Influence of Culture, Power and Politics on Individual and Team Behaviour and Performance

This report discusses the influence of culture, power, and politics on individual and team behaviour and performance in an organization. It explores various theories and techniques related to motivation and effective team building. The report also examines the philosophies of organizational behaviour and their impact on organizational performance.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1. Influence of culture, power and politics on individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................3
LO 2 ................................................................................................................................................5
P2. Motivational theories and techniques ...................................................................................5
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................7
P 3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.................................................................7
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
P 4 Philosophies of organizations behaviour...............................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour refers to study of both group as well as individual
performances. This area examines behaviour of humans in the work environment and helps in
determining its impact on the performance , motivation, communication, leadership etc. It
primarily shows behaviour of individual towards achievement of organisational goals. The major
objective of this is to build a better conceptualisation of organisation life (Griffin,2020).
Sainsbury is the second largest chain of supermarkets in UK. Its product range from groceries to
clothing to homewares and also have electrical products, provide varied range of financial
services as well. Present report will address to organisational culture and motivational theories
and how does it influence on the performances & behaviour of individual and team. It will make
brief analysis of what makes a effective and ineffective teams. It will also demonstrate concepts
of organisational behaviour in context to given business situations.
LO 1
P1. Influence of culture, power and politics on individual and team behaviour and performance.
Culture plays a vital role in influencing the behaviour and performance of an individual
and team. Culture can be defined as the customs, ideas and social behaviour of particular society
or people. In the context of organisation, culture is the collection of values, practices and
expectation that inform and guide action of the all the members in a team (Wood, 2016).
Handy's model- This is one of the model of the organisational culture which may help company
in achieving team and individual goals leading to effectiveness in company operations. This
model has four different types of culture:
Power- This type describes power which is
being held by few members whose influence
spreads to whole organisation. Employee's
performance is judged on what they achieve
and not on how they act.
Role-This type describes culture based on
rules. All are highly controlled where each
member knows what is their role &
responsibility. Power is being derived from a
person's position where people have delegated
authorities.
Task- This is formed when teams are formed Person- This describes that individual see

in an organisation to address for a specific
problem . In this type power often shifts
depending upon status of the problem.
themselves as superior and unique in
the(Wood, 2016) organisation. The employees
work according to themselves and organisation
exits in order to let it people work.
Company must adopt role type of handy model as it describes rules which an individual
is abide to follow which will maintain maintain discipline and will help employee in knowing
what is their responsibility towards organisation (Chumg,2016).
Power is an essential component of an organisation as it refers to the capacity of an
individual influencing the behaviour of other individual. This could be excercised through the
authority in an organisation which is being derived when an individual is superior in organisation
which derives decision making.
French and Raven's theory of power-
This theory of has identified 5 bases of power.
Coercive This theory uses threat of force to gain compliance from others. The main idea
behind this is someone is forced to something which an individual is not desired
to do
Reward It can be defined as right of individual to offer or deny rewards to others for doing
what is expected out of them.
Legitimate It comes from selected, elected position of authority. This type of power depends
upon the position in a hieraeffective
achievement of goals
in an orgarchy of authority.
Referent This power is being gained by an individual who has strong interpersonal
relationship skills. This power is particularly important as individual emphasis on
building relations rather than commanding.
Expert It is the use of knowledge by individual to get subordinates follow orders or
instructions.

Company should adopt referent theory of power as it may help in developing a good
culture in the organisation and will help in developing positive vibes towards working in an
organisation.
Politics in the organisation are self driven that employee's use to gain positive outcomes
in an organisation. It is serving for the personal interest without any regards to its impact on the
organisation. Organisational politics refers to set of activities which uses influential tactics to
improve upon personal interest or organisation interest.
The result of organisational politics leads to company performance in a negative manner
where the organisational goals are not met efficiently and effectively. It leads employee's in
engaging to activities which are deviant which leads employee's to demotivation, increasing the
level of stress and changing the attitude towards work. This will affect company productivity as
its employee's will not be focused and will lack concentration which will lead to mistakes being
committed by employee's. Contrary to this the major impact of organisational politics will lead to
efforts of hard working employee's not being noticed as politics will lead to laziness among some
employee affecting the work of serious employees.
LO 2
P2. Motivational theories and techniques
Motivation refers to driving force which affects alternatives choice. It leads employee's
towards goal oriented behaviour. This is the process of stimulating actions of people towards
accomplishing goals. It can ber self driven and could be derived from external sources as well
(Anderman,2020).
Content theorEquity theory y
It defines system of needs that motivates people to take action. This theory focuses on
what motivates people which can be a need which is required to be satisfied.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
In context to company achieving its goals it is required by the company to follow some
needs stating as
Physiological needs- This are basic or survival needs of the company such as access to funds,
ability to transact business(customers), revenue generation, product quality etc.
Security needs- This needs of the company are needs such as growth, profitability, marketing
etc. without which company cant think of executing its business operations.

