unit 12 organisational behaviour assignment sample

UNIT 12
ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................3
LO 1...............................................................................................................................................3
P1, Analysing the way an business power, politics and culture effect person and team
behaviour ..................................................................................................................................3
LO 2...............................................................................................................................................6
P2 Evaluating the way content and process theory of motivation enables accomplishment of
desired objectives in relation to business. ...............................................................................6
LO3................................................................................................................................................8
P3. Identification of characteristics of an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team . 8
LO 4.............................................................................................................................................13
P4. Concepts and philosophy of organizational behaviour....................................................13
CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour can be referred to as the way people behave employees behave
in a firm. It can also be considered to be as principles which are applied for making the
business to run in effective manner. The study of organizational behaviour assist in developing
the understanding about nature as well as activities of people in an enterprise. Organizational
behaviour can also be defined as the study of human behaviour in business setting. I In addition
to this, other intention of studying the organizational behaviour is to analyse the effect of
environment at workplace on the behaviour of workers in an enterprise. The benefit of study on
organisation behaviour is that it assist in addressing the reason for the inappropriate attitude of
employees towards company or management.
Study emphasizes on analysing the influence of power, politics and culture on
behaviour of workers in Marriott hotel. It is basically an American international company
which is operating business in Hospitality sector. Report also have focus on evaluating the way
content and process theory of motivation enables accomplishment of business goals.
LO 1
P1, Analysing the way an business power, politics and culture effect person and team
behaviour
Study of Organization behaviour includes analysing the actions as well as behaviour of
people. The main objective of study on the organizational behaviour is to develop the
understanding about the way interaction between employees takes place with an enterprise
setting.
Politics is basically an informal activity which are executed by an individual with a
motive of influencing the other people at workplace. An individual engage themselves in
politics for accomplishing either their personal or organizational goals. Some people in Marriott
hotel might get involved in politics for achieving either higher management position or for
gaining the power. In relation to Marriott hotel, some workers in an enterprise get involved in
the politics just to come in the limelight and for gaining the attention of management. Politics is
considered to be as an inappropriate behaviour of employees.

Political activities promoted at workplace can have both positive and negative effect on
persons and business performance of company. Politics also could have adverse effect on team
behaviour as well as performance within an organization (Pradhan, Dhar and Kumar, 2018.). It
is the factor which can give rise to conflicts among team members that further have negative
effect on the performance of group members. It is required by manager in Marriott hotel to
develop the understanding about the fact that Political environment at workplace could lead to
the high level of dissatisfaction among the workers. It can also give rise to various issues such
as high employee turnover rate due to which firm might face difficulty in achieving desired
business goals. It is the political environment at workplace which lower the output as well as
eventually adversely impact the productivity. In context of Marriott hotel, it has been analysed
that employees those who engage themselves in politics have less concentration on their work.
Due to the lack of focus on work because of political environment many of people fail to
achieve the target. It is the politics which has adverse influence on culture as well as
environment at workplace. Politics spoils the relationship between workers working together in
team, effect of which can be analysed team as well as business a performance of company. In
context of Marriott hotel, some workers in an enterprise has manipulated the information as
they were engaged in the politics because of an enterprise has failed to achieve the desired
target.
Power can be referred to as potential of an individual to influence other people within
an organization. It can also be defined as capacity of person to motivate their subordinate for
changing their behaviour. There are different types as well as sources of power these are :
Reward power : it is the power which is provided by management in an organization to an
individual for their outstanding performance in specific field. Reward power is given to an
individual on the basis of an individual ability to perform specific task in appropriate manner.
Coercive Power: it can be defined as potential of an individual in an organization to punish
employees. Manager or leaders with this type of power force their subordinates for performing
particular tasks. Use of such type of power by manager or leader in an organization has
negative effect of the behaviour of their subordinate (Olivier-Pijpers, Buntinx and Nieboer,
2018. ). It is required by manager or leader in an enterprise to develop the understanding that
utilization of the coercive power can have negative effect on the performance of their
subordinates. In relation to the Marriott hotel, manager or leader in an enterprise can make use

