Understanding and Leading Change

This report covers topics like comparing different organizational examples where there has been an impact of change on an organization's strategy and operations, evaluating the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and individual behaviors within an organization, and more.

Understanding and
Leading Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on
an organisation’s strategy and operations....................................................................................3
M1: Assess the different drivers for change................................................................................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P2: Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team
and individual behaviours within an organisation.......................................................................7
P3 & M2: Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on
organisational behaviour............................................................................................................10
D1: Draw conclusions and recommendations for planning effectively.....................................12
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................12
P4 & D2: Explain different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership
decision-making.........................................................................................................................12
Barriers for change.....................................................................................................................13
M3: Use force field analysis to analyse the driving and resisting forces to influence decision-
making........................................................................................................................................13
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................14
P5. Apply different leadership approaches which deal with the changes in the organization...14
M4. Evaluate that which leadership approaches help the organization to adopt changes
effectively..................................................................................................................................15
D3. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of leadership approaches and model of change .......15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Understanding and leading changes involve the role of participants to overcome the
problem and implement the innovative changes effectively. For the change programme the
internal department or the participant analyse certain external issues like political, social or
organisational issue to carry out business performance effectively (Bin Taher, Krotov and Silva,
2015). So by revitalizing and nurturing the strong culture, an organisation can put their efforts
for the success path. For the better understanding of report Sainsbury company has been selected,
who is the global leader of self service retailing business within United Kingdom. The company
started its business in 1869 and constantly bring up various changes or modification within its
services. This helped to offer pleasant the environment and supreme level of offering on the basis
of changing requirements. It basically uses wide distribution network to approach the local
residence via its retail stores as well as online platform. This report cover certain topics like
compare the different ways by which an organisation can change the strategies as well as
operations of business. Along with that evaluate the drivers of changes that influence
organisational behaviour. Examine the barriers to changes that influences the leadership of
decision making. Further, apply various leadership approaches to take the change initiative are
covered in the report.
TASK 1
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on an
organisation’s strategy and operations
Changes are the prominent part of an organization that embraces the effort of an
employee in order to attain the long term success. This positively affect the organisation by
exploit the opportunity and tap the untapped need of the customer which help them to remain
ahead of the rivalries. The manager of Sainsbury offer training session and organises seminars
so that they can enhance the capability of employee and make them competitive enough to face
the challenging dynamic environment. Hence, this lead the organisation to expand and gain core
competency because they understand the significance of changes and take the calculative risk
effectively.
Comparison on different organisation based on strategies and operations
Organisation1 Changes Drivers of Impact on Impact of

change strategy operations
Sainsbury Technology The evolution of
digital media
bring the
revolution to
carry by day to
day operations of
business
(Coghlan and
Shani, 2015).
Sainsbury for the
convenience of
customer used the
innovative
technology for
which it prepare
the strategy to run
training
programme. This
lead the staff to
use the
customised
software as well
as centralised
database based on
which company
forecast the
customer
responsive and
update their
strategy
accordingly.
Along with that
promotional
strategy and free
delivery services
lead the company
to take positive
actions.
The company
plan out and
implement
strategy to
maintain the long
term relationship
with existing as
well as potential
audiences.
Further, the use
of online
catalogue led the
company to
engage more
traffic via digital
media.

Social and
cultural
environment
Changes are
essential as the
need, preferences
or priority of
customer
regularly changer.
So for this the
perspective need
to be clearly
understand by
company.
The sales
representatives
can either conduct
face to face
communication
with customers or
can explore the
constructive
feedback posted
on the website.
This led the
internal
department to
understanding the
actual perception
of customer.
Based on which
they can build
customer centric
strategies.
The company
realised the
evolving demand
for the healthy
stuffs in
comparison to the
items that are
high in calorie.
So due to which it
concentrate to
provide wider
option range
within organic
and healthy food
items to run the
operations
effectively
(Coghlan and
Shani, 2015).
Organisation1 Changes Drivers of
change
Impact on
strategy
Impact of
operations
Argos Technology As the percentage
of female buyer is
more than the
male buyer in
terms of retail
shopping. So due
to the impact of
The manager of
company prepare
the strategies and
promote its
offering through
customised
advertisement via
Use of
technology led
the company to
face the dynamic
environment and
get the privilege
to deliver the

globalisation
enhanced the
employment
opportunity for
both male and
female. This leads
the company to
drive the potential
changes in the
ways business is
carried out.
social media sites
and its website. It
comparisons to
out supermarkets
like Sainsbury
and Tesco it has
low staff which
completely uses
technologies like
computer system.
products and
services to the
final consumer
within stipulated
period.
Social and
cultural
environment
As Argos has
expanded its
operation within
the geographical
areas of UK as
well as Ireland.
So the role of
market reach is to
gain deep insights
about the
customer
behaviour
otherwise they
may have to bear
negative
implications.
Understanding
the taste of
customer led the
company to
appeal their
interest, for which
it even hire the
skilled workforce
that can help
company to
increase the
footfall of retail
outlet
Effective
targeting strategy
is the useful
technique that can
be used by Argos
company to
articulate the
different
advertisement
champaign fro the
convenience of
customer.

