This report examines the impact of organizational culture, politics, and power on individual and team performance. It analyzes various motivational theories and techniques, compares effective and ineffective teams, and discusses different philosophies and models of organizational behavior.
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UNIT 12 OB
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INTRODUCTION Organization behaviour is the study of human nature in its settings, interface between person and business entity. It is result of a research that individual behave primarily in their job roles. One of the main goal of it is to revitalize organizational theory and make a better conceptualizationinbusinesslife.Thisistheimportantpartoforganizationtoidentify knowledge of application in company (Arnold, Fletcher and Daniels, 2017).Spatial Plc is a leading software organization which want to expand business across the world. It uses the latest technologies to produce product and services to maintain healthy and safe working environment for employees. Report will be describe the impact of organizational culture, politics on individual performance. This report will explain different motivational theories and techniques, which is helpful to accomplish company goals. Comparison between effective or ineffective team will be done Report will discuss about important concepts and models in business. TASK 1 P1. An organization's culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and performance Culture of an organisation includes experiences, expectations, practical theory, the values that guide employee’s behaviour and is show in member image, internal working environment, interactions with outside world. Culture is based on shared beliefs, rules, attitudes and customs. Good organizational environment provides a space to its employees at workplace. This culture is considered as an inner part of growth and dedication of an individual towards the goals and objectives. Its environment makes negative and positive impact on employees' behaviour and performance. A healthy and safe working culture provide a surety to individual that seniors and managementdocareaboutfollowershappinessandalwaysreadytofulfiltheirvalid requirements for organization's revenue. In Spatial, plc individual feel satisfied and happy because of caring nature of their managers, they do work more efficiently and try to give their best to accomplish targets of organization (Burrell and Morgan, 2017). This kind of caring nature of management helpful to build an individual's clear mission and vision and make them aware about company's higher expectations from them, which generate positive waves inside the 1
business entity. Maintain a positive organization culture is not easy for management. They need to apply planning and strategies to build a healthy culture, to increase the individual performance level and generate a positive behaviour towards others employees, which is a good sign for company growth. Organization has to take care of employee’s personal growth and increment. Culture in an organisation like Spatial Plc can be better understand by Handy's model of organisational culture. It includes power culture that is hold by very few individuals in the firm. Power can be used by managers in a positive and negative way. Positive power culture influence the efficiency of people. Role culture is basically where the individuals are given with different type of role to perform. Task culture where the team are form in order to address specific problems and finding their solutions Influence of organization politics on individual behaviour and performance Employees play politics to come in the limelight and gain superiors attention or appreciation from the management. It refers to irrational behaviour of a person at workstation to obtain benefits which are out of control from their hand. Not a single person has gained anything out of it, instead this increases negative ambience in organization. Effects of politics on individual- Decrease in overall productivity- It reducesthe output of an individual and impact on the productivity of the organization. An observation says that individuals who play politics at workstation pay less attention on their work. They are interested in making each other feel low. They spend a numbers of hours to criticizing other employees. Political employees of Spatial Plc generally play politics at workstation to ruin other image in front of management. Spoils the ambience Political persons in organization spread negative waves among other employees. It spoils the good relationships amongst individual. An individual who play politics at workstation disliked by others. An individual of Spatial Plc, who always play politics at workplace spread negative energy in organization. Affects concentration 2
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Because of politics individual find difficulty to maintain concentration on their work. They are always tried to spoiling other employee’s image in front of managers. An individual who play politics has fewer chances to make mistakes. Spatial Plc individual loss their concentration to their job because of its political environment. Increases stress Problems evaporate during discussion. Individual finds it difficult to confide in their colleagues due to fear. Trust building is this environment, quite difficult among the employees. Changes the attitude of employees Political environment of organization changes the employees' attitude. Serious employees lose their interest in work and attend office for the sake of it. There is no matter how much hard work an individual put in, it goes worthless in a political environment. Politics among the employees do not allow them to give their best performance. Political employees of Spatial Plc change the others' individual attitude. Wrong information Politicalemployeesmanipulateinformation;theynevercirculatecorrectnewsat workstation which have negative effect on business performance. Managers get a wrong image of what is actually happening in the company. Effects of power on individual- Superiors of a company has their own working power, they can use it in positive and negative way. Positive power Encourageproductivity-Positivepowerinacompanyencourageorganization productivity. This give the employee’s power to take their own decisions, rewarding them for their performance and hire such a skilled and talented individual whose performance 3