Social needs – The need for the business in this is to build relationship with customers, network
with suppliers, make employee's engagement which will help company in building trust among
its parties. Equity theory
Esteem needs- This needs are related to recognition for a company which can be through
diversification of operartions, market leadership, expansion and others Equity theory
Self actualisation needs- This are the companies need such as CSR activities, innovation and
creativity in companies products and services, research.
Maslow's theory help in achieving organisational goals as it help in supporting new and
challenging task of the company, stretch people with new work, helps in understanding how
relations are build which leads to productivity of employees, helps in recognising about brand
awareness and continuously motivating it's employee's towards achievement of the same.
Process theory
It explains system of ideas of how an entity changes and develop. It can also be referred
as psycological behavioural processes that motivates a person to act in certain manner.
Equity theory
This theory explains whether the distribution of resources is equitable or fair. This can be
measured by comapring the benefit and ratio of contribution amongst each person. This theory is
co-related to perception of fairness, equity and justice practiced by management. It simply relates
to inputs being produced is equal to outputs received. Higher the level of fairness higher will be
the motivation level of employee. This theory demonstrate that individuals are concerned for
both their rewards as well as what ot(Griffin,2020)
hers get in their comparison. They expect fair return in the contribution made towards their job.
Employees who feel they are not treated equally will try to reduce the inequity by distorting
inputs or outputs.
Equity theory of process helps in achieving organisational goals as it helps in retention of
employee's which is through minimising the exploitation between the employee's which helps in
saving the cost which can be incurred on training the new hires. It helps in attracting talents
because employee's want to be associated with the the company which treats them equally. It
will also help in developing better relationship between employee's as they are aware that they
will not be treated fairly.

LO 3
P 3 Effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Good functioning is very important for the company to have and for that there has to be
good team work so that the performance of the company can be improved. There are two types
of teams one being effective team and the other one ineffective team which are present in market
and would be discussed in the further report.
Effective Team
There is going to be a generation of a lot of ideas, innovations and creativity which is
going to be present and make the company have a unique feature in the organization so that the
standards of the organization will increase in bazaar (Wiepking and de Wit, 2020). Due to
experienced skills and knowledge in the workforce this factor is present which has to be taken
care of so that there is going to be better functioning.
Ineffective Team
There are going to be a lot of misunderstanding, conflicts and productivity which is going
to be present in the organizations which are having ineffective team work. The goals and
objectives of the organization are not going to be met and the company will lose their objectives
and goals on time which is not good for the portfolio and brand image.
Difference between ineffective team and effective team
There are different objectives and goals but effective team work is very essential in all
kind of businesses so that they can be achieved. The management and leaders of the company
have to make sure that the employees get what they need and the quality and standards of the
services are matching the expectations of the customers.
Tuckman’s Theory
Tuckman gave a theory for business which can be implemented at all the stages and make
the company achieve their goal and objectives and is being used by Sainsbury’s from time to
time.
 Forming stage
It is very important that the distribution of the tasks is done effectively and the right task
or objective is given to the right employee so that the standards and targets will be matched.
There has to be good planning which needs to be present in the organization so that there is
going to be proper clarity (Sendjaya and et.al., 2019). The employees have to get clarity so that

they can get direction and the time management for achieving the objectives is going to be
present and Sainsbury’s gets good profitability.
 Storming Stage
The employees are allowed in Sainsbury’s to give in their input but this process is going to
create more ideas and conflicts which is going to be there and the problems have to be solved for
good functioning. There have to be better decisions which have to be made so that the
productivity in the organization can increase and Sainsbury’s is going to have good performance
in the market.
 Norming Stage
The employees have to have a good understanding of one another so that there would be
effective and efficient working in Sainsbury’s. The employees have a good relation and mutual
understanding which is making the organization have good functioning.
 Performing Stage
The employees must be ready to work with one another and the conflicts between hem
should be solved so that there is going to be a higher competitive advantage which the
organization in going to have in market.
Factors Affecting Effective Team
 Communication
The roles and responsibilities are distributed to all the employees effectively and
efficiently without being unfair so that there is going to be clarity of working and also the
environment in which they are working is going to be positive (Kappo-Abidemi, Iwu and Allen-
Ile, 2017). There are going to be less conflicts and misunderstanding which is going to help the
company be able to operate effectively and achieve the goals and objectives easily in the market.
There would be good productivity and operations are going to be strong so that the market is
going to have good functioning which is good for a long run of the business in this competitive
market.
 Team size
The larger the group, there would be more conflicts which are going to be present in the
organization therefore it is very important to divide the team into small groups so that the
company can achieve the tasks and not have misunderstandings and conflicts. The competition in
the market is anyways increasing which will have to be controlled so that there is going to be