of coercive power for controlling the behaviour of workers at workplace. As use of this power
will assist manager in making sure that all the regulations and policies are being followed by
employees.
Legitimate power : Such type of power is gained by an individual at work place on the basis of
their position within an enterprise. Both management and employees shows their mutual
consent that an individual has right to influence the behaviour of other people. In relation to the
Marriott hotel, manager or leader delegate such type of power to subordinate during the time of
heavy workload.
Referent power : Such type of power is gained by person on the basics of their personality. An
individual with charismatic personality are given with such type of power. Such types of power
is given by manager in Marriott hotel for positively influencing other people to enhance their
personality (Mansouri, Singh and Khan, 2018. ).
Expert power: It is the power which is given to an individual on the basis of the knowledge
posses by them related to execution of specific task. It is the power which is given by
management in Marriott hotel to an individual for motivating other people for developing
learning attitude.
Organisational culture can be referred to as underlying assumptions of different people
at workplace that makes significant contribution to creation of unique social as well as
psychological environment. According to handy, there are basically four type of organisational
culture these are :
Power Culture: It is the form of organizational culture where only few people in an
organization are given with power to influence other people. In context of Marriott hotel, as
top-level mangers in an enterprise only has authority to make decision. In power culture the
performance of workers are measured in terms of their achievements. Such type of culture have
positive effect on an individual as well as team behaviour. Employees generally feel motivated
and satisfied from their jobs. The main benefit which has been gained by Marriott hotel in
context of power culture is that it has enable management to make quick business decision.
Role culture : Such types of culture is supported by rules. Role culture is created on the
detailed business structure. Management in organization clearly defines the roles as well as
responsibilities of each individual related to completion of specific task. Earlier, Mariott hotel
has this type of culture, but due to some sought of issue management in an organization has

decided to bring improvement. The main problem with role culture is that it lead to the delay in
decision-making because of which company has to face losses.
Task Culture: In relation to the task culture, special type of team is developed for solving
particular business issues faced by company. The changes are made in a team based on the
status of the project. Working in a team can be helpful in context of increasing productivity as
well as promoting creativity (Pan, Tan and Askool, 2018 ). In context of Marriott hotel,
management in an organization can take high initiative for developing such type of culture, as it
will help them in encouraging people to become more creative.
Person culture : In company with such type of culture, all workers in an organization
considered themselves to be talented and highly skilled. Business entity simply exists for
people to work.
Hofestede cultural dimension theory mainly emphasizes on determining dimensions in
which the culture varies. According to this, hypothesis there are 6 categories which defines
culture. The following six dimensions are :
Power distance index : It is basically extend to which less powerful employees in an
organization accepts the power is distributed unequally . Unequal distribution of power lead to
the dissatisfaction in others employees.
individual verses collectivism :“degree to which people in a society are integrated into
groups.” Individualistic societies have loose ties that often only relate an individual to his/her
immediate family. In context of Marriott hotel, manager in an enterprise promotes team work.
Uncertainty avoidance;The uncertainty avoidance index is defined as “a society's tolerance for
ambiguity,” in which people embrace or avert an event of something unexpected, unknown, or
away from the status quo. In relation to the Marriott hotel, management in an organization
provides employees with power according to their positions as well as talent. It is the policy of
company which motivates people to improve their performance at workplace.
Masculinity verses Femininity : It can be referred to as a preference in society for
achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material rewards for success. In relation to the
Marriott hotel, an organisation provides equal treatment to both men as well as women, this
policy of company has enabled employees to feel motivated .

Long tern orientation verses short term orientation: It is the dimension which is related to
connection of past with present as well as future challenges. For instance, if an individual
have to face challenges then it might lead to high level of dissatisfaction in workers.
Indulgence verses restraint : It can be defined as extent of independence which extend of
freedom which societal norms which enables an individual to fulfil their human desires.
Indulgence can be referred to as society which enables relatively free gratification of basic as
well as natural human desire related to enjoyment of life. In relation to the organization, if
employees are provided with freedom to perform the task by using their own method, then such
factor have positive effect on employees' behaviour as well as performance.
LO 2
P2 Evaluating the way content and process theory of motivation enables accomplishment of
desired objectives in relation to business.
Content theory of motivation mainly emphasizes on analysing the way human needs
change. It is the hypothesis which mainly emphasizes on interim variables which has significant
influence on behaviour of people. Content theory of motivation mainly focus on identification
of factors which inspires people to perform specific activity. The two content theory of
motivation are :
Ma slow theory of motivation: It is the theory which dictates that people feel motivated when
there all needs are fulfilled. According to the ma slow hierarchy of need theory when following
needs such as psychological, safety, social, esteem and self actualization needs are fulfilled an
individual feel inspired. As per Maslow theory of motivation, the different needs which
manager in an organization is required to fulfil are :
Psychological needs : These are basic needs such as food, shelter, water that are needed in
order to live normal life, According to the ma slow need theory, manager in Marriott hotel need
to provide good working conditions as well as proper salary, as it will assist them in providing
high level of satisfaction to workers. This tactics will also assist management in motivating
employees to retain their job for long time,
Safety needs : as per the Ma slow hierarchy of need theory, management in Marriott hotel are
required to provide safe as well as secure physical environment to their employees. As by

