Understanding Website Performance

The TCP/IP is the primary protocol for sending and receiving data across the internet, which allows computers to send and receive information. The four layers of the TCP/IP model are application layer, transport layer, internet layer, and link layer, each with specific responsibilities. The user side factors that influence the performance of a website include download speed, web server bandwidth, browser, execution time before page loaded, and computer specification. Server side factors include bitmap/vector images, WAV/MP3 audio files. Understanding how these layers and components work together is essential for designing and maintaining efficient websites.

UNIT 28
WEBSITEPRODUCTIONS
ASSIGNMENT 1
Md Alamin Bhuyian (1022356)
[e-mail]
In this document you will find my first assignment for unit 28. Here I will talk about the
web architecture and components which enable internet and web functionality. The
role of web architecture in website communications. The role of the TCP/IP protocol
and how it links to application layer protocol. And the user side and server side factors
that influence the performance of the website. All include task 1.1) 1.2) 1.3) 1.4) and
criteria P1) P2) M1) and D1)

Name: Md Alamin Bhuyian ID: 1022356 Unit: 28 Website production
Task number: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 criteria: P1, P2, M1, D1
Contents
Internet service providers (ISP).........................................................................................................2
Web hosting services.........................................................................................................................2
Domain structure...............................................................................................................................2
Domain name registrars....................................................................................................................2
World Wide Web...............................................................................................................................3
Web component....................................................................................................................................3
Hardware...........................................................................................................................................3
Web server....................................................................................................................................3
Mail Server....................................................................................................................................3
Proxy server...................................................................................................................................4
Router............................................................................................................................................4
Software................................................................................................................................................4
Browser.........................................................................................................................................4
What is TCP/ IP?............................................................................................................................5
HTTP..............................................................................................................................................5
M1.........................................................................................................................................................6
Web 2.0.........................................................................................................................................6
Blogs..............................................................................................................................................6
Online application..........................................................................................................................6
Cloud computing...........................................................................................................................6
(D1)........................................................................................................................................................7
The role of the TCP/IP protocol and how it links to application layer protocol.............................7
What is TCP/IP?.............................................................................................................................7
Different protocols within the application layer............................................................................7
(P2)........................................................................................................................................................9
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department- understanding website
Course Name: BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT
Assignment number: 1 1

Name: Md Alamin Bhuyian ID: 1022356 Unit: 28 Website production
Task number: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 criteria: P1, P2, M1, D1
Web architecture
1.1) (P1)
Internet service providers (ISP)
ISP (internet server provider) is an organisation which allowed normal people at home to connect to
the internet indirectly. They only provide us internet if we give them an amount of money. Once we
are connected with them we will be able to visit any website. They provide us with devices and we
connected with internet and we pay for it. We use ISP via a router. The ISP providers provide us a
router or DSL and we are connected to the DSL with our username and IP address.
E.g. TALK TALK, Utility Warehouse, BT, O2, EE; all of them are ISP provider.
Web hosting services
Hosting is a service that stores your website on a server allowing for access by internet user.
Webhosting is a server who serves your website to the other users who is online. When we open a
new website, it’s really important to host our website because our website must be published to
web hosting service than visitors will be able to surfing into our website page.
Domain structure
Domain structure allows the user to interpret different information, for example
The http:// refers to the protocol that is hypertext transfer protocol,
the www. Refers to a page on the World Wide Web,
The google. Com is the actual domain name which corresponds. It allows the users to visibly see
what part of the website they are in.
When we have google.co.uk refers a particular country here co.uk refer this page is shown in United
Kingdom.
Domain name registrars
Domain name is the part of an address in the internet which identify as a particular company or
organisation name. Domain names are the way we organise, we sailed and we understand the Web.
Without domain names, URLs would be a series of numbers, or IP, addresses, which are difficult to
remember. However, a domain name gives us an address easier to remember. A domain name is
essential to do virtually anything on the Internet, since the creation of a web site to send and receive
e-mails or assemble an online store.
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department- understanding website
Course Name: BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT
Assignment number: 1 2