can surprised management (Davies, 2018). Spatial Plc management positive decision making power encourage individual to give their best. Motivate employee-Use of power in the right direction encourage employees to do their job more efficiently and effectively. They work hard to achieve organization predefined goals. Employee’s retention rate is high in the organization when they work together and share thoughts or ideas to others. Communication-Positive power give the authority to employees that they can easily communicate with management and others employees. Open communication provides a bright growth path to organization. Employees working in Spatial Plc easily share their views with management because of managers free mind mentality and supportive nature. Negative Power-When managers and employee in a company do not have the respect for each other, they spread negative power or waves in organization. Threat to perform-Misuse of power by managers and seniors is that they force employees to perform beyond their capabilities. It is a forcefully warning from manager to them that they have to perform otherwise they will fire by their job. Decrease the quality-Because of negative use of power employees feel demotivate towardstheirjob.SpatialPlcmanagersnegativepowerdecreasetheemployee's motivation. TASK 2 P2. Process theories of motivation and techniques The content theories are the most useful and earliest methods of motivation in an organization.Thesetheoriesmakethegreatestimpactsonthepolicyofcompany.Few motivational theories are below- Maslow Hierarchy of needs (Content theory) -This theory is a psychology founded by Abraham Maslow. It focuses on the basic requirements of a human need. It extended idea to include observation of human body curiosity. Physiological needs-These all are the basic requirements for human living like- air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, sex, sleep etc. If these needs are not available to a human, his body can't function (Elsmore, 2017). Physiological needs the most required as all the other necessary requirements become secondary until unless these are complete. 4
Safety needs-It is the second requirement of human. In it they want protection from security. Law, stability, fear freedom. Spatial Plc provide a secure working culture to its employees. Love and belongingness-After the above two needs have been fulfilled, next human requirement is social and involves feelings of love. Interpersonal relationships increase need of love. Like an individual has love and care feelings for their family, partners, friends and society. Spatial Plc with its caring nature increase this feeling in employees. They have good and loveable behave to each other. Esteem needs-Maslow divided it into two parts: one is esteem for one self like dignity, freedom. Second is reputation and respect desire from others. Like social status and prestige. Spatial Plc maintain a respecting working environment. Self-actualization needs-In this human realize personal potential, personal growth, experiences etc. Spatial Plc give a self-actualization platform to employees for self- analyses. The Porter- Lawler Model (Process theory) -This model used victor Vroom's theory, they both came up with a comprehensive motivational theory. It is a model of motivation and combination of various aspects. It is a multivariate theory which describe the relations between job attitudes and performance. This is based on person nature- Person nature is a combination of individual and environmental factors. They react on situation according to their personality behaviour. Individual is assumed be rational human who take conscious and appropriate decisions about their working behaviour. Every individual has different needs, goals and objectives. They want to achieve them at their personal level. An individual takes alternative decision on the basis of their expectation. According to this theory that motivation never equal satisfaction and performance of individual. This model encounters the traditional assumptions related to healthy and positive relations between performance and satisfaction of individual. The elements of porter and lawyer model- Effort-It refers to energy level of individual on an assign assignment. Rewards and perception of employee’s efforts rewards decide the value of their dedication in the task. 5
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Spatial Plc individual make efforts to achieve their personal and organizational goals. Company has expectation that employees work hard to accomplish predefined objectives and will make efforts according to their abilities. Performance-Employees efforts decide their performance. Both are may be or may not be equal. Performance amount is determined by labour amount and perception role of individual (Goh, Ritchie and Wang, 2017). When employees perform less according to their ability and set a wrong image perception, performance may be low.Spatial Plc employees dissatisfied with their performance when they didn't perform according to abilities. High efforts and low result increase dissatisfaction inside them. Efforts in the right direction make a positive and effective performance results. Satisfaction-Employee satisfaction isleads by performance. Employee’s satisfaction depends on their achievements. Amount of rewards meet or exceed previous rewards they feel satisfied by efforts, and it is less than last rewards it makes them dissatisfied. Spatial Plc individual satisfied with their performance achievements. They work smartly and get success to accomplish task. It may be two types- first is intrinsic rewards (these are sense of