UNIT 12 OB Report

This report examines the impact of organizational culture, politics, and power on individual and team performance. It analyzes various motivational theories and techniques, compares effective and ineffective teams, and discusses different philosophies and models of organizational behavior.

UNIT 12 OB

INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour is the study of human nature in its settings, interface between
person and business entity. It is result of a research that individual behave primarily in their job
roles. One of the main goal of it is to revitalize organizational theory and make a better
conceptualization in business life. This is the important part of organization to identify
knowledge of application in company (Arnold, Fletcher and Daniels, 2017). Spatial Plc is a
leading software organization which want to expand business across the world. It uses the latest
technologies to produce product and services to maintain healthy and safe working environment
for employees.
Report will be describe the impact of organizational culture, politics on individual
performance. This report will explain different motivational theories and techniques, which is
helpful to accomplish company goals. Comparison between effective or ineffective team will be
done Report will discuss about important concepts and models in business.
TASK 1
P1. An organization's culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance
Culture of an organisation includes experiences, expectations, practical theory, the values
that guide employee’s behaviour and is show in member image, internal working environment,
interactions with outside world. Culture is based on shared beliefs, rules, attitudes and customs.
Good organizational environment provides a space to its employees at workplace. This culture is
considered as an inner part of growth and dedication of an individual towards the goals and
objectives. Its environment makes negative and positive impact on employees' behaviour and
performance.
A healthy and safe working culture provide a surety to individual that seniors and
management do care about followers happiness and always ready to fulfil their valid
requirements for organization's revenue. In Spatial, plc individual feel satisfied and happy
because of caring nature of their managers, they do work more efficiently and try to give their
best to accomplish targets of organization (Burrell and Morgan, 2017). This kind of caring nature
of management helpful to build an individual's clear mission and vision and make them aware
about company's higher expectations from them, which generate positive waves inside the
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business entity. Maintain a positive organization culture is not easy for management. They need
to apply planning and strategies to build a healthy culture, to increase the individual performance
level and generate a positive behaviour towards others employees, which is a good sign for
company growth. Organization has to take care of employee’s personal growth and increment.
Culture in an organisation like Spatial Plc can be better understand by Handy's model of
organisational culture. It includes power culture that is hold by very few individuals in the firm.
Power can be used by managers in a positive and negative way. Positive power culture influence
the efficiency of people. Role culture is basically where the individuals are given with different
type of role to perform. Task culture where the team are form in order to address specific
problems and finding their solutions
Influence of organization politics on individual behaviour and performance
Employees play politics to come in the limelight and gain superiors attention or
appreciation from the management. It refers to irrational behaviour of a person at workstation to
obtain benefits which are out of control from their hand. Not a single person has gained anything
out of it, instead this increases negative ambience in organization.
Effects of politics on individual-
Decrease in overall productivity-
 It reduces the output of an individual and impact on the productivity of the organization.
 An observation says that individuals who play politics at workstation pay less attention
on their work.
 They are interested in making each other feel low. They spend a numbers of hours to
criticizing other employees.
Political employees of Spatial Plc generally play politics at workstation to ruin other image in
front of management.
Spoils the ambience
 Political persons in organization spread negative waves among other employees.
 It spoils the good relationships amongst individual. An individual who play politics at
workstation disliked by others.
 An individual of Spatial Plc, who always play politics at workplace spread negative
energy in organization.
Affects concentration
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 Because of politics individual find difficulty to maintain concentration on their work.
They are always tried to spoiling other employee’s image in front of managers.
 An individual who play politics has fewer chances to make mistakes.
Spatial Plc individual loss their concentration to their job because of its political environment.
Increases stress
 Problems evaporate during discussion. Individual finds it difficult to confide in their
colleagues due to fear.
 Trust building is this environment, quite difficult among the employees.
Changes the attitude of employees
 Political environment of organization changes the employees' attitude.
 Serious employees lose their interest in work and attend office for the sake of it.
 There is no matter how much hard work an individual put in, it goes worthless in a
political environment.
 Politics among the employees do not allow them to give their best performance.
 Political employees of Spatial Plc change the others' individual attitude.
Wrong information
 Political employees manipulate information; they never circulate correct news at
workstation which have negative effect on business performance.
 Managers get a wrong image of what is actually happening in the company.
Effects of power on individual-
Superiors of a company has their own working power, they can use it in positive and negative
way.