Name: Md Alamin Bhuyian ID: 1022356 Unit: 28 Website production
Task number: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 criteria: P1, P2, M1, D1
World Wide Web
The www is a system in hypermedia, which is the meeting of various media interconnected systems
by electronic communication and performed on the Internet, where it is possible to access any site
on the Internet for consultation.
Web component
Hardware
Web server
The web servers are responsible for storing and exchanging information with other machines.
Because of this, at least two participants are involved in every Exchange of information: a client who
requests information, and a server that meets these demands. Each side also requires a specialized
program to negotiate the exchange of data. In the case of a client, is used a browser, such as
Internet Explorer or Firefox. On the server side, however, things aren't so simple. There are several
software options available; most everyone has a similar task: negotiate data transfer between clients
and servers via http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), Web communications protocol. The software
depends on the operating system chosen for the server.
Mail Server
The mailserverr is a server that sends and receives our daily email over a network, mostly over the
internet. The mail server can receive our email from the customer's email server than can send to
another mail server.
There are three types of mail server; POP3, IMP and SMTP.
POP3 servers hold incoming e-mail messages until you check your e-mail, and at that point, they will
be transferred to your computer. POP3 is the most common account type, for personal e-mail.
Messages are typically deleted from the server when you check your e-mail. IMAP servers let you
work with e-mail messages without downloading them to your computer first. You can view, delete,
and organize messages directly on the e-mail server, and copies are stored on the server until you
choose to delete them. IMAP is commonly used for business e-mail accounts. SMTP servers handle
the sending of your e-mail messages to the Internet. The SMTP server handles outgoing e-mail, and
is used in conjunction with an incoming IMAP e-mail server.
Proxy server
A proxy server is an intermediary computer that sits between the user's computer and the Internet.
Can be used to register Internet usage and also to block access to a Web site. The proxy server
firewall blocks some websites or Web pages for a variety of reasons. As a result, you may be unable
to download the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) or Java applets run some.
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department- understanding website
Course Name: BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT
Assignment number: 1 3

Name: Md Alamin Bhuyian ID: 1022356 Unit: 28 Website production
Task number: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 criteria: P1, P2, M1, D1
Proxy servers work as firewall and content filter Constitute a security mechanism deployed by
Internet service provider (ISP) or by network administrators in an intranet environment in order to
disable access or filter content requests from certain sites deemed offensive or harmful to the
network and users. It improves performance, Cache Web pages accessed by hosts on the network
during certain period. Whenever a host requests the same Web page, the proxy server uses the
cached information instead of retrieving them from the content provider. This provides faster access
to Web pages.
Router
The router is a device used in computer networks for the forwarding of information packed into data
packets, providing connectivity between devices such as computers, smartphones and tablets, in
LAN networks with the internet. In addition, the router has a specific feature: get the best routes for
sending and receiving data, and can prioritize transmissions not only shorter, but also less
congested. To connect devices using data transmission via wireless and eliminate the need for a
computer to be connected to a main computer, most modern routers have powerful antennas to
send and receive your transmissions of data packets by wireless networks and connect directly to
the modem of broadband internet. When a broadband service is contracted, a modem is received
by offering a single point of access to the internet. In this way, to share this connection with more
than one tool you need to create an internal network with the router, and thus extend the
connection with web for other computers and also for mobile devices.
Software
The software is an order of instructions written to be understood by a computer in order to perform
specific tasks. It can also be defined as programs that manage the process of a computer.
Browser
Simply the browser is the software (program) that allows you to access the Internet, watch
videos, listen to music, play games and interact with virtual documents of the Internet, also
known as web pages. The browser we use makes a huge difference to the perception of the
Internet, so choosing the correct browser is important. Example: Google chrome, internet
explorer, opera dolphin, etc. Browsers directly influence eCommerce. Different browsers
have different speed, if is a good browser, then the user will be able to visit the eCommerce
website quickly and easily.
What is TCP/ IP?
IP is a unique number that identifies a particular computer on the internet.
The TCP/IP is the primary protocol for sending and receiving data across the internet. TCP
means Transmission Control Protocol (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet
Protocol).
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department- understanding website
Course Name: BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT
Assignment number: 1 4

