Unit 16 –Operations and Project Management

Operations and Project
Management
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 A review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles in an
organisational context. ...........................................................................................................3
P2 Continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operation management
principles with an organisation. .............................................................................................6
PART 2............................................................................................................................................8
P3 Apply each stage of the PLC to given project, producing necessary supporting
documentation for completing the project. ............................................................................8
P4 Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the project using
appropriate theories, concepts and models...........................................................................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17
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INTRODUCTION
Operations management assures that the business will operates in effective and efficient
manner and it may supervise the functions that modify an input signal into end product. For
approx 100 years, Hammond Manufacturing have the inflammable demand for electrical goods
of all types its also a global company with customers universal . The company started in 1916
located in Guelph, Ontario, Canada and became the first company in Canada with prime provider
of transformers, racks and cabinets in addition of enclosures for the electronic manufacture.
During the 1950's and 1960's the company had generated many possibilities for new products
and various changes. Through the last few period of time the company enlarged its concentration
on the U.S. and international markets. The company offers the wide range of modular products,
versatile services and technological support that ensures the worldwide growth of agents and
distributors that creates the broad network (Ahmed and Jiang, 2018). As per review the role of
project management and the operation management get together to share the goods, product and
knowledge-based to assure the positive result in the business. The roles are also complementary
that ensures single individual that possibly essential for extended planning and supervising and
they are frequently tackle the minor points.
MAIN BODY
PART 1
P1 A review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles in an
organisational context.
Operations management plays an important role in business management operations.
Operational activities consist of various activities that are planning, organising, controlling of
resources and labour which results in providing goods and services to the customers. Operations
management is the field where it concentrates on planning, organizing and supervising which
discourse of manufacturing, production or the services as it ensures the inputs that successfully
placed into outputs in the effective manner that represents objective which is essential for the
equipment and technological way to encompasses by the staff or the workers (ALSHEBLI,,
2017). It must able to interpret the series of chain within the company to get the serial flow of
management this sense refers the character which straight away related to the stipulation series of
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management. As review of Hammond manufacture the operations management embrace the
clear secretion between the roles of an operations managers in various well-defined companies.
 Accountability: Accountability is the worldwide advisory and standards dedicated that
works with the business, investors, administrative body and bilateral organisations that
submit the common goal to achieve the possible task in result of business practices and
focus on their performance which obliged effective and efficient results that enables their
client to achieve the targets. The main focal point for knowing accountability in the
organizations while most of the organisation are approving the strategy and many well-
formulated strategies are no wisely adjusted into the fact that managers have the
progressively difficult the time to getting everything on the equal align when it covers the
main carrying into action of the strategies (Basbar, Al Kharusi, and Al Kindi, 2016).
 Organization: Each of the activity which are processes in the organisation that are
related to one another including corporations, administrative body, international
organisation, partnership, cooperatives, etc. the Hammond manufacture operates with
legal formalities that depends upon legal power including coordinating and administrative
bodies with the common goal in mind which express the casual way that counts every
action do by an organisation both legal and illegal that indicates the firm objective.
 Causality: It refers the relation between personal effects and justification which is
supported by well-planned and satisfy structural observational manner as like the
Hammond manufacture that would provide a platform or base for the better agreement of
signals that could move faster and this break causality because this would allow a signal
to be sent across the fixed period of intervals (Chen, and He, 2018). The causalities
enclosed in management that classify the efficiency, redrafting of powers, etc. that cause
in the mechanized view of the universe which discovered the outlook.
 Change: Every individual in the firm usually acquire market change which frequently
involves the regular consumers, targeted customer and hence it may also includes the
constant manner to work with in the objective of achieving the targets and goals. Some of
the workers will hold the dynamic process while other will aware it by uncertainty which
could possibly lead to the actions. Managers should be kept in mind between outlook of
the process that affects the specific affairs other than the new technology that possess
the change in suppliers which regards the faculty that need to understand the value of the
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equation to ignore the error that leads the background and the valid purpose for change
the identity that involves the process of briefly and clearly enhanced while of this
collaboration that sets it regards to Hammond manufacture when people feel pressured to
make too many transitions at levels of management (Cui, Li, and Hao, 2016). The
dynamic value of change can be important cause of tension, and when individuals feel
tension, the company mental state may undergo with the addressed worker fear, state and
emotions that possess it in the management.
 Lean production: This method is used for reducing the waste and increasing the
profitability of business. Hammond manufacturing managers innovate new ideas and
methods to implement them on the various products of the business to earn profitability
and revenue. As by using this method company can able to minimise it s wastage. there
are following aspects of lean manufacturing:
 Value: Mangers of Hammond manufacturing company research before lancing of any
new product in the market. As they provide quality of goods and services and also
provide affordable cost of the product they produce.