better operations which are taking place (Khan, Memon and Ramayah, 2018). There are ideas
and creativity which is going to increase if there is going to be better operations which are going
to be there in the organization. The understanding in a small group is always higher and that will
get in a better understanding for the employees in the organization.
 Leadership
Sainsbury’s has hired a very good team of leaders in the organization so that there is
going to be good monitoring and controlling of the employees which are in the company. The
leaders get the employees motivated and clarity is given out to them so that they know how to
operate in the market which is going to make the standards and reputation of Sainsbury’s
increase in the market (Hosseini and et.al., 2020).
LO 4
P 4 Philosophies of organizations behaviour
It is important to understand the behaviour of the performance and employees in the
organization so that the standards and quality of the products are going to be matched. The report
is going to discuss the theories and philosophies which can be applied to Sainsbury’s for better
standards and reputation in the market (Jena and Pradhan, 2018).
Path Goal Theory
There must be a good clarity and direction which needs to be present and for that there
are a lot of theories and methods which can be used by the organization for daily working as
well. The managers and leaders have to make sure that there is a good implication of this factor
in the business.
 Supportive leaders
The leaders have to make sure that there is a good working environment for the
workforce and the performance of the employees has to be well maintained. The objectives and
goals have to be met and for that the leaders have to make sure that the employees are accepting
the changes which are coming in the organization and the leaders have to guide them when and
where they need it the most and are not being able to cope with the changes (Odor, 2018).
 Directive Path
To achieve the goals and objectives there must be good distribution of roles and
responsibilities which needs to be present by the managers and leaders of the organization so that

the company can have better portfolio for themselves in the market. The demands of the
customers are increasing which Sainsbury’s has to match so that there is going to be better
operations which can take place in the organization. The employees also have to be monitored
and controlled so that there is going to be a good understanding and achievement which would
be present in the company and make the organization have more sales and productivity in the
market.
 Participative Leaders
Leaders have to make sure that the distribution of work is done fair and there is a good
participation of all the employees in the task to be achieved. Sainsbury’s workforce is very
dedicated to the work which is why they are self motivated making the company have a good
and positive environment for everyone to work in so that the targets of the organization can be
met (Fuentealba, Liu and Li, 2016). For a long run this is important because conflicts in the
employees and relationships can be maintained by this factor and the company can have good
functioning.
 Achievement
The targets for the company are set but there must be a good communication as well
which needs to be present so that the business can operate accordingly. The trust and loyalty
must be there in the employees on the leaders so that the leaders will be able to control and
monitor them so that there would be good functioning (Saoula, Johari and Fareed, 2018). The
leaders have to make the pressure on the workforce lesser so that there is going to be better
operations and performance which can take place. The leaders have to monitor the employees as
well so that they know if the employees are being able to achieve the tasks which have been
allotted to them so that there would be good functioning.
Custodial organizational behaviour model
There has to be good performance and operations of the workforce which will have to be
controlled and monitored so that there is going to be better operations which is going to be there
in Sainsbury’s. There are a lot of financial packages which are being provided to the employees
so that the satisfaction and motivation in the employees is going to be there in the organization.
There are retirement plans, incentives, and healthcare, etc privileges which are being provided to
the employees so that the company is going to have good functioning and satisfaction level of the
customers is going to be present in the organization (Frempong, Ahenkora and Asamoah, 2016).

There are a lot of safety and security measures as well which Sainsbury’s has taken for the
employees of the organization and so for the customers of the organization so that the portfolio
and standards of the organization is going to improve.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that there has to be good balance which is
required in the internal factors of the organization so that there would be a good impact on the
external factors of the organization. There has to be good control and monitoring of the
employees of the organization so that the goals and objectives of the organization are met. There
are a lot of targets and the competition in the market is also increasing which will have to be
monitored so that there would be a good functioning which is going to be present. There is a
standard, reputations and portfolio which the organization will have to monitor so that there
would be good functioning and the company will be able to operate effectively. Workforce helps
the organization be able to operate and perform better in the market which is why they have to be
controlled and changes in the business have to be done according to them so that there would be
a higher sale and good satisfaction of the customers as well.

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