Differentiate between managers and leaders with their responsibility and description
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This document discusses the difference between managers and leaders, their roles, responsibilities, and characteristics. It also explores the functions of directors and various leadership styles implemented in different circumstances of business. The benefits and limitations of these approaches are also discussed.
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Unit – 4 Management And Operations
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3 TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3 P1. Differentiate between managers and leaders with their responsibility and description................3 M1. Demonstrate the comparison between managers and leaders.....................................................4 TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................5 P2. Analyse the functions of directors which are useful at different circumstances of business........5 P3. Provide appropriate theories and models of leadership styles......................................................7 M2. Describe the benefits and limitations to appraise different approaches of situations..................8 TASK 3.................................................................................................................................................8 P4. Explain the main approaches of business administration that managers and leaders perform in business.............................................................................................................................................8 P5. Examine significance and value of operation management in accomplishing business objectives .........................................................................................................................................................10 M3. Describe how managers and leaders develop effectiveness of operational administration to achieve victory.................................................................................................................................11 TASK 4...............................................................................................................................................11 P6. Assess various factors of business environment that impact decision-making procedure for operational management..................................................................................................................11 M4. Evaluate how these factors affect the business and wider community......................................12 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................12 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................14
INTRODUCTION Management is the set of activity for an organisation in developing capabilities of workers to perform their actions with co-ordination by employee relations. Operation is the work of managing the inner performance of business in order to run it efficiently for achieving success. Operation management mainly concerns with the purpose for designing and controlling procedure of production from converting raw material to finished goods.In this project, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Limited has been selected for this project as being theBritish extravaganceautomobile company that was launched in 1998 and is completely own by German group BMW. This project compares between managers and leaders with theirmeaning, roles, tasks and description(Çelik, 2016).It provides appropriatetheory and modelof approach for leadership styles implemented by leaders to improve effectiveness of workers. The importance and values of operation management increase competitive strategies for remaining stable in perfect competition market. Additionally, it assess various factors of business environment that impact decision-making procedure of operation management for managers and leaders to achieve success. TASK 1 P1. Differentiate between managers and leaders withtheir responsibility and description Managers:-The manager is an individual who manage the actions of workers as being the in- charge by controlling various departments of companies. It further guidesemployees to carry out their activitiesin particular systematic manner. Managers of Rolls-Royce have the ability to direct and control the performance of business to accomplish its goals and objectives effectively with the motive to sustain in global market. Roles:- Measure progress:-It is most important for managers to examine the difference between balance sheet from previous to current year to measure the progress of company. Managers of Rolls-Royce focus on this as to analyse the business is able to achieve success or not. Execute task:-This is the capability of managers to execute their idea after planning its strategy toremain stable at international marketplace. The managers of Rolls-Royce attempts to decentralise theperformance to variety of divisions in accordance with work(Colapinto, Jayaraman and Marsiglio, 2017). Characteristics:-
ï‚·Time management skills:-The main purpose of managers is to manage their work at particular duration to improve its efficiency for achieving success. The managers of Rolls- Royce are highlyspecialised as they providetuitionandexpansionto workforcefor improving their efficiency. ï‚·Interpersonal skills:-This skills refers as to understand, listen and communicate among workers by building employee relations. Managers of Rolls-Royce emphasize their workers to engage and involve among each other in order to complete their task with specialisation. Leaders:-A good leader have a target which leads to achieve vision and knows how to turn idea into real-world success stories. Leaders of Rolls-Royce focus on conveying vision to organisation with its wide-ranging stakeholders(Ellram and Cooper, 2014). Roles:- ï‚·Build morale:-This is the ability of leaders to increase confidence and self-esteem among workers to achieve their target effectively by creating opportunity to meet the requirements of customers.Leaders ofRolls-Royce focus on building morale as the self-assuranceof workforce may lead