M1: Assess the different drivers for change
Changes refer to acquiring new working pattern or processes to effective cope up the
external factors that can affect the business processes (Coghlan and Shani, 2015). Almost all the
successful organisation embrace changes based on which they prepare new strategies to carry out
the operations and attain the long term firm's objective. These changes take place due to the
drives of external as well internal pressure that led company to think and adopt advance
technique for systematic functioning. For instance, the practical example of changes that was
inculcated by both Sainsbury and Argos company is to bring transition in the business strategy
and operation after enormous dependency of people on the digital media. The top level
management motivate the people to adopt new way of doing work. Therefore, this led the
company to give equal attention to wide customer and gain the suitable result at real time.
TASK 2
P2: Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team
and individual behaviours within an organisation
Internal drivers: It represent the factor, structure, condition as well as events that
generally occur within the boundaries of an organisation. Due to which it hamper the statement
of company its culture as well as leadership style that are typically associated with internal part
of an organisation (Doppelt, 2017). Within Sainsbury company such drivers lead the company to
change the leadership style as well as behaviour of group and team members.
Change Internal Impact on
leadership
behaviour
Impact on
team/
departmental
behaviour
Impact on
individual
behaviour
Measures to
minimise
negative
impacts
Suitable
expansio
n move
Strength To expand the
grocery store
within each and
every corner of
the UK, the
leaders adopted
task oriented
leadership style.
That help the
The team
member
cooperated and
collaborated the
effort with one
other in order
to attain shared
objective.
As the
respected firm
diversified in
the new
geographical
area, this lead
the team
member to
acquire new
To minimise
the negative
implication of
future the
internal
manager need
to take
calculative
risk fro

overall
workforce to
merchandise the
inventory and
fulfil day to day
requirement.
skills as well
as capabilities
further
expansion.
Brand
switchin
g
Weaknes
s
Due to the neck
to neck
competition
affected the
behaviour of
leaders like they
need to
constantly
motivate the
employee to
overcome the
issue of
switching of
customer from
one brand to the
other.
The risk of
competitors
pressure
negative affect
team member
as it restrict
them to achieve
the collective
target of
company
The
individual
need to
understand
the perception
of customer
and help to
enhance
footfall of
store by
formulating
long term
relationship
with customer
To cope up
with brand
switching
issue the
organisation
need to focus
to adopt
differentiated
strategy
(Espedal,
2017).
Expand
in
emergin
g
economi
es
Opportun
ity
As quality
products at
reasonable
prices are
welcomed
everywhere. So
the leader of
Sainsbury can
exploit the
opportunity by
provide training
and
development
session to
personnel.
The role of
team member is
to collective
decide that how
they can
overcome the
hurdles which
company can
experience
while
undergoing
with expansion.
The
individual
behaviour can
affirmatively
influence the
organisation
by putting
forward their
value opinion
for the
convenience
of company.
Negative
impact can be
minimised if
the
organisation
analyse the
external
environment
and its
policies
effectively.
Strong
presence
of
existing
rivalries
Threat The leader with
foresight vision
can assist the
manager to
make creative
strategy and
take the
Team member
works on the
several projects
with the
objective to
attain its
purpose
Individual
play crucial
roles by
acquire the
new way to
work for
smooth
Sainsbury can
only reduce
the negative
affect if they
get the
advantage of
fast mover for