Positive power
 Encourage productivity- Positive power in a company encourage organization
productivity. This give the employee’s power to take their own decisions, rewarding them
for their performance and hire such a skilled and talented individual whose performance
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can surprised management (Davies, 2018). Spatial Plc management positive decision
making power encourage individual to give their best.
 Motivate employee- Use of power in the right direction encourage employees to do their
job more efficiently and effectively. They work hard to achieve organization predefined
goals. Employee’s retention rate is high in the organization when they work together and
share thoughts or ideas to others.
 Communication- Positive power give the authority to employees that they can easily
communicate with management and others employees. Open communication provides a
bright growth path to organization. Employees working in Spatial Plc easily share their
views with management because of managers free mind mentality and supportive nature.
Negative Power- When managers and employee in a company do not have the respect for each
other, they spread negative power or waves in organization.
 Threat to perform- Misuse of power by managers and seniors is that they force
employees to perform beyond their capabilities. It is a forcefully warning from manager
to them that they have to perform otherwise they will fire by their job.
 Decrease the quality- Because of negative use of power employees feel demotivate
towards their job. Spatial Plc managers negative power decrease the employee's
motivation.
TASK 2
P2. Process theories of motivation and techniques
The content theories are the most useful and earliest methods of motivation in an
organization. These theories make the greatest impacts on the policy of company. Few
motivational theories are below-
Maslow Hierarchy of needs (Content theory) - This theory is a psychology founded by
Abraham Maslow. It focuses on the basic requirements of a human need. It extended idea to
include observation of human body curiosity.
 Physiological needs- These all are the basic requirements for human living like- air,
food, drink, shelter, clothing, sex, sleep etc. If these needs are not available to a human,
his body can't function (Elsmore, 2017). Physiological needs the most required as all the
other necessary requirements become secondary until unless these are complete.
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 Safety needs- It is the second requirement of human. In it they want protection from
security. Law, stability, fear freedom. Spatial Plc provide a secure working culture to its
employees.
 Love and belongingness- After the above two needs have been fulfilled, next human
requirement is social and involves feelings of love. Interpersonal relationships increase
need of love. Like an individual has love and care feelings for their family, partners,
friends and society. Spatial Plc with its caring nature increase this feeling in employees.
They have good and loveable behave to each other.
 Esteem needs- Maslow divided it into two parts: one is esteem for one self like dignity,
freedom. Second is reputation and respect desire from others. Like social status and
prestige. Spatial Plc maintain a respecting working environment.
 Self-actualization needs- In this human realize personal potential, personal growth,
experiences etc. Spatial Plc give a self-actualization platform to employees for self-
analyses.
The Porter- Lawler Model (Process theory) - This model used victor Vroom's theory, they both
came up with a comprehensive motivational theory. It is a model of motivation and combination
of various aspects. It is a multivariate theory which describe the relations between job attitudes
and performance. This is based on person nature-
 Person nature is a combination of individual and environmental factors. They react on
situation according to their personality behaviour.
 Individual is assumed be rational human who take conscious and appropriate decisions
about their working behaviour.
 Every individual has different needs, goals and objectives. They want to achieve them at
their personal level.
 An individual takes alternative decision on the basis of their expectation.
 According to this theory that motivation never equal satisfaction and performance of
individual. This model encounters the traditional assumptions related to healthy and
positive relations between performance and satisfaction of individual.
The elements of porter and lawyer model-
 Effort- It refers to energy level of individual on an assign assignment. Rewards and
perception of employee’s efforts rewards decide the value of their dedication in the task.
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Spatial Plc individual make efforts to achieve their personal and organizational goals.
Company has expectation that employees work hard to accomplish predefined objectives
and will make efforts according to their abilities.
 Performance- Employees efforts decide their performance. Both are may be or may not
be equal. Performance amount is determined by labour amount and perception role of
individual (Goh, Ritchie and Wang, 2017). When employees perform less according to
their ability and set a wrong image perception, performance may be low. Spatial Plc
employees dissatisfied with their performance when they didn't perform according to
abilities. High efforts and low result increase dissatisfaction inside them. Efforts in the
right direction make a positive and effective performance results.
 Satisfaction- Employee satisfaction is leads by performance. Employee’s satisfaction
depends on their achievements. Amount of rewards meet or exceed previous rewards they
feel satisfied by efforts, and it is less than last rewards it makes them dissatisfied. Spatial
Plc individual satisfied with their performance achievements. They work smartly and get
success to accomplish task.