developing the safe as well as secure environment management can enable workers to
concentrate on their core tasks.
Social needs: Such type of needs include love, belongingness, friendship etc. In context of
Marriott hotel, such types of needs by an individual have great effect on person willingness to
build the strong relationship with other people. In relation to Marriott hotel, manager in an
organization is required to provide team work so that employees can get a chance to develop
interpersonal relationship with each other which is much important in order to feel motivated at
workplace.
Self esteem needs: it is basically a requirement of receiving the appreciation, recognition from
seniors . The human resource manager in Marriott hotel should appreciate as well as reward
employees for their good performance, as this tactic will assist them in positively influencing
other people to improve their performance at workplace.
Self actualization needs : Such types of needs includes willingness to become better person in
life. In context of Marriott hotel, the manager in an organization should provide employees with
training as well as development of workers, as it will provide them an ease in positively
influencing people to increase their participation in business activities.
The ma slow theory of motivation is based on assumption that a substantially satisfied
need no longer motivates; it is the lowest level of ungratified need in the hierarchy that
motivates behaviour;
Herzberg's theory of motivation : According to this hypothesis, there mainly two variables at
workplace which can have significant influence on the motivational level of individual these
are hygiene as well as motivational factors. Hygiene variables at workplace include features of
working environment, business policy, working conditions, interpersonal relationship among
workers etc. In relation to Marriott hotel, manager in an organization is required to pay fair
wages or salaries to employees, as it will provide them an ease in positively influencing people
remain committed to their work as well as loyal towards organization.
Process theory of motivation
It is a motivational hypothesis which emphasizes on analysing the factors which
influences an individual to make specific decision. Process theory of motivation mainly have
focus on analysing the procedure through which people feel motivated. It is a hypothesis which

is based on assumption that attitude which is posses by an individual is basically outcome of
decision-making procedure. The two type of process theory of motivation are :
Vroom expectancy theory : It is the hypothesis which states that an individual motivation is
derived from following factors one of it is expectation that an efforts put by an individual will
led to success. Other hope is that they will get reward for making their significant contribution
in generation of positive results. The third factors which motivates an individual at workplace is
attractiveness off outcomes (Hashim, Hamzah and Umar, 2018.). Vroom expectancy theory is
supported by various assumptions that high initiative taken by an individual will assist them in
achieving the high standard of performance. In context of Marriott hotel, management in an
organization need to take high initiative for fulfilling the needs of workers. In addition to this,
manager or leader in an enterprise should put their all efforts in meeting the expectation of
workers, as this statics which help them in building string bond with employees which is very
much essential for long term sustainability and growth of an enterprise.
Adam theory of Motivation : It is hypothesis which states that employees working an
enterprise make comparison of work, costs of their activities, Benefits that will result to the
contribution and benefits of the reference person. Adam theory of motivation is based on
assumption that if in case an individual believes that their input-output ratio is incompatible
with other people, it is the factors which provides an individual with encouragement to put their
high initiatives for eliminating the differences. In context of Marriott hotel, manager in an
enterprise is required to provide equal training as well as learning opportunities to all
workers, so that they can also make their contribution in accomplishment of business goals.
Among all the four theory, Maslow hierarchy need theory is more effective in
improving the level of motivation among employees. Once all the basic needs are fulfilled
employees feel highly satisfied as well as motivated.
LO3
P3. Identification of characteristics of an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Tuckman theory : It is the hypothesis which highlights the stages when members in a
team develops maturity as well as ability to perform their task without the supervision or