organisation in
right direction
by
differentiating it
with the
competitors
Sainsburys
(SWOT
Analysis,
Competitors &
USP, 2018).
business
operations
which they
need to
constantly
focus on
market
research.
External drivers: As these factors take place outside the organisation due to which it vis
beyond reach. It include emergence of advance technology, changing preference of customer as
well as government regulation which need to be analyse and bring the alteration in the business
process effectively (Iles, 2017). Thus, PEST analyses can help the Sainsbury to gain vivid
information which is explained below:
Chang
e
External Impact on
leadership
behaviour
Impact on
team/
departmental
behaviour
Impact on
individual
behaviour
Measures to
minimise
negative
impacts
Brexit Political
factor
Brexit has leads
to the high
impact on the
leadership
behaviour due
to unstable
market and
uncertainty that
has made the
whole market
slightly
unpredictable.
The team
member need
to collectively
decide the
advance ways
by which
Sainsbury can
overcome the
pressure
associated with
unstable
market.
The
individual
behaviour
highly gets
influenced by
the inflation
and position
of tariff that
has finally
affected
organisation
performance.
Sainsbury
need to
sustain its low
pricing in
order to cope
up with the
decline
purchasing
power of
customer.
Differe
nt
econo
mic
conditi
on
Economical
factor
The different
economic
conditions like
inflation and
recession leads
to moderate
impact on
leadership as it
already offer
goods at
cheaper prices
and customer
can not
compensate the
As Sainsbury
offer wide
range of food
and non food
items under
single roof so
it highly affect
team member
because they
need to mould
their
performance as
per the external
market
Individual
behaviour
gets highly
due to the
diverse
spending
habits of
customer at
different
condition.
Here
organisation
can minimise
the negative
impact if they
adopt
different
promotion
and pricing
strategy for
economical
condition
(Jacobs,
Rouse and

demand of
necessity items.
conditions. Parsons,
2014).
Changi
ng
shoppi
ng
habits
of
custom
er
Social
factor
Constant
changing needs
leads to high
impact on the
leadership
behaviour as
they need to
plan the drastic
changes to gain
abundant
market.
Most of the
families of UK
prefer weekly
bulk buying
led to the
moderation
influence on
the team
member.
The
individual
relatively
experience the
high impact
because even
they need to
leave their old
regime and
come out of
the comfort
zone
Proper
customer
support
services can
be useful for
Sainsbury
company to
overcome
negative
implications.
Digital
media
Technology
factor
Use of online
media to
translate the
information
about offerings
highly influence
the leader to
progressively
put their efforts.
The use of
digital media
has
substantially
assist the team
member to
gain vital data
and carry out
procedure
suitably
Dependency
on online
media has
highly
influences the
individual as
they need to
maintain the
trust of
customer and
minimise the
chances
related to
dissonance
This usually
help company
to get result at
real time
based on
which
strategies can
be articulated
to compensate
negative
affect.
P3 & M2: Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on
organisational behaviour
It is not necessary that the changes only lead to positive or favourable result as there is a
possibility to gain negative implication as well. The manager of Sainsbury can adopt the Burke
Litwin model in order to minimise the chances of negative affect which is explained below:
Burke Litwin model: This model specially helps to deal with the dynamic environment
in order to establi573650933 (1)sh the cause as well as effect relationship (Lopez and Wise,
2015). It consist of the twelve different elements that is useful for organisation to control the
negative affect associated with changes.
External environment: As there are various external factor that can affect the business
performance such as political or social condition. For instance, the other retailers within UK sells

the offerings at low prices so if Sainsbury sets high prices then it will loose its customers. So the
manager of Sainsbury need to analyse the external environment and then plan certain strategy.
Mission and strategy: Based on the vision and mission, the organisation frame the
potential strategy in order to reach out the target market. This finally help the business to cater
the prevailing customer requirements.
Leadership: The leadership role encourages the team member as well as individual to
understand the significance of changes and adopt best policy for the adequate business
functioning. The leader of Sainsbury majorly follows participative leadership style to coordinate
the efforts of overall organisation while brining any changes.
Organisational culture: While coping up with changes and reduce negative implication
of dynamic environment the top managers uses role culture. Here on the basis of capabilities and
skill athe task is allocated to overall members.
Structure: Due to the large size of Sainsbury it has followed functional structure within
which different department such as sales and operation roles and responsibilities are allocated.
During any unfavourable condition different staff can consult with their function head to get the
solution as they have specialised knowledge over their subject (Mayer, 2015).
System: It involve the procedure or set process which is the part of administration that
supports the role of internal staff to restrict the negative implication while adopting the changes.
Management practices: It comprises the use of innovate method, assignment of roles as
well as responsibilities. The manager of Sainsbury analyse the strategy of competitor and use
innovative management practices in order to enhance the effective of business and dealing with
the negative impact of changes.
Working climate: The leaders as well as manager of selected company offer the
favourable environment to the employee. This involve the practices like brainstorming method
that help business to minimise negative implication of changes.
Tasks and skills: The HR manager of Sainsbury company makes effort to select the most
potential employee that remain competitive enough to perform their assigned duties preferable.
Also to adopt the changes the skills of employees are enhanced control negative impacts of
changes within workplace.

