affect enterprise because
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employees will not focus on the success of the firm they will complete their task for getting
money. It will negatively affect team and individual behaviour and performance.
Power
It refers to the authorization that is enjoyed y individual or team of people that are the
main determination devisor for driving the success and development of venture (Mansour, and
Tremblay, 2018). In Walmart, the management of the firm can implement French and Raven
theory to find out different source of power and using appropriate tools of power allocation to
accomplish appropriate result from workers. The detailed explanation of this concept is as under:
Coercive power- It occurs form belief that an individual can punish others for
noncompliance to maintain discipline within the firm. The main and common coercive tools are
threats and punishment. If the management of Walmart adopt this power then it negatively affect
team and individual behaviour and preference in term of the workforce and people leave the
enterprise.
Reward power- If the management of the company adopt this power then the management
will reward its employees for their good and effective execution. Promotions, training, growth
opportunities and others are some kind of reward that can be provided by the administration of
Walmart in term of implementing this power within the workplace. This will positively affect
team and individual performance and behaviour because when people are rewarded for their
good and effective execution then they feel motivated and work for the future growth and
development.
Legitimate power- It generates forms the beliefs that an individual has the formal right to
make demands and to expect others to be submissive and dutiful. This kind of power can be
unstable and unpredictable. In Walmart this power can be create negative impact as if a person
loses the title or position then legitimate power can disappear because the person was influenced
by the position. It will affect team and individual behaviour and performance in unfavourable
manner.
Referent power- It refers to the outcome of an individual’s observed worthiness, rights and
attractiveness to other’s respect. It is not only affiliated with actual abilities and position of
people (Weber, Unterrainer and Höge, 2019). It can create favourable impact over company and
team or individual’s behaviour and performance because when team and people performed well
by considering their observed result then it will help in attaining business objective.
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Expert power- This power is based in high extent of abilities and knowledge of an individual in
specific area. This will create positive impact over Walmart because it assists leaders to direct
from the front by setting examples to the group (Pangil and Nasurdin, 2019). It encourages team
so it positively influences team and individual behaviour and performance in term of increasing
their efficiency.
Politics
It mention to illogical behaviour of people in working environment to gain the benefits
that are beyond their control. Organisational politics lowers the outputs of a person and create
impact over the productivity and profitability of the firm. Due to politics in working
environment, workers fail to attain their set target in set time frame. In Walmart, the
administration of the firm is more vigilant to create an working environment in which workforce
do not get involved in that actions which unfavourably affect employees and enterprise
performance.
To make summarisation of above analysis all these components has favourable and
unfavourable impact on individual of the firm. It is required for management to be more
proactive for effective administration of these components to accomplish high level of
productivity to accomplish organisational objective.
TASK 2
P2. Evaluation of content and process theories of motivation
Motivation is key to make successful any organisation. Its help to growth in any company
and make productive to their staffs its help in the built a strong relationship in the groups. It help
to raise any organisation and help in making effectiveness and efficiency in the employees For
any organisation motivation is work as blood in their company and help in make them productive
as well. It helps in analysis any employee and manager can easily find the motivation level of
any employee.
Content theory help in define the starting needs of any employee and initial factor of human
behaviour while process theory define the pattern personnel in fulfilling the needs and desires
(Blythe and Coventry, 2018). In Walmart, management of company used Maslow hierarchy of
needs to motivate the business operation which is as given below:
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Psychological needs- It mention to basic need of any employee that require to fulfil. In an
organisation employee have basic needs of the food, cloth and shelter etc. If the manager of any
firm is sensitive or active and who can work fairly so that the employee can provide their basic
needs in a systematic manner without any barrier (Brohi and et. al., 2018). It directly affects the
efficiency of Walmart performance. If manager cannot full fill employee basic needs than
company can’t achieve their pre decided goals and objective.
Safety needs- It is the main issue with any employee. In some organisation works are very
hard in that case manager face an issue that how can any employee agree to work in that case.
Safety is main concern so manager has to provide a safe and secure environment to their
employee. This company follows all rules and regulation in that concern to secure the life of
their employee.
Self esteem needs- In this need employee demand for the respect, confidence, knowledge,
and independency. In Walmart all these need provide to their employee on all stages. The
respective firm mainly work on the make a reputation of their employee. So that they can feel
motivated in this organisation.
Social needs- This include the affection, love, belongingness, friendship and other because a
person is a part of society so they have some social requirement. In Walmart, the management
focus on this entire requirement and work on full fill them. It helps in maintain a healthy relation
between employee to encourage them and increase their efficiency.