them to perform their task eagerly and excitedly. ï‚·Improve motivation:-Motivation is described as to increase the capability of workers by cheering them to achieve personaland organisational objectivesthrough gratuity, inducement, performance evaluation, etc.The leaders of Rolls-Royce are advantageous for accomplishing their specific target within particular duration. Characteristics:- ï‚·Charismatic:-It is ability of an individual to appear as confident in communication for planning its ideas to achieve target. The leaders of Rolls-Royce are charismatic as they follow the instructions of managers and execute their strategy to make the work done from workers to achieve target. ï‚·Effective communicator:-The most important task of a leader is to communicate with its workerseffectivelythroughverbalandnon-verbalskills.LeadersofRolls-Royceare beneficial as they guide workforce about their task with its importance to be done in specialised manner(Helber, 2014). M1. Demonstrate the comparison between managers and leaders The comparison between managers and leaders is described with reference to Rolls-Royce is as follows:- FeaturesManagersLeaders DefinitionThe manager is an individual whoAgoodleaderhasatargetwhich
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manage the actions of workers as being the in-charge by controlling variousdepartmentsof companies.Itfurtherguides workforce to perform their actions in particular systematic manner. leads to achievevision andknows howtoturnideaintoreal-world success stories. FunctionThefunctionsofmanagersare forecasting, organising, recruiting, directing,co-ordinating, reporting, estimating, monitoring and domineering. The functions of leaders are to build morale,improvemotivationof employersandrepresentas charismaticwitheffective communicator. RolesTherearevariousrolesof managers within an organisation. Some of them are discussed as measuring progress; execute task, etc., that result in achieving target withefficacy(Levasseurand Akçelik, 2014). The roles of leaders aim to build team morale and improve motivation level of workforce through allowing them to ascertain individual ambition. CharacteristicsItscharacteristicsaretime management and developing good interpersonal skills which leads to understandtheemotionsand various circumstances of workers. Thecharacteristicsofleaderare charismaticandeffective communicatorthatiscapablein delegating roles and responsibilities to its workers as per their specialisation. TASK 2 P2. Analyse the functions ofdirectors which are useful at different circumstances of business The functions of managers:-The various functions of managers whichcreate prospect for enlargement and steadiness of business to sustain in competitive marketplace. Managers of Rolls- Royce focus on their functions by accounting all the happenings in firm and answers to management. The seven functions of managers are mentioned as under:- Planning:-It is the process through which managers plans to develop strategic decision to organise business plan with deciding its vision, mission and objective. Managers of Rolls- Royce schedule and analyse their business goals and objectivesin order to stay steady in universal market.
ï‚·Organising:-The managers further execute their plan to leaders of various department for directing and guiding workforce to complete task with building employee relations. Managers of Rolls-Royce focus on synchronising and making sure that everything is donein accord with preparation to realize itsspecific target. ï‚·Staffing:-This refers as grouping large number of people into various segments under their departments with their specialisation. It further creates job opportunityby recruiting and appointing new individualswithin business to improve efficiency. Managers of Rolls-Royce disputes workforce into effective team by developing a team leader which has the authority and responsibility of whole group(Maylor and Turner, 2017). ï‚·Directing:-The most important function of managers is to direct and guide their leaders and workers to perform task with the ability to achieve desired goals and objectives. Managers of Rolls-Royce focus on assigning the task to their leaders that provides a clear idea of how the work has to be managed and performed by workers to accomplish target. ï‚·Reporting:-It is the responsibility of managers to keep up-dated information as what is being done in the whole organisation premises. Managers of Rolls-Royce take information of current scenario from their leaders of various departments. ï‚·Budgeting:-The ability of completing the given task within particular duration by improving efficiency which creates possibility of reducing cost in productivity. Managers of Rolls- Royce ensure that the amount invested in project does not exceed in accordance with expected budget while tallying with actual budget. ï‚·Controlling:-This is the ability ofbeing overprotective to monitor the activities of workforce by restricting faultthrough remedialmethodforascertaining the organisationalgoals. Managers of Rolls-Royce control the activities of workforce in order to meet their estimated budget, full utilise scarce resources and the ability to achieve goal. The various situations which come across business that are mainly to be solved by managers and leaders tocarry on enterprise in global marketplaceare as follows:- ï‚·Increase productivity:-This is very essential for an organisation to manage its productivity effectivelybyproducingqualitativefinishedgoodswhicharecapabletomeetthe requirements of potential customers. It further focus on increasing high level of satisfaction for their target market at which they are ready to pay high price of product(Mu, 2017). Managers of Rolls-Royce mainly attempts to increase brand awareness by promoting and positioning goods and services to their target market. ï‚·Least-cost effective:-It is the most important aspect for an organisation to manage and control the expense on product by manufacturing it with least cost and facilitating with good quality. Managers of Rolls-Royce aim to keep least-cost effective price of motor cars which encourage people from middle to high class in purchasing their cars for luxurious lifestyle.