 Value stream: Managers of Hammond company focuses on the supplier and customers
satisfaction as they produce those products which are required by them and also evaluate
the performance of product after the delivery of product.
 Flow: According to this principle, managers are responsible for evaluating the level of
wastage to overcome uncertainties in future. They follow breakdown structure to increase
its level of production.
 Pursue perfection: Managers of the company identifies the suppliers demands and needs.
And they produce those products which are required by the customers.
 Six Sigma: Six sigma is defined as the concept which was founded in 1980. it is
collection of techniques or tools which are used by the company increase the quality of
products and services they produces by minimising the wastage and cost (Fang, Guo,
Wen, and Huang, 2017).
 Measure: This is process in which managers of the company focuses on the launching
and producing of the electric product.
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 Analyse : This step involves the issues and problems which are to be faced by the
employees while producing an electric product. Managers neds to analyse ad evaluate
the issues which is to be faced by them and accordingly make improvements.
 Design: Managers design effective plans and strategies to introduce their products in the
market. Company introduce some ideas and innovations to expand their business and
generate competitive advantage in the market.
 Verify: This is the last step which is to be followed by the company as company verifies
the designs of the product they manufacture. They make sure where the product is
suitable by the customers or suppliers or not. Or there will be some improvements
needed.
There are various advantages and disadvantages of Lean manufacturing as it helps the
Hammond manufacturing company in reducing wastage, increasing competitive advantage and
satisfying work conditions for the workforce working in a company. Disadvantages of lean
manufacturing is that it sometimes create work frustration and results in inefficiencies of workers
working in business environment.
There is an another method used by Hammond manufacturing that is JIT. It is a method which is
suggested by various companies to reduce waste from large inventories. By this money is also
saved by eliminating wastage from company.
P2 Continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operation management
principles with an organisation.
Continuous improvement helps the organisation in making changes and improvements in
the company. As Hammond manufacturing company limited manufactures a variety of electrical
products which includes enclosures, electronic racks, outlet strips, transformers and surge
suppressors. Company is also making continuous improvements to make their products effective
and quality good. Managers of the company are making continuous improvement plans for
performing the activities well and managed (Gazi, 2016). This helps the managers in making
effective plans and managing the activities well behaved in the organisation. The improvement
plan made by the managers of the company to satisfy customer demands and needs is discussed
below:
Sources Principles Outcomes
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Quality Lean manufacturing Hammond manufacturing company managers uses various
types of new and innovative tools and technologies for
producing their products and services. This helps the
managers in improving the quality of products and services
that are to be used by the customers or suppliers. By this
customers feel trust on the company and they will be satisfy
by the production of goods and services sells to them. By
increasing quality of products, company can able to increase
its customer base. For making products and services,
company uses lean manufacturing into its operational
management. This allows company to have beneficial
outcomes and increment in its sales.
Cost Six sigma Managers of Hammond manufacturing company
implemented the principles of six sigma in the workplace
environment for smooth functioning of the operational
process. Six sigma is a collection of tools and techniques
that helps the company in improving its quality of products
and services. If quality of products are improved by using
minimum wastage then this it automatically results in less
cost. Company invest less in other things and thus it
produces appropriate results within a given budget. By this
company can able to manage its cost and thus it earns
revenues and profitability.
Delivery Organisation Company uses effective strategies of marketing to sale there
products. Then it has made some policies and rules to
manage resources in right manner. By this they can able to
reduce the waste coming from the manufacturing products
and they can perform all activities in the organisation
effectively. Company can able to deliver its products to the
suppliers and customers effectively.
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Safety Fundamentals Managers of Hammond manufacturing company considers
all aspects of safety measures in manufacturing and
production process. Managers maintained proper records of
the inventory that helps them in solving those problems and
issues in near future. By maintaining records helps the
company in safety of data and information which cannot be
leaked.
As company needs to conducts its operational activity effectively, it is important for them
to evaluate and analyse the reasons or problems which employees are facing within working in
the business environment. This continuous improvement plan helps in delivering goods and
services effectively to the customers (Graesser, 2019). The various plans discussed above helps
the organisation in performing its all activities effectively and efficiently. Hammond
manufacturing company uses six sigma and lean manufacturing process to improve the quality of
its electrical products. These tools and techniques helps the organisation in eliminating the
wastage and recycling the wastage of products manufactured. These tools and techniques helps
the company in making effective production of electric products with no defects and proper
recording of data and information. In addition, Hammond manufacturing can also use SCM, new
product development, and 5S techniques to manufacture there products. These techniques helps
the company in operating there functions. They can increase profits and revenues by increasing
workforce efficiency and increasing customer satisfaction. They use all these techniques to
manufacture there products in efficient manner.