guidance of their leader. As per this hypothesis there are four phases involved in the
development of team these are :
Forming: At this phase of team development, members in a group are generally dependent on
their subordinate or leaders in order to get direction and guidance. It is a phase where all people
in a group are unaware about their liabilities as well as duties. In relation to Marriott hotel,
manager or leaders are required to answers the questions asked by their subordinates. The
leaders or manager in Marriott hotel at this phase can adopt the telling style.
Storming : In this stage, all the people working in a group are highly concerned about
establishing their position in a group. All the team members takes high initiatives for gaining
the power. Compromise are made by people for achieving progress. At this phase of team
development procedure, manager or leaders in Marriott hotel are required to clearly define the
roles as well as responsibility of an individual so that they can make their significant
contribution in achievement of desired business goals (Paull and Whitsed, 2018. ). It is a phase
in team development procedure where leader in Marriott hotel can utilize the coaching style.
The manager or leader in Marriott hotel is required to providing training to their subordinate.
Norming: At this phase, there is high level of mutual agreement with each other. All the roles
as well as responsibilities are clearly distributed to all team members. In relation to the Marriott
hotel, manager or leaders in an organization at this stage can delegate less important decisions
to their team members. In addition to this, manager or leaders in an organization can conduct
the different activities in order to enable employees to develop strong relationship with each
other which is very much crucial for driving team towards accomplishment of success. Ait is a
stage in team development procedure when team members in a group have discussion on
procedures as well as working styles. At this phase of team development, leaders or managers
in Marriott hotel can adopt participative leadership style, as it will provide them an ease in
analysing the performance of their subordinates.
Performing : At this stage, all the members become aware about the purpose of team
development and objectives of the activities which are performed by them. It is stage in team
development, where all member in a team develop potential of performing their respective tasks
without the supervision and guidance of team leader (Graves and Sarkis, 2018). At this stage of
team development procedure, leaders in Marriott hotel can adopt the delegation leadership
style, as at this stage all the team members gain the potential of performing all the activities.

Adjourning: It is the stage where the group beak up is being done after the successful
completion of task. At this phase of team development procedure, all the people working in a
group have feeling of accomplishment. In relation to Marriott hotel, manager is required to
celebrate as it will assist them in positively influencing people to continue participating in such
type of projects in the future also.
Illustration 1: Tuckman theory
(Source: Tuckman: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing model,2019)

Belbin Theory : According to this hypothesis there are nine roles and every member in
a team is required to develop the understanding about the duties of other people as well. It is
the theory which states that every effective team is required to have access to all nine roles that
is very much essential for becoming high performing team. The nine team role are :
Resource investigator: The role of resource investigator working in a team at Marriott hotel is
to share innovative ideas with team members in context of improving team performance.
Team workers: Role of team workers in a group at Marriott hotel is to perform all the tasks
according to the instruction given by leaders.
Coordinator : The role of coordinator in a team is to facilitate coordination between team
members that is very much essential in order to drive group towards accomplishment of desired
objectives. It is the duty of coordinator to delegate work to all members in appropriate manner.
Plant: It is the duty of plant in a team is to solve the different issues faced by team members
(Sari, 2018. ) .
Monitor evaluator: The role monitor or evaluator in a team is to make impartial judgement. In
addition to this, it is the duty of monitor evaluator is to evaluate the different strategic options
that can be implemented for accomplishing desired team goals.
Specialist : It is the duty of specialist to share the information about the key area with their
team members.
Shaper: Role of shaper is to make sure that to provide team members with proper training . In
addition to this, it is duty of shaper to make sure that all member in a group have complete
concentration on their work.
Implementer: It is the duty of implementer is to formulate as well as implement plans or
strategies.
Complete finisher: The role of complete finisher is to make sure that all the task has been
completed according to the established quality standards. It is the duty of complete finisher to
address the errors and make corrections accordingly (Kiruja and Mukuru, 2018. ).
Difference between an effective as well as ineffective team
An effective team is a group which is made up of two or more people those who work
closely with each other for accomplishment of common purpose.
Ineffective team is a group which doest not have an ability to achieve set target.