Self actualization needs- the last step this model, which refer to fulfilment of the self
actualisation. In Walmart employee think about their own growth which helps in fulfilment this
needs. All people have some requirement of personal growth in term of post or salary. So for this
management provide them training and learning session to fulfil this requirement. It help in
increase their skill and knowledge.
Process theory
It includes different concepts Some of them are defined as below in context of Walmart:
VROOM ecprentancy theory.
Valance- In Walmart when employee of the organization executes their work properly. Then
management rewarded them for their best performance (Vignoli, 2018). This is also a type of
encouragement the people who are working in the organisation. It helps in execute upcoming
task in proper way and on time.
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Expectance- This is also a way to motivate their employee. In Walmart administration
department provide effective assets to their employee so that they can perform in better way and
also allocated right person on right place (O'Grady, 2018).
Instrumentality- It state to the probability to attach by the individual with each potential
execution. In Walmart it refers to the expectation and beliefs of the workforce whose execution
will direct to a expected rewarded.
ADAM EQUITY THEORY
It focus on the improving and designing the plans or policies to make balance between input
that are utilized by the workforce an output it mention the used of old process that used by
workers to complete their task. In Walmart employee can used their experience, loyalty, efforts,
hard work enthusiasm and many more. Output is reward bonus, increment, recognition that
provides benefits to the employee. In this organisation employee use their effectiveness to
complete their task and they get reward in return for work.
TASK 3
P3. Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Team and group refer to the unit of specific number of individual where they are executed to
achieve a common or shared goal. In Walmart, when people are performing their task and work
in group then an enterprise is capable to generate more production. There are two forms of team
such as effective and ineffective team (Cui, Liu and Mou, 2018). Effective team mention to the
unit of well qualified and knowledgeable individual who have accurate information about their
goal. In ineffective team, individuals are not well trained and they perform their work as per their
own mind without with considering rules, policies and strategies of team and organization.
Difference among effective and ineffective team
Particulars Effective team Ineffective team
Aims and objectives Within it, each member of the
group effectively known with
the goals and they formulate
plans and strategies to attain
aims and objective or work by
In this kind of team,
individuals are doing their
work in group but not familiar
with aims and objective of the
task. They work according to
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considering them. them (Zhao, Yan and Keh,
2018).
Engagement of individual In effective team, people have
open communication and with
the help of it, they discuss
each thing before executing
the work.
Within it, teammates are not
discussed everything in group.
They doing their work
according their own mind set.
Listening Within it, all the team
members have effective ability
of listening and making focus
n thoughts that are discussed
by other people of the group.
In ineffective team,
individuals are not
concentrating over plans and
plan of action of team
members. They do their work
as per their own ideas.
Tuckman’s theory
This theory generally concentrates on the way by which a company can accomplish its aims
and objectives of the task. This concept consist five stages and the description of them in
reference to Walmart as under:
Forming- It is the first stage in which; the management of respective company can devise a
team by considering skilled and knowledgeable people. The company can frame this kind of
team to accomplish the aims and goals of the venture.
Storming- In this phase, people of the group making interaction with each other and started
trusting each other. In Walmart, individual who are performing in the group, communicate each
other and transmitting ideas and thought in context of accomplishment of aims and objectives.
Norming- In this stage, all the member of team performs their work adequately. In respective
firm, team member formulate plan of action and implementing them in their assigned work to
accomplish the objective of the task in appropriate manner (Gorman and et. al., 2018).
Performing- In Walmart, in this phase, team members understand the aim and vision of the
team and provide their support to other individual of team to do their work. So that they can
achieve the goal of the task by using effective plan in appropriate manner.
Adjourning- It is the final phase, when the task has been performed, then team can be dissolved
(Larki, Tahmasebi and Reisi, 2018). The individual who perform well are rewarded by the firm
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and who could not accomplish effective outcomes or performed well are trained by offering
training program so that they can make development in their skills.
Belbin Theory
This concept includes several kind of role of individual and the brief explanation of them
in reference to Walmart as below:
Action oriented roles
Sharper- It refers to those people who are highly focused on the work that is assigned by the
management of the company. In Walmart, people of this role can focus on shaping their work so
that they can perform it in set time duration.
Implementer- In respective firm, employees of this role are practical organiser. When they
perform in team, they develop strategies & plan and share their ideas with others so that people
who are working in group can do their work in appropriate manner.
Complete finisher- It mentions to those individual that are responsible to frame strategies
and policies because they are well known with unfavourable impact. They play and crucial role
by determining the security so that they can frame strategies to hand over things to others during
the time of complexity.
People oriented role
Coordinator- It states to individual who play an effective role in enterprise to led and
organizes team of people so that they can do their work in systematic form. In Walmart,
coordinator refers to leaders and managers who play an important role of coordinating
employees so that they can do their work properly and make effective participation in the
development of venture.