PART 2
P3 Apply each stage of the PLC to given project, producing necessary supporting documentation
for completing the project.
A project life cycle is the essential factor of estimating new projects in the market.
Various projects which raise rapidly first in the market but as the time continuous they are no
longer survive in the market (Gritsuk, and et.al., 2018). Here the project which is taken is
Crossrail project which is the biggest railway infrastructure projects in Europe and is also
considered as the single investment undertaken in UK. This project of Crossrail delivers the
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Elizabeth line. The latest progress which is seen in this projects is that testing of new trains and
infrastructure is underway. The new Elizabeth line trains are tested using line's new automatic
train control system that operates in the central section of route. Project life cycle helps the
operation manager in evaluating the performance of project. There are various stages that are
followed by Crossrail projects that are discussed below:
 Initiation stage: This is the first stage of project life cycle. Managers of Crossrail
projects examines that they prove that services which is convenient to the customers. As
Crossrail projects launched the railway infrastructure in Europe. Before launching this
mangers of the projects evaluate and analyse the market feasibility. Moreover, managers
of the company analyse the resources which are to be used in the innovation of the
project. They made a proper planning and applied different strategies for establishment of
the railway project. This construction is started to begin several years ago. In which there
were about 15,000 men and women were working on this projects.
 Planning stage: After the initial stage is completed then mangers shift to planning stage
which is most important to conduct business activities effectively. In this stage managers
formulate market planning by using work statement, document initiation etc. Projects
managers appoints workers with the new talents and divide the tasks into smaller parts
and according to the efficiency of each worker. Projects managers ensures that they
identify those skilled workers who can contribute more in the working of the projects. As
discussed above there are about 15,000 men and women workers working on this project.
The cross rail project is delivering the Elizabeth line. This project has started from
several years ago and now it is testing the new railway (Guizhen, 2016). It is done for
verifying the designs and installation of railway systems. They also ensures that there
could be safety measures while passengers travels from the train.
 Execution stage: After planning, then there will be execution stage in which managers
formulate different strategies which re to be implemented on the execution of projects to
make successful objectives and goals. At this stage, new ideas and innovation are taken
into actual consideration and taken into action. In this project managers ensures that task
should be segmented among the workers effectively (Hautala, and et.al.,, 2017).
Managers of the project make sure that planning process and strategies should be
performed as decided in the planning process formulated by them. The formulation of
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these strategies takes a lot time to execute. In this project, managers use Servant
leadership style to execute the task. As in this leader has a responsibility to divide the
work according to the efficiency of workers. Managers and workers both perform there
work effectively and efficiently at the workplace environment.
 Performance monitoring stage: In this stage mangers monitors the performance of
workforce and of the project both. In this stage managers see whether the ideas and
innovations are properly working at the time of performance and also they are properly
followed or not according to the standards made.
 Closure stage: This is the last stage of project life cycle. In this stage, individual or
workers who participate in the creation of projects needs to give necessary documents. In
the case of this railway infrastructure project, the managers need top submit all the
documents related to the infrastructure of railway (Husain, 2016). This completion of
projects takes around 12 years to complete as this is considered as one of the big project.
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Gantt chart: Gantt chart refer to the horizontal bar chart which determines the accurate
schedule of a project (Kwok, and et.al., 2016.). This concept of Gantt chart was given by Henry
Gantt in 1915. this chart is used to give a relationship between schedule and tasks involved in the
project to accomplish that. In this chart, the vertical axis represents the tasks and horizontal axis
represents the time interval. The mangers of this projects execute their task according to specific
time interval. Managers who present this chart in the form of bar denotes the stating and ending
date.
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Business case:
Executive summary: Crossrail is the biggest infrastructure rail projects in Europe. It will
be considered as the largest investment undertaken in the UK. As in this project there is the
delivering the Elizabeth line. Over 1000 apprenticeships have been delivered by this Crossrail
project (Martelli, and et.al., 2018). Then there will be testing of new railway as to verify its
designs and installation of the railway system that is required for Elizabeth line. Managers wants
to achieve the planned targets and objectives that have set within a given time limit and evaluate
market condition. Managers used modern tools and techniques to achieve their targets. Cross rail
programs managers keep regular data and information of the workers working there and also
evaluating their tasks make better business outcomes.