It may be two types- first is intrinsic rewards (these are sense of accomplishment and personal
actualization), and second is extrinsic (it includes working condition or level). Fair research
supports the intrinsic rewards which related to satisfaction and performance compare to extrinsic.
Motivation process of Porter and Lawler is more than difficult to other theories. It is not a simple
task in itself and effect relations because of a complex structure.
Motivational techniques- Motivate individual helpful to improve own and others performance
and productivity. Some employee motivational techniques are below-
 Incentive- Spatial Plc provide incentive to their employees for their good performance. It
is the motivational part of individual efforts (Harper, 2018). It may be in case, rewards,
vouchers and family trip. It keeps them motivated and encourage them to perform well.
 Goals- An organization provide a positive working culture who motivate employees to
do their work efficiently. Spatial Plc has a good environment which helpful to achieve
company targets.
 Solicit employee input- One to one of each employee give freedom to share their views
and thoughts with managers. Spatial Plc conduct parties and culture activities for
employees to show their talent in front of others.
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TASK 3
P3. Comparison between effective and ineffective team
Effective team- An organization become more powerful and strong when its employees
work together under a room. A team called effective when it accomplishes their objectives and
goals with enthusiasm, energy or achieve targets smartly. Skilled and talented member make it
energetic or effective (Arnold, Fletcher and Daniels, 2017). An effective team has some factors
which make it more useful and powerful for organization.
 Communication- Every team want to become an effective and strong but it is not easy
task. To become an effective group, members have to make clear and meaningful
message between them. Two way and open communication between management and
employees build a good and healthy working culture. Managers like to take employees
input before making any important decision. These efforts encourage worker to do work
more efficiently. Individual also enjoy their job and give their best performance to
achieve the organization goals. Spatial Plc managers communicate with employees at
regular basis and want their suggestions before taking any decision.
 Fair pay- When management and leaders treat members equally; they feel secure at
workstation. Employees work hard and smartly to increase organization productivity.
Company pay them according to their efforts and motivate them for improving the
performance. If organization does not pay them fair and smart salary they do not take
interest in their work and may be leave job (Burrell and Morgan, 2017). Spatial Plc
provide a good salary and motivate them for their work achievements. Workers also
dedicated towards their job responsibilities and fulfil the company requirements.
 Effective decision- Good and appropriate decisions encourage individual to give the best
performance. They think that company worried about their happiness and security.
Spatial Plc take decisions which are beneficial for employees. This effective decisions
keep them motivated.
 Objectives- Team has a clear and motivational objective. Workers have to know what
team goal is. A group become effective when every member aware about their goals and
targets. Spatial Plc employees very well known about differences between personal and
professional goals. They have to perform efficiently to accomplish both objective.
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Organization gives such a good working environment to workers which helpful to do
their job appropriate.
 Motivate- Spatial Plc motivate employees for their performance. Organization provides a
good wealth value and encourage them to do effective work. (Cherry, 2017) An energetic
individual perform more compare to others.
Ineffective team- One of the characteristic of an ineffective team is lack of unity and
mutual understanding. Employees work as an individual and always try to perform for personal
goals. They do not have concern with organization objectives. This kind of work strategy build
an unsecure working environment at workstation. Few factors are below which make an
ineffective team-
 Team focus- A team become ineffective when employees do not have focus on their
common goal. They set their own targets and make efforts to achieve them for personal
benefit and work individually or avoid taking suggestions to o others. Spatial Plc
employees make their personal targets and try to accomplish them. They neglect
organization goals and work like a selfish employee.
 Unequal response- When individual not get fair and equal response from management
for the same work they feel demotivated and start to avoid their responsibilities at
workplace. Employees always want a clear opinion for them but if team do not take them
seriously they also do the same and only perform for self. This kind of behaviour create
an ineffective team (Davies, 2018). Spatial Plc managers sometimes do an unfair behave
with worker, which generate negative thoughts in their mind and they make efforts to
achieve their own decided goals.
 Demotivation- Team management not encourage those individuals of organization who
dislike by them. They avoid their efforts and treat them as a looser. Spatial Plc managers
do not appreciate employees for their achievements those they do not like. This behaviour
makes them insecure and they feel themselves useless.
 Lack of cohesion- Another characteristics of ineffective team when members do not
have such mental level to understand each other. They reject thoughts and ideas of others
employee. They all are required training to overcome this negative factor. Spatial Plc
management never want to make such working culture where worker can understand
each other and respect their thoughts or suggestions.