Team worker- It indicates to workforce that is chosen by the enterprise to complete the task
by performing in group. In Walmart, team members play their role effectively by using their
abilities and cognition regarding accomplishment of the objective of assigned task.
Resource investigator- It states to those people who provide required resources and frame
strategies to meet the objective of task (Wilkins, Butt and Annabi, 2018). In respective firm, it
mention to manager who offer needed resources to employees so that they can perform their
work in proper way by attaining objective in amended form.
Thorough oriented role
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Planter- In Walmart, the people of this role are creative and innovative. When people are
facing issues during the time of performing assigned work in team, they ask to leader of plan
person regarding solution resolve the problem.
Monitor evaluator- It refers to those people who have abilities of thoughtful, sensible and
critical thinking (Nightingale, 2018). These individuals are able to monitor the performance of
employees when they are performing in a team. So that, they can be rewarded as per the
evaluation of their execution.
Specialist- In Walmart, this role of people are leaders and administrators and expects who
provide information to employees regarding their task and when they are doing work in team to
achieve business goal. They provide suggestion regarding plans and strategies that are devised
for completing work and attaining objective.
It has been determined from the preceding defined information that Tuckman’s theory is
an effective concept because by implementing this theory, the management of Walmart can form
an effective team of skilled and knowledgeable people of the firm who can contribute in
accomplishment of the business goals and objective of the firm in improve way.
TASK 4
P4. Apply concepts and philosophies organisational behaviour
Organisational behaviour is considered as a procedure in which the attitude and behaviour of
individual person within business organisation. There are different elements like value, traditions
as well as belief and many more. The main purpose of manager is to accomplish vision and
mission of company. In reference of Walmart, the top management adopt various concepts as
well as theories which are going to be mentioned below:
Business Condition: In reference of Walmart, present context of business firm is not so good
because there is a lack of communication among the subordinates which imposes direct impact
on the productivity as well as profitability level at workplace (Tang, Chan and Shen, 2019)
(Cansoy, 2019). It creates conflicts and grievances among the member of team that affects vision
of the business organisation. To tackle with these situations in an effective manner, the
supervisor adopts Path Goal Theory which is mentioned below:
Path Goal Theory
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Path goal theory emphasised on identifying different style of leadership in order to
accomplish goal and objective in short span of time. In context of Walmart, the business firm
encourage subordinates towards boosting the productivity level a workplace.
Categorization of Path Goal Theory
Employee Characteristics: In relation of Walmart, it is important for top management to
analyse the need and requirement of subordinates in order to encourage them regularly
(Mansour, and Tremblay, 2018). This creates positive atmosphere within business organisation
and encourage them towards achieving vision and mission n stipulated time period.
Environment and Task attributes: It is important for the manager of Walmart to assess
the issues and problems which is faced by the employees at workplace. And also they focus on
resolving these issues in order to generate positive atmosphere within business organisation.
Therefore, it helps in increasing the performance of employees at workplace.
Leadership Behaviour: In the process of path goal theory, the manager choosing the most
appropriate style of leadership in order to analyse the behaviour of subordinates as well as other
factors. Therefore, it helps the manager of Walmart in achieving goal of business organisation in
an actual manner. There is different kind of leadership style which is going to be mentioned
below:
Supportive Style: In this leadership style, the manager of Walmart provides support to its
employees in order to increase their performance level within business firm.
Achievement Style: Herein, the leader of Walmart focuses on performing the business
activities and function in such a manner that helps in achieving goal and objective of
organisation.
Directive Style: In this style, the leader provide direction to its subordinates for performing
the task in an effective manner
Participative Style: Hereby, the manager of Walmart provides opportunities to employees to
take participate in the decision making process which will be beneficial for the success of
business firm.
From the above mentioned leadership style, the top management of Walmart adopt the
Participative style of leadership for motivating employees towards the goal and objective of the
business firm (Weber, Unterrainer and Höge, 2019). It helps them in boosting sales as well as
profitability level in upcoming time period.
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CONCLUSION
This has been summarised form the above mentioned data that organisational behaviour is
an effective aspect that determine the information about the behaviour of human beings that how
they can influence the business of a company when they are work in a group of individually.
Power, culture and politics also play an effective role in growth and development of the
company. If the power is in right hand the positively affect the firm in term of success. By using
different concept of motivation, the organisation can encourage people so that they can properly
engage with the firm and work for the development of it. Effective team are also play an
important role in the growth of the ventures. Appropriate leadership concept also assists in
leading the people and directing them to do their assigned work in systematic manner.
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