Needs and values of individual: To maintain balance Sainsbury need to only adopt the
changes once it gain clarity about the response of customer. Making efforts in right direction
mitigate the chances of risk .
Motivational level: This is the most essential factor which pushes the effort of employee
to gain the most preferable result (NHS England, 2016). Extrinsic motivation can take place by
associating the individual target with various type of benefits like promotion, incentive, appraisal
and so on.
Individual addition to general performance: Here the organisation put emphasis on the
individual performance. For this performance evaluation technique is used that help to gain
constructive information and focuses can be given to enhance the shortcoming for effective
functioning of business.
D1: Draw conclusions and recommendations for planning effectively
It has been evaluated that the changes are an essential part an organisation so specially
the large organisation should explore the advantage that exist in the external environment. Based
on which they should deliver training session to enrich the capability of staff and mitigate the
chances of negative consequences.
TASK 3
P4 & D2: Explain different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership
decision-making
Force field analysis involve the framework that help the management to bring significant
changes on the basis of different factors that led the organisation to strengthen its functioning.
Along with the change management it is the power method that help to resolve the issues that
may act as a hurdle for the workplace. This refer to the state that help to maintain the balance
between the driving force as well as restraining force in order to attain the particular vision of
business. The business usually promote the changes that are associated with the driving force as
well as attempt to restrict the opposite forces that is useful for the different situations of the
business. It comprises of the five steps which are used by managers and are elaboration below:
Change substance: On the basis of effective tool and technique the internal manager of
Sainsbury company determine different ways by which they can analyse and investigates the

essential requirement to adopt the changes. Along with that the future implications are too
determined by the organisation.
Identifying changing forces: At this stage the Sainsbury overview diverse factors or
forces like driving as well as restraining. Based on these the organisation produces effective
strategies in order to overcome the chances of risks.
Identification of forces against alterations: To make the efficient decision for future,
the manager of Sainsbury company identify all the alternatives. Based on evaluation they select
the most desired strategy amongst the alternative to fulfil the objective and gain success in
future.
Score assigning: It is the most crucial practice as score are assigned by the manager for
the selected alternative (NHS England, 2016). On the basis of ranking modifications are made to
attain desired result.
Evaluation and execution: The external environment and the significance if changes are
evaluate by the manger. This further leads to planning out and execution of business activities to
attain long term success.
Thus, it has been analyses that the two different factors of the force field model that is
driving and restraining forces has its own positive and negative effect. The diving factor makes it
possible for business to expand and remain flexible. Whereas restraining factors act as a
constraint that delay 573650933 (1)the processes of business and act as a hurdle to function
effectively.
Barriers for change
Ineffective communication: As the top level team makes all the vital decision which is
again essential for them to communicate with the employees. But somewhere the management
team lacks to communicate the objective with their fellow members which leads confusion and
chaos. Thus it act as barrier that hamper the relationship of employer and employee. Along with
that it affect the functioning of business and affect the profitability even after adopting the
required changes.
Employee resistant: Sainsbury operate in the highly competitive market which make it
vital for them to enhance their functioning and adopt the new ways of doing business operation.
Even the employee understand the significance of changes still they resist or remain less

reluctant to changes (Rodd, 2015). Reason being they gets overburdened by learning new skills
and using them in the real basis.
M3: Use force field analysis to analyse the driving and resisting forces to influence decision-
making
Driving forces is the useful process as it help the firm to widen up its arena and seek for
the changes. This led the company to move across its boundaries and function effectively. The
driving force of Sainsbury are its trained and competitive workforce that remain dedicated to
attain the objective.
Restraining forces are simple the restriction that company faces while undergoing with
the process of change management. This may include the role of external factor such as
government regulations, changes of ineffective communication as well as employee resistance
(Salman and Broten, 2017).
TASK 4
P5. Apply different leadership approaches which deal with the changes in the organization
In order to perform organizational activity in well manner, managers have to follow any
leadership style which provide them clear path regarding how to manage operational functions.
There are various leadership styles which managers can adopt and some of them discussed
below:
Autocratic leadership style: This leadership style is totally different from the
democratic because here managers or leaders make decisions without any suggestion from
employees. Employees point of view neither considered or consulted, they have to just follow the
instructions and perform task accordingly (Soehner, 2015). For example: managers of
Sainsbury's change their employees working shift without giving them prior information or
taking suggestions regarding this.
Democratic leadership style: it is one of most effective leadership style which followed
by the organization where lower level employees have opportunity to express their thoughts
regarding business operations. For example: In a board meeting of Sainsbury's company,
democratic leader will take employees opinion regarding any decision and start open discussion
which help the leaders to make effective decision in context of organization.