accomplishment and personal actualization), and second is extrinsic (it includes working condition or level). Fair research supports the intrinsic rewards which related to satisfaction and performance compare to extrinsic. Motivation process of Porter and Lawler is more than difficult to other theories. It is not a simple task in itself and effect relations because of a complex structure. Motivational techniques-Motivate individual helpful to improve own and others performance and productivity. Some employee motivational techniques are below- Incentive-Spatial Plc provide incentive to their employees for their good performance. It is the motivational part of individual efforts (Harper, 2018). It may be in case, rewards, vouchers and family trip. It keeps them motivated and encourage them to perform well. Goals-An organization provide a positive working culture who motivate employees to do their work efficiently. Spatial Plc has a good environment which helpful to achieve company targets. Solicit employee input-One to one of each employee give freedom to share their views and thoughts with managers. Spatial Plc conduct parties and culture activities for employees to show their talent in front of others. 6
TASK 3 P3. Comparison between effective and ineffective team Effective team-An organization become more powerful and strong when its employees work together under a room. A team called effective when it accomplishes their objectives and goals with enthusiasm, energy or achieve targets smartly. Skilled and talented member make it energetic or effective (Arnold, Fletcher and Daniels, 2017). An effective team has some factors which make it more useful and powerful for organization. Communication-Every team want to become an effective and strong but it is not easy task. To become an effective group, members have to make clear and meaningful message between them. Two way and open communication between management and employees build a good and healthy working culture. Managers like to take employees input before making any important decision. These efforts encourage worker to do work more efficiently. Individual also enjoy their job and give their best performance to achieve the organization goals. Spatial Plc managers communicate with employees at regular basis and want their suggestions before taking any decision. Fair pay-When management and leaders treat members equally; they feel secure at workstation. Employees work hard and smartly to increase organization productivity. Company pay them according to their efforts and motivate them for improving the performance. If organization does not pay them fair and smart salary they do not take interest in their work and may be leave job (Burrell and Morgan, 2017). Spatial Plc provide a good salary and motivate them for their work achievements. Workers also dedicated towards their job responsibilities and fulfil the company requirements. Effective decision-Good and appropriate decisions encourage individual to give the best performance. They think that company worried about their happiness and security. Spatial Plc take decisions which are beneficial for employees. This effective decisions keep them motivated. Objectives-Team has a clear and motivational objective. Workers have to know what team goal is. A group become effective when every member aware about their goals and targets.Spatial Plc employees very well known about differences between personal and professional goals. They have to perform efficiently to accomplish both objective. 7
Organization gives such a good working environment to workers which helpful to do their job appropriate. Motivate-Spatial Plc motivate employees for their performance. Organization provides a good wealth value and encourage them to do effective work. (Cherry, 2017) An energetic individual perform more compare to others. Ineffective team-One of the characteristic of an ineffective team is lack of unity and mutual understanding. Employees work as an individual and always try to perform for personal goals. They do not have concern with organization objectives. This kind of work strategy build an unsecure working environment at workstation. Few factors are below which make an ineffective team- Team focus-A team become ineffective when employees do not have focus on their common goal. They set their own targets and make efforts to achieve them for personal benefit and work individually or avoid taking suggestions to o others. Spatial Plc employeesmaketheir personal targetsand try to accomplish them. They neglect organization goals and work like a selfish employee. Unequal response-When individual not get fair and equal response from management for the same work they feel demotivated and start to avoid their responsibilities at workplace. Employees always want a clear opinion for them but if team do not take them seriously they also do the same and only perform for self. This kind of behaviour create an ineffective team (Davies, 2018). Spatial Plc managers sometimes do an unfair behave with worker, which generate negative thoughts in their mind and they make efforts to achieve their own decided goals. Demotivation-Team management not encourage those individuals of organization who dislike by them. They avoid their efforts and treat them as a looser. Spatial Plc managers do not appreciate employees for their achievements those they do not like. This behaviour makes them insecure and they feel themselves useless. Lack of cohesion-Another characteristics of ineffective team when members do not have such mental level to understand each other. They reject thoughts and ideas of others employee. They all are required training to overcome this negative factor. Spatial Plc management never want to make such working culture where worker can understand each other and respect their thoughts or suggestions. 8