P3. Provide appropriate theories and models of leadership styles Leadership Style:-This is defined as the methodof providing track, executing plans and appealing people to perform task. Managers of Rolls-Royce implement different leadership styles for creating opportunity to increase their competitive strategies. It further focuses onincreasing intrinsic potential power for minimising faults and extrinsic prospects to defeat coercion. The various theories and models of leadership styles applied in an organisation are described below as:- ï‚·Situational approach:-This approach is also known as Blanchard and Hershey model which includes Low and high competence as well as lower and higher commitment. It describes that there various situations in a business which emphasize managers and leaders to change their leadership style for accomplishing success(Raghothama, Hanchi and Meijer, 2017). The role of leaders in Rolls-Royce analyse the performance of their workers with specialization within particular time period. It is essential for company to analyse the ability of effectiveness in order to achieve their goals and objectives.The role of managers in Rolls-Royce isto evaluate the business activities of workforce for monitoring and identifying errors that requires strict actions to minimise. ï‚·System Approach:- It is the approach which observe the entities and their environment which are interpreted through systematic procedure. This mainly emphasizes managers, leaders and workers to perform their task within particular system by building relation among one another. Managers of Rolls-Royce direct and guides leaders to motivate workers for completing their task within proper duration as expected.It is mainly significant for industry to realize victory through managing vision, assignment and intention.The role of directors in Rolls-Royce is to develop management and leadership style for building team morale by increasing will of workforce to complete their task at certain date. This majorly aims to maintain discipline nature in business environment for minimising faults that enhance entrepreneurs to attain success efficiently. ï‚·Contingency Approach:- This approach was proposed by an Austrian psychologist Fred Edward Fiedler in 1964. It is the combination of both situational and systematic leadership style. This is a management theory that suggests most appropriate styles of leaders which are implied at various situation of organisation in order to accomplishambition and intentionof business. Managers of Rolls-Royce provide wide range of ways to react with problems through their significant decision-making procedure(Riley and et.al., 2017). This theory plays very vital role for an organisation to in analysing the best candidate who is capable for a given set of job requirements by improving its effectiveness.The role of supervisors in Rolls-Royce is to analyse the performance of workers that can meet the goals of business, it further takes harsh actions towards being inefficient. The role of leaders in Rolls-Royce focus on this
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leadership style as to change their strategy in accordance with performance of workers towards goal accomplishment. M2. Describe the benefits and limitations to appraise different approaches of situations The power and weak spot for diverse approaches of leadership stylesare mentioned with reference to leaders of Rolls-Royce are as under:- Leadership StylesStrength (S)Weakness (W) Situational approachIt is a realistic approach that is simple to recognize and relate across a variety of settings. This leadership styles is perspective anddescribeshowleaders should act in various situations to achieve effectiveness. It focuses more on instant wants ratherthanlastingneedsand cause hindrance in completion of organisational ambition and intention. System approachIt provides an efficient plan of action which leads to develop co-ordinationforspecialised activities(Sanders and Hunter, 2017). Theweaknessofsystem approachistosuggestall variablesmusthavesome equalityandmanageindustry surroundings. Contingency approachItisactiveincharacteristic whichchangesitsactionsin accordancewithitsvarious situationsandremains systematicincontinuous procedure. It undergo from insufficiency of literature by not fully explaining thereasonofchangein leadershipstyletotheir workers. TASK 3 P4. Explain the main approaches of business administration that managers and leaders perform in business Operation Management is described as the business function which is responsible for managing the process in creation of goods and services. It involves planning, organising, staffing directing and controlling all the resources needed to produce company’s qualitative products. Managers of Rolls-Royce implement this to improve their productivity by analysing ratio of input into volume of output. The key approaches of operation management that managers and leaders play in business are as follows:-