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Effective and ineffective team both are part of organization world but only effective group
perform their work and accomplish company targets and goals.
TASK 4
P4. Concepts and philosophies of Spatial Plc behaviour
Concepts of organization behaviour is result of investigation on individual and group of
people. Organizational behaviour is the most important facts which helpful to interact to people.
Group of individual make an effective planning to accomplish organization goals and objectives.
This the best way to manage business entity and its operation in a proper manner. These theories
are applicable in different groups to increase their productivity to accomplish company targets
(Elsmore, 2017). Here are different philosophies models and theories in business organization to
improve performance of workers, encourage the quality of leadership, appreciate innovative
ideas and suggestions etc. Spatial Plc in this manner achieved its goals with modification of
entire organization structure. Organization develop their model on the behaviour of individual
and team members. The fundamental concepts of organization behaviour are below-
 Individual differences- Every individual has different qualities from others. They are
unique in a million ways and this kind of behaviour build a different personality. This
idea of differences is the result of a psychology. Birth, uniqueness, experience make them
different from others.
 Perception- Individual has their own perception which quite different from others.
Spatial Plc management has been given same project two different people or they both
have their own perception about assignment and present it in their own way.
 Motivated behaviour- An individual has many needs or desires inside them and want to
fulfil those at any cost. Spatial Plc motivate its employees to accomplish their
requirements with well performance in organization. They try hard to achieve their
targets and improve own qualities or keep themselves motivated.
 Value of the person- Everyone has their own value in the company. They all are
valuable and responsible for organization growth (Goh, Ritchie and Wang, 2017). They
make their efforts to fulfil company and own goals. Spatial Plc know what the value of its
employees is and how they are worth for organization.
 Desire for involvement- Employees are hunger to take opportunity to share their views
and suggestions in organization decision making process. Spatial Plc management take
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employees’ opinion before making any changes at workplace. Individual involvement in
organization decision making process encourage them to do their work effectively and
increase company productivity.
 Human dignity- It is a philosophical concept, according to this every person want to be
treated with dignity and respect. Individual of any organization has desire that other
people have respect for him. Spatial Plc manager treat its employees in a good manner
and try to keep them happy. Company appreciate employees’ efforts or has respect for
their try.
There are various models in the Spatial Plc to operate business development process which
are helpful for handle the organization task and performance.
Autocratic- It is the important model which is helpful in management process to manage
business entity in a proper way (Harper, 2018). Spatial Plc is a growing organization which want
to expand business across the world. This model will rely on the power of authority who are
responsible for employee’s performance in company. It is helpful for taking right decisions on
certain situation which is mandatory part to provide the best quality services.
Supportive- This concept is very important to manage the leadership quality which is beneficial
for their followers. Spatial Plc is a software company provides the best facilities to employees to
develop a new products and services which are helpful to introduce innovative goods or increase
organization market share. With this supportive way company can easily achieve its goals and
objectives. HR department organized training and development program for employees to
improve their qualities. It is employees’ responsibilities that they attend training session and
learn new or different techniques.
System model- It is one of the important factor which is helpful to looking overall organization
structure and team management (Karatepe, Ozturk and Kim, 2018). Spatial Plc maintain balance
between the main objectives and goals. It creates strong partnership with manager and staff
member because they both have same goals to accomplish.
Collegial- It is important to do work as a team in organization which is necessary to maintain
corporate culture and build a healthy relation among employees. For this model it is important to
use the best methods to develop individual skills like research and development, the newest
technologies. Spatial Plc is growing organization, business entity uses different combination of
model for improving employee’s performance towards their work and they make efforts to
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achieve goals. Company always want a peaceful working environment, with the help of this
model they can easily manage a team work culture in company.
CONCLUSION
The above report discussed about the impact of organization culture, power on individual
performance. This show the value of individual in an organization. Organization take steps to
encourage employees. They always work hard and smartly to accomplish predefined goals.
Individual performance impacted by company working culture and policies. For the
improvement of worker performance organization adopt different model and techniques, which
encourage them to do work effectively. Sometimes they behave like a selfish person or make
efforts to achieve personal goals. This kind of their attitude towards job responsibilities is not an
appropriate condition for organization. Spatial Plc follow different motivational theories and
techniques to motivate employees and help them in work. Also effective team formation has
helped in achieving organisational goal. Google has able to satisfied employees, individuals and
team by applying various motivational theories. Also with the help of Handy's typology,
organisation was better able to understand the culture existing in their work.
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