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Effective and ineffective team both are part of organization world but only effective group perform their work and accomplish company targets and goals. TASK 4 P4. Concepts and philosophies of Spatial Plc behaviour Concepts of organization behaviour is result of investigation on individual and group of people. Organizational behaviour is the most important facts which helpful to interact to people. Group of individual make an effective planning to accomplish organization goals and objectives. This the best way to manage business entity and its operation in a proper manner. These theories are applicable in different groups to increase their productivity to accomplish company targets (Elsmore, 2017). Here are different philosophies models and theories in business organization to improve performance of workers, encourage the quality of leadership, appreciate innovative ideas and suggestions etc.Spatial Plc in this mannerachieved its goals with modification of entire organization structure. Organization develop their model on the behaviour of individual and team members. The fundamental concepts of organization behaviour are below- Individual differences-Every individual has different qualities from others. They are unique in a million ways and this kind of behaviour build a different personality. This idea of differences is the result of a psychology. Birth, uniqueness, experience make them different from others. Perception-Individual has their own perception which quite different from others. Spatial Plc management has been given same project two different people or they both have their own perception about assignment and present it in their own way. Motivated behaviour-An individual has many needs or desires inside them and want to fulfilthoseatanycost.SpatialPlcmotivateitsemployeestoaccomplishtheir requirements with well performance in organization. They try hard to achieve their targets and improve own qualities or keep themselves motivated. Value of the person-Everyone has their own value in the company. They all are valuable and responsible for organization growth (Goh, Ritchie and Wang, 2017). They make their efforts to fulfil company and own goals.Spatial Plc know what the value of its employees is and how they are worth for organization. Desire for involvement-Employees are hunger to take opportunity to share their views and suggestions in organization decision making process. Spatial Plc management take 9
employees’ opinion before making any changes at workplace. Individual involvement in organization decision making process encourage them to do their work effectively and increase company productivity. Human dignity-It is a philosophical concept, according to this every person want to be treated with dignity and respect. Individual of any organization has desire that other people have respect for him.Spatial Plc manager treat its employees in a good manner and try to keep them happy. Company appreciate employees’ efforts or has respect for their try. There are various models in the Spatial Plc to operate business development process which are helpful for handle the organization task and performance. Autocratic-It is the important model which is helpful in management process to manage business entity in a proper way (Harper, 2018).Spatial Plcis a growing organization which want to expand business across the world. This model will rely on the power of authority who are responsible for employee’s performance in company.It is helpful for taking right decisions on certain situation which is mandatory part to provide the best quality services. Supportive-This concept is very important to manage the leadership quality which is beneficial for their followers.Spatial Plc is a software company provides the best facilities to employees to develop a new products and services which are helpful to introduce innovative goods or increase organization market share. With this supportive way company can easily achieve its goals and objectives. HR department organized training and development program for employees to improve their qualities. It is employees’ responsibilities that they attend training session and learn new or different techniques. System model-It is one of the important factor which is helpful to looking overall organization structure and team management (Karatepe, Ozturk and Kim, 2018). Spatial Plc maintain balance between the main objectives and goals. It creates strong partnership with manager and staff member because they both have same goals to accomplish. Collegial-It is important to do work as a team in organization which is necessary to maintain corporate culture and build a healthy relation among employees. For this model it is important to use the best methods to develop individual skills like research and development, the newest technologies.Spatial Plc is growing organization, business entity uses different combination of model for improving employee’s performance towards their work and they make efforts to 10
achieve goals. Company always want a peaceful working environment, with the help of this model they can easily manage a team work culture in company. CONCLUSION The above report discussed about the impact of organization culture, power on individual performance. This show the value of individual in an organization. Organization take steps to encourage employees. They always work hard and smartly to accomplish predefined goals. Individualperformanceimpactedbycompanyworkingcultureandpolicies.Forthe improvement of worker performance organization adopt different model and techniques, which encourage them to do work effectively. Sometimes they behave like a selfish person or make efforts to achieve personal goals.This kind of their attitude towards job responsibilities is not an appropriate condition for organization.Spatial Plc follow different motivational theories and techniques to motivate employees and help them in work. Also effective team formation has helped in achieving organisational goal. Google has able to satisfied employees, individuals and team by applying various motivational theories. Also with the help of Handy's typology, organisation was better able to understand the culture existing in their work. 11
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