Name: Md Alamin Bhuyian ID: 1022356 Unit: 28 Website production
Task number: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 criteria: P1, P2, M1, D1
Even if two computers are connected to the same network, they will not be able to
communicate without the use of a common language. And on the internet this is the
function of TCP/IP, a set of protocols. In this way, the computers can send and receive
information, ranging from an e-mail to a page that loads in the browser.
The model used by TCP/IP is the client/server, in which a computer sends requests, how to
load a web page, to another computer. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is
responsible for breaking a message into smaller parts, sending them over the internet. The
computer that receives these packets of information uses another tool of TCP to gather
these data in the original message.
For these packets reach the right destination, uses IP (Interconnection Protocol), which
provides the right address for the delivery of information.
HTTP
HTTP is an abbreviation for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. It is a protocol for communication
between information systems that enables the transfer of data between computer
networks, especially on the World Wide Web.
HTTP is the protocol used for the transfer of HTML pages from my computer to the Internet.
For this reason, the URL addresses use in beginning the expression "http: //", defining the
protocol used. This information is necessary to establish communication between the URL
and the Web server that stores the data and sends the HTML page requested by the user.
For the transfer of data on the Internet is performed, the HTTP protocol needs to be added
to the other two network protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet
Protocol). These two last protocols from the TCP/IP model, which is required for the
connection between client computers and servers.
M1
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department- understanding website
Course Name: BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT
Assignment number: 1 5

Name: Md Alamin Bhuyian ID: 1022356 Unit: 28 Website production
Task number: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 criteria: P1, P2, M1, D1
Web 2.0
Web 2.0 is a term used to describe a second generation of communities and services,
with the concept and through the Web-based applications in social networks and
information technology.
The idea of Web 2.0 is to make the online environment more dynamic and cause users
to collaborate in the organization of content. Within this context, Wikipedia is part of
this new generation, as well as several interconnected online services, as offered by
Windows Live, which includes search engines, e-mail, instant messaging, security
programs, etc.
Blogs
Blogs are web pages which are regularly published various contents such as texts,
images, music or videos, both can be dedicated to a specific subject such as be of a
rather general framework. Can be maintained by one or more persons and usually have
space for comments from your readers.
The success of these web pages resulted from the very existence of models of
predefined pages and the ease of insertion of content provided by some publishing
systems.
Online application
Application is that installed on a smartphone. The function of the application has made life
easier for users, providing them with direct access to news services, weather information,
games, and map services with Geo-location via GPS or utilities great assortment of
purposes. For example PDF opener, this application will help to open all the document that
we have downloaded from the internet, it works in computer as well as in any smart phone
devices. It’s allows us to read documents during online and offline.
Cloud computing
The concept of cloud computing refers to the use of memory and storage capacities and calculation
of shared computers and servers, interconnected through the Internet, following the principle of
grid computing. The data storage is done in services that can be accessed from anywhere in the
world, anytime, no need to install software or store data.
The benefits of cloud computing, in available on the Internet, from any computer, anywhere
operating system, you can have access to information, files and programs into a single system,
regardless of platform. The minimum requirement is a compatible with the resources available on
the Internet computer.
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department- understanding website
Course Name: BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT
Assignment number: 1 6

Name: Md Alamin Bhuyian ID: 1022356 Unit: 28 Website production
Task number: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 criteria: P1, P2, M1, D1
(D1)
The role of the TCP/IP protocol and how it links to application layer
protocol1
What is TCP/IP?
IP is a unique number that identifies a particular computer on the internet.
The TCP/IP is the primary protocol for sending and receiving data across the internet. TCP means
Transmission Control Protocol (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol).
Even if two computers are connected to the same network, they will not be able to communicate
without the use of a common language. And on the internet this is the function of TCP/IP, a set of
protocols. In this way, the computers can send and receive information, ranging from an e-mail to a
page that loads in the browser.
Different protocols within the application layer
The TCP/IP model, it’s made up four layers application, transport, and internet and network access.
Each of them has specific responsibilities to do.
 Application layer chose how application
uses the internet, and protocols. Is the
highest layer contain other protocols
including HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP
 Transport layers have protocols for many
types of data transfer between services
and applications including data packets.
Transport layer responsible to handles
process to process or end to end communication for application. Transport layer
specifies how to communicate with particular processes using TCP (Transmission control
protocol) or UDP (user datagram protocol)
 Internet layer is responsible to connect other independent networks and creating
network. This is connecting a group of network to other network. For example, LAN is
not internetwork but if I connected with two LAN’s it will be internetwork. Internet
layer decide how to forward the data packet over the internet using IP (Internet
Protocol).
 Link layer contains the communication technology for a single segment. Each of the
segments represents the path of data flow from one destination to another. This layer
decides how data is divided into packet.
1 http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_TCPIPArchitectureandtheTCPIPModel.htm
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department- understanding website
Course Name: BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT
Assignment number: 1 7