In relation to effective or high performing team all members in a group are aware about the
objectives of the tasks which are being performed by them. On the other hand, In context of
ineffective team , only few people in a group are aware about the purpose of work being done
by them.
Marriott hotel, an organization have an effective team as all the members in an
enterprise make their significant contribution ion achievement of desired business objective.
Whereas, Only few people take high initiative for driving group towards accomplishment of
target.
In effective team all the members in team have mutual understanding as well as
agreement (De Vito, Cianci, and Mujtaba, 2018). On the other hand, There are high level of
conflicts among people in ineffective team.
Leaders make decisions by having discussions with all team members. Whereas, leaders
take decision without facilitating the discussion with other people in a group.
LO 4
P4. Concepts and philosophy of organizational behaviour
Step 1
Path Goal theory is based on specific leadership style which helps the firm in managing
concepts of organisation behaviour which comprise social system, motivation, individual
difference, etc. To manage positive behaviour of employees at workplace leading style play an
essential role in managing coordination and cooperation in employees’ activities. The theory
comprises of four type so leading style that is directive, supportive, participative and
achievement oriented.
Step 2
Tesco can imply use of participative leadership style because in accordance with this
leading person aim at involving workers in decision process. Encouraging employee
participation with leading is the best way to remove roadblocks and provide support and
coaching to staff. This is required in Tesco to boost coordination among diverse employees for

common business goals (Barbaranelli, Fida and Tramontano, 2018). As per Hertzberg
motivational factor Tesco can focus on managing leading with reference hygiene factor where
it is important to provide equal and healthy working conditions to employee’s in order to boost
their interest in workplace activities. Further, firm can focus on motivational factors where
leading person will have to encourage staff participation by or organising recognition activities.
In accordance with Adam theory of motivation leader can focus on training and coaching of
which will aid in improving individual skills and will also support informal workplace
relationship of staff. Managing participative leading with Adam motivational factor will assist
Tesco in improving employees as well as organisational productivity.
Formation of team in Tesco is done with the help of Tuckman group development
theory and therefore in first phase which is forming team. In this company will implement use
of participative leading where individual employee will be allowed to share their interest in
work according to specification of task. Further, in storming stage employee will be allowed to
interact informally by which leader of Tesco will be able to forecast coordination of diverse
employee and need of changes in division of work (Jacobs and Goodman, 2018). Analysis if
group informally in storing stage is second phase which will depict achievement of common
business goals. The third phase of plan will be forming where directive leading will be
implemented to divide team work with clarity and with specific rules. In fourth phase that is
performing supportive and achievement leading style will be implemented to focus on
employee’s motivation and job satisfaction and successful completion of group work.
Participative leading in first and second phase of team formation is effective as leader
play an important role as in this leader of Tesco work with employees and ideas and opinions in
decisions. This style supports inclusion of employee’s suggestion which will assist in effective
team storming. Further, in forming phase directive style is suitable because it aids in providing
employees clear guidelines about the processes and communicate them about the expected
outcome of task. Apart from this supportive and achievement oriented leading in performing
stage is necessary to be focused because supportive style will assist leaders of Tesco in paying
attention to needs and well being of employee when working which will aid in managing
motivation of needs. In addition, achievement- oriented leading is effective for attaining set
goals by setting challenging task and making employees work independently.

Step 3.
It has been recommended that the manager should set some short as well as long term
goals fort their employees, as it will help them in positively influencing workers to increase
their working efficiency. In addition to this, management in Marriott hotel is provided with
suggestion to provide training to workers, as it will assist an organization in increasing the
productivity.
CONCLUSION
It has been summarized from the above report that the culture prevailing in an
organization have significant effect on performance as well as behaviour of an individual and
team performance. The other thing which has been found is that politics can have both positive
and negative effect on team performance. It ha been concluded that in relation to effective team
, all the team members work closely as well as coordinate with each other for accomplishing
common objectives.
There are different leadership style has been suggested which can be adopted by leaders
at the different stages of team development procedure.

REFERENCES
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Paull, M. and Whitsed, C., 2018. Why authenticity in corporate and employee volunteering
matters for employee engagement: an organisational behaviour perspective.
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Graves, L.M. and Sarkis, J., 2018. The role of employees' leadership perceptions, values, and
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Kiruja, E.K. and Mukuru, E., 2018. Effect of motivation on employee performance in public
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De Vito, L., Cianci, M. and Mujtaba, B.G., 2018. Employee motivation based on the hierarchy
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ONLINE:
Difference Between Effective and Ineffective. 2019. [ONLINE]. Available
through:<http://www.differencebetween.net/language/difference-between-effective-and-
ineffective/> .
The Nine Belbin Team Roles.2019. [ONLINE]. Available
through:<https://www.belbin.com/about/belbin-team-roles/> .

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