By using above mention leadership, manager of Sainsbury's increase their employees
efficiency as well as effectiveness. Company follow the democratic leadership style where
managers take employees opinion before decision making process.
With the help of Lewin Change model, managers able to identify the changes which
organization required and develop necessary changes in order to achieve business goals &
objectives. Adoption of changes will be define in the below mention steps such as:
Lewin Change model:
 Unfreezing: Within this stage the organisation makes efforts to make organisation
understand regarding the significance of changes. Here the message is delivered to the
employee through oral or written communication. The manager of Sainsbury makes sure
at the end of this stage they realise the need to transform the exiting habits.
 Changing: This is also referred as transition stages within which the employee actually
makes practical effort to acquire new and innovative habits to perform the work.
Although they find the difficulty to function with the new perspective. So the role of
managers at this stages counts a lot because they constantly motivate the employee to
suitable learn the techniques.
 Refreeze: Once the employee of Sainbury embraces the innovative way of working and
shape the essential changes (Tang, Lu and Hallinger, 2014). Then the organisation makes
sure the employee won't get back to the existing habits. This finally leads to the stability
and effective performance of the business functioning.
M4. Evaluate that which leadership approaches help the organization to adopt changes
effectively
In context of Sainsbury's, company follow democratic leadership style in order to
increase employees involvement in the business activities. This approach helps in generating
more idea through open discussion where employees give their suggestions or valuable inputs
which further enhance the strategies which developed in context of organization to improve its
employees productivity or performance (van der Voet, Kuipers and Groeneveld, 2015). With the
help of change model, managers of Sainsbury's identify the area which required to improve with
the help of effective leadership approach. Democratic approach is most suitable in order to adopt
changes and perform accordingly.

D3. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of leadership approaches and model of change
It has been critically evaluated that, democratic leadership is very effective for the
organization where managers develop strategy after open discussion with employees. It help the
business to find more attractive or valuable ideas which is beneficial in context of business
operations. Democratic leadership style increase the participation of employees as well as their
interest in the business activities. It further help the manager to make any changes which increase
the production as well as profitability (Yoder-Wise, 2014). With the help of change model,
leaders identify the area which required changes and manager further discussed about it for the
various valuable inputs. So basically, democratic leadership help the organization to lead the
change in well manner which further enhance the effectiveness of employees as well as business.
Laissez faire is the essential theory that restrict the intervention of government within the
economy. There are certain laws which is necessary to abide by every but other than that
government can not restrict the market or other functioning of business. This Laissez faire
leadership is also termed as the delegation leadership style. It context to the Sainsbury, the
manager allow the employees to participate in decision making rounds where they need to come
up with the solution by which they can effectively perform the task. For example, the sales
representative of the company are trained in such a manner they analyse behaviour of customer
and deal with them in an efficient manner. As they believe that there is no single way by which
they can overcome issue so they only focuses to enrich the skill rest the employee are capable
enough to tackle the situation effectively.
Leadership approaches
Transformational approach: These leaders are more inclined to bring positive changes
within the organisation so they continuously analyse the external and bring favourable changes
for the adequate functioning of business. In relation to the leader of Sainsbury to reatin its
position bring this possible changes in terms of technology. For example, earlier they used to
deal customer only through the retail outlet but now that have adequate space on the online
platform in order to deal with customer and offer them the services of free shipping. Thus, the
concept of the company rest on the modern approaches which leads to bringing meaningful
changes.
Charismatic leadership: The main attribute of charismatic leader is its strong vision as
well as vision due to which they gain the loyalty of overall staff and carry out the functioning

effectively. Usually the staff resist from the changes because in that case they need to change
their existing pattern of doing work but if they are led by the charismatic leaders they adopt the
potential changes significantly. Like, Sainsbury act as a potential company that has prepared the
challenging team by retaining the interest of existing employee and attracting the new ones
significantly.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that changes help the business to function as
per the changing trend in order to satisfy the interest of existing as well as new customers. So it
is the core responsibility of internal manager to examine the whole procedure or process which is
associated in the adequate functioning of business. Application of SWOT and PEST analysis
assist the organisation to cope up with internal and external factor for better change management
process and overcome negative implication. Therefore, the use of force field analysis can make
the firm understand the driving and restraining factor to take the desired actin fro better
functioning.

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