Name: Md Alamin Bhuyian ID: 1022356 Unit: 28 Website production
Task number: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 criteria: P1, P2, M1, D1
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department- understanding website
Course Name: BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT
Assignment number: 1 8
Host /my
computer
Application
layer
Transport
Layer
Internet
layer
Link
Layer
Webserver
Application
layer
Our language is different than computer language. Computer doesn’t understand that language we speak
or write. Computer only understand BINARY LANGUAGE. Computer translate our language to binary
number first before the data sent. The data we sent is filtered through the 4 layers and broken down into
DATA PACKET.
1. Application layer create the massage using HTTP
2. Transport layer use TCP to encapsulate the data from the application layer.
3. Internet layer used IP to deliver the packets.
4. Finally the packets are delivered through the link layer which is an Ethernet.
And then it goes reverse order so that the massage can be reconstructed and understood. The internet
layer receive the data packet through the link layer. Than the transport layer decapsulate the data packet to
the receiver that can read it and understand it.
Transport
Layer
Internet
layer
Link
Layer

Name: Md Alamin Bhuyian ID: 1022356 Unit: 28 Website production
Task number: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 criteria: P1, P2, M1, D1
(P2)
The user side and server side factors that influence the performance of a website
User side Server side
Download speed: Basically is the speed
that we find when we visit any website or
download anything from the website, it
tells or shows us how fast we can search in
a webpage. If we don’t have a good
download speed, the webpage may take
longer time to load it or some time it’s can
crush as well. Even if we want to watch any
video on YouTube we wouldn’t be satisfied
with that because it will take a while to
load and it will stop after loading few
seconds.
Web server bandwidth: Basically,
bandwidth is the capacity of network
connection can handle at one time. Is a
really important factor that server has to
consider about, for example; eBay is a
popular website for online shopping and if
they have limited amount of bandwidth
then people will try to enter to the website
but it will be difficult for them to enter to
the eBay website.
Browser: Simply the browser is the
software (program) that allows us to
access the Internet, watch videos, listen to
music, play games and interact with virtual
documents of the Internet, also known as
web pages. Not all the browsers work the
same way; some of them are fast, some of
them are slow, some of them unable to
open all kinds of file, then it shows us that
we have to download additional software
(flash player, Java player) to open or brows
the particular page.
Execution to be performed before the
page loaded: every single webpage
execute several actions before the
webpage completely loaded. For example
each web page may contain animation,
video, pictures etc. To load all of the
content it will take time. It will be able to
influence the overall performance of the
website; it may take longer to load each
page.
Computer specification:
Processor speed: processor is really
important within a computer. How fast
does my computer will perform it’s depend
on the processor. If any use has a good
processor they will be able to visit any
website quickly, if they don’t have a good
processor the webpage will take a while to
load the content page.
How bitmap/ vector affects website
performance:
Bitmap images are images that contain the
description of each pixel, as opposed to
vector graphics. When we resize a bitmap
picture it’s become pixelated so its take
time to lad for a computer.
Vector image is a type of image produced
from geometric descriptions of shapes. A
vector image is usually composed of
curves, ellipses, polygons, text, etc. When
we resize a victor image it doesn’t become
pixelated and it doesn’t take a while to
load in a web page but the quality of the
image it wouldn’t be clear like bitmap.
How Wav/ MP3 affect website
performance :
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department- understanding website
Course Name: BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT
Assignment number: 1 9

Name: Md Alamin Bhuyian ID: 1022356 Unit: 28 Website production
Task number: 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 criteria: P1, P2, M1, D1
WAV: is the most common audio files can
found on webpages. Most of the time, this
type of file contains audio in PCM (Pulse-
Code Modulation) audio without
compression, with maximum quality. For
this reason, it is used in professional
applications. And on that basis, the
generated files are large, and dramatically
make computer slow. They often slow
down the computer, because the file with
maximum quality and the size of the file is
too large.
MP3: MP3 is short for MPEG Layer 3, which in
turn is short for Moving Picture Expert Group.
MP3 is basically an audio compression format.
It became popular for being a compression
format with loss of quality almost
imperceptible to the human ear. The
compression ratio is measured in kbps.
The MP3 reduces the audio file basically taking
all that in theory the human ear does not hear.
The file size is smaller than WAV.
MP3 files will still slow down a webpage, but
as they are compressed so it’s slowed down
less so than using a Wav file.
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department- understanding website
Course Name: BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT
Assignment number: 1
10