ï‚·Six Sigma:-This approach mainly focus on reducing the errors or defects caused in production activity which creates delay in accomplishment of success. Managers of Rolls- Royce can use this approach as to examine the deficiency by increasing errors that are to be restricted through corrective measures. It creates opportunity for businessto stay steady in global marketplaceby increasing its competitive strategies(Scriba, Jette and PTOE, 2017). The role of leaders in Rolls-Royce attempts tomanufacture their superiorproducts by directing and controlling workers to develop specialised goods and services with reducing defects.The role of managers in Rolls-Royce ï‚·Lean Production:-It is the process which emphasize managers and leaders to restrict possibility of unnecessary waste as it increase the cost of production. Managers of Rolls- Royce aim to cut or minimise their activities by effectively utilising their scarce resource in order to restrict wastage of materials. The role of leaders in Rolls-Royce creates possibility to utilise their products in minimising their wastage of production for sustaining in perfect competition market. ï‚·Queuing Theory:-This premise refers as the arithmetical revision of configuration, purpose and jamming of waiting position or queues.It is concerned with situations where queues delay in accomplishment of success for an organisation. Managers of Rolls-Royce can use this approach for more obvious external process like customers queuing in supermarket to purchase the product and internal procedure as production line or product testing. The role of leaders in Rolls-Royce analyse the solution for trade-off between the costs of reducing queuing time. ï‚·Total Quality Management:-It is the procedure through which an organisation develops product with proper quality management as to meet the requirements of customers. It develops opportunity for attracting large number of customers through their qualitative finished goods and services by encouraging them to purchase more of their goods. The role of managers in Rolls-Royce focuses on customer-oriented process by developing their products in accordance with demand of target market. The role of leaders in Rolls-Royce emphasizes workers to establish their products by describing them importance of maintaining the proper quality in production. It further develops support and loyalty of customers to sustain in global market. ï‚·Kaizen Approach:-This theory describes as the process of constantly introducing small and incremental sales through changing the quality and efficiency in production. It is most important for company as to keep on altering the production that also develops interest of customers for purchasing product(Silvestre and Gimenes, 2017). The role of managers in Rolls-Royce is to improve or design their structure of cars in distinctive manner by modifying it with new techniques and features through their creative thinking skills. The role of leaders
in Rolls-Royce is to attain the target by encouraging workers to complete their task in accordance with guidance of directors. P5.Examinesignificance and value of operation management in accomplishing business objectives OperationManagementismainlyessentialforanadministrationastodeveloptheir aggressive schemes through increasing intrinsic power for controlling weak spot and extrinsic prospect to control threats. Managers of Rolls-Royce are beneficial as they are capable to reduce their waste disposal which creates opportunity to compete with rivalries such as Bentley Motors, Mercedes and Aston Martin. Some of its importance is explained below as:- Customer satisfaction:-The customers are key elements of an organisation as they are considered as king, which emphasize business to develop strategic plan for producing new product with innovative idea(Ülkü, Bell and Wilson, 2015). Managers of Rolls-Royce focus on their total quality management as to increase the satisfaction level of their customer by providing them qualitative products. It is beneficial for company as to enlarge buyer which are ready to pay high prices for their satisfaction level that result in achieving high revenue and profits. Waste reduction:-It is the process through which every organisation focus on reducing their waste to sustain in global market by effectively utilising their scrap material into finished goods and services. Managers of Rolls-Royce implement the Six Sigmas approach as to restrict the possibility of defect material in improving productivity which cause high cost. It is advantageous for company to minimise the cost that result in high profit-margin with enhance of market share. Operation management is very essential for business to achieve its goals and objectives by supplying their finished goods and services with direct and indirect channel of distribution. Managers of Rolls-Royce are able to build customer relationship management by analysing their gestures and emotions while purchasing the products. Some of these values of operation management are described as under:- Customer support and loyalty:-This is the procedure of an organisation to effectively utilise its scarce resources in order tomaximise aggressive plan that leads to challengewith rivalries. Managers of Rolls-Royce implement lean production as their main purpose is to restrict the possibility of unnecessary waste in production. It is essential for company to minimise their cost and develop qualitative products which increase customer support and loyalty(Zangiacomi and et.al., 2017). Able to utilise scarce resources:-It is the most important task for an organisation to utilise its scarce resources effectively that develops the possibility of achieving success in future. This further increase intrinsic strength for controlling weakness and extrinsic opportunities to