Goal: The main objective and goal of this Crossrail programme is that they should
deliver Elizabeth line (Mugabi, 2017). They goals of them is to satisfy customers in UK and also
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make new innovations and ideas to complete that task within a 13 years. It can be by the end of
2022. By this they can increase their profitability and customer satisfaction. Also, their main
goal is provide safety and reliability to the passengers who travel in the train.
Cost: This is the next factor which identifies the cost of the planned projects. As how
much cost is needed for the accomplishment of the project. This Elizabeth line includes average
of 50km of communications, 50 help points, 750 loudspeakers, 200 CCTV cameras and 65
informational displays. The final amount which is required to complete this project will be
£14.8bn.
Benefits: The benefits of this project is that customers can able to travel at new
destinations and they will be feel safely and secure in this Elizabeth line. Passengers can able to
satisfy with the project of Crossrail (Picheo, and Reed, 2017).
Execution time: After the establishment of the projects, the execution should be done by
the managers on regular basis. As managers regular maintained the performance of the workers
and performance of the projects.
Project plan: Project plan is defined as the structure that is to be followed by
accomplishing several projects and tasks of the Crossrail programme. There are various factors
which are to be considered in completing the projects. These are:
Cost: The main factor which is to be considered before the starting of any project. The
total cost which is to be required in this projects will be £14.8bn.
Scope: By making this line, passengers can able to travel at new destinations and also,
they feel secure and safe in the place they go to travel.
Risk: Mangers of this projects should have a risk of budget,. As this programme requires
efficient budget that is used for making the project. If this budget goes wrong then there will be a
risk factor (ZHANG, WANG, and DING, 2017).
Resources: In this factors, proper resources are used to manufacture this project. In this
passenger travel in those trains and these trains provides quality of product.
Work breakdown structure:
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P4 Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the project using
appropriate theories, concepts and models.
The effectiveness of the project life cycle is based on the various theories and concepts.
These theories and concepts are discussed below:
 Initialisation phase: Crossrail project uses autocratic styles while doing this projects as
in this style leaders or mangers do not take advice of workers to formulate any policies or
in decision making. This leadership style is not used for the small scale projects.
 Planning phase: As in this phase, leader also used autocratic leadership style as in this
also mangers and leaders make the plans and did not involves the innovations of workers
as these in types of projects there are mainly 15,000 workers working on this project on
daily basis (Zhu, and et.al., 2019). So for this managers only needs to make plans.
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 Execution phase: Autocratic style is used in this phase as execution is also done by the
managers. They evaluate and analyse the performance of workers and also see the task
which is to be followed.
 Closure phase: These big budgets projects high amount of workers to work with them
and also they required high amount of cost. In this project there will be a use of autocratic
style because at the end of this projects managers just pay to the workers of there work
and achieve their goals (Zi-min and Authority, 2016). There is no growth and
development of workers there.
Programme theory is a process that explains intervention to understand the chain of
results that helps in conducting actual impact of company. This involves positive and negative
impacts of company and their policies and rules. This theory will helps the mangers of cross
project to know there various impacts on customers. Logic model is a model in which graphic
depiction that makes strong relationship between activities, sources and outcomes of selected
programme. Logical theory is used by the managers to communicate, implement and evaluate the
performance of workers and resources.
Key performance indicators are the measurements that are used to gauge a company overall long
term performance. This helps to determine company financial, strategic and operational
achievements compared to the similar sectors.
Cost : Cost of the project will be £14.8bn. Crossrail project will be the largest project. So, its
cost will also be very high as compared to other projects. It involves 50km of communications,
50 help points, 750 loudspeakers, 200 CCTV cameras and 65 informational displays.
Quality: Quality should be maintained by mangers and owners of the projects. So that customers
cannot feel insecure.
Time: The time limit which is set in this project is within 10 years it will be made.
Scope: By making this customers will be able to travel at any destinations and feel secure and
safe.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is analysed that the administrative body operation management
holds all the activities that is essential to require the verbalize of an organisational goods and
products to its regular purchaser or client. It also identify the function and duties in different
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organisational circumstance that states the main role in the management of operations that bind
up together in the company. The another outcome that undergoes the Hammond Manufactures or
the administrative body that processes it itself the organisation with the orientation that enables
the manager to put close its important perception into the company according to the outlook of
the market performance. By the main overview of the administrative body it extended the system
chain that involves the suppliers, consumers and the external environment that support the
obstructed system that keeps the operation function which is isolated from regular suppliers and
clients by which the open communication system or face to face communication system may
enhance it where the consumers and suppliers pleased to have space because the main goal is to
satisfy the consumers by the impressive production and operation. As the result today
administrative body consider a focussing on superior quality to be they main division of
impressive dealing social control.
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