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control threats. Managers of Rolls-Royce focus on the capability to complete their task efficiently which leads to accomplish its vision, mission, goals and objectives. M3. Describe how managers and leadersdevelop effectivenessof operational administration to achieve victory The managers and leaders improveeffectivenessof operational management to achieve victorythat leads tobattlewith its rivalries throughdeveloping their aggressive strategy. It further creates opportunity forenlargement and steadinessof business to sustain in perfect competition market.ManagersofRolls-Royceareusefulwiththesignificanceandvalueofoperational management which are customer satisfaction, waste reduction, support and loyalty of buyers and the ability to fully utilise scarce resources(Zeidan and Shapir, 2017). TASK 4 P6. Assess various factors of business environment that impact decision-making procedure for operational management Business Environment:-This refers as the internal and external surroundings of business which creates strength, weakness, opportunities and threats for an organisation while competing with rivalries. Managers of Rolls-Royce analyse the business environment which affects the operation management either favourably or unfavourably that might cause delay in accomplishment of success. The various factors of business environment that impact decision-making procedure for operational management are as follows:- ï‚·Corporate social responsibility (CSR):-It is described as the procedure through which business takes account of social, economic and environmental impact of their activities to sustain in global market. Managers of Rolls-Royce ensure that raw materials are ethically sourcedwhichleadstodevelopqualitativefinishedgoodsandservicestofulfilthe requirement of their potential customers. The company is favourably affected as it mainly aims to build customer relations with their potential target market to analyse their demand. ï‚·Employee efficiency:-This is the duty and responsibility of managers to improve employee efficiency by providing them training and development programmes which increase their skills and leads in specialisation to restrict errors. Managers of Rolls-Royce emphasize on leaders to guide their workforce for improving efficiency as to accomplish within particular duration. ï‚·Culture:-It is the procedure where employees perform their task by building relation among one another through engagement, involvement and co-ordination. Managers of Rolls-Royce
focus on this as it develops the ability of workers to share their views and information by working together. ï‚·Value and ethics:-This is the ability of managers, leaders and employees to perform their task with good relations of values by following ethics, norms, code of conduct, policies and procedure. Managers of Rolls-Royce mainly respect its employees and understand their emotions and problems during various circumstances. ï‚·Sustainability:-It refers as the capability of an organisation to achieve its goals and objectives within particular duration that creates opportunity for business to compete with its rivalries. Managers of Rolls-Royce are able to utilise scarce resources effectively which develops possibility to sustain in perfect competition market(Zepeda, Nyaga and Young, 2016). The company is unfavourably affected by this factor as it is difficult to continuously achieve success in order to compete with rivalries. ï‚·Stakeholders:-This is a stakeholder mapping matrix for an organisation which determine those shareholders who require high attention and is essential to be informed about the various rules of stock market. The Rolls-Royce business empowers the interest of different stakeholders that might impact in decision-making procedure for managers and leaders. M4. Evaluate how these factors affect the business and wider community The various factors of business environment which affect the stability of an enterprise to remain stable in global market. These elements are further described as corporate social responsibility, employee efficiency, culture, value and ethics, sustainability and shareholders. Managers of Rolls Royce are favourably and unfavourably affected by these factors as it might delay in accomplishment of success. CONCLUSION From the above discussion it have been concluded that operation management is very essential for an organisation functions in managing the procedure for creation of goods and services. The three levels of operation management includes strategic, tactical and operations that create opportunity for business to achieve goals and objectives by developing strategic decision-making process in planning. This projectcompares between managers and leaders with theirdefinition,roles,functionsandcharacteristicsthatareimprovingmorale,motivation, charismatic, effective communicator, etc. It provides appropriate theories and models of approach for leadership styles such as situational, system and contingency which is implemented by leaders to improve effectiveness of workers. The key approaches which are six sigmas, lean production, total quality management with importance and values of operation management increase competitive strategies for remaining stable in perfect competition market. Additionally, it assesses various factors
ofbusinessenvironmentsuchascorporatesocialresponsibility,culture,valueandethics, sustainability and stakeholders that impact decision-making procedure of operation management for managers and leaders to achieve success.
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