Role of Leaders and Managers in Management and Operations

This document discusses the roles and qualities of leaders and managers in management and operations. It explores different theories and models of approach such as situational leadership and contingency. The content also includes the application of these theories in different situational contexts.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PART-1............................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1) Explain and discuss the differentiate between the roles and qualities of leader and
manager.......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2) Examine the role of leaders and functions of manager are applied in different situational
context. .......................................................................................................................................6
P3) Explain and apply the different theories and models of approach such as situational
leadership and contingency.........................................................................................................8
PART-2............................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P4) Examine the different approaches of operation management and role of leader and
manager.......................................................................................................................................9
P5) Analysis the importance and value of operations in management. ...................................11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P6) Examine the various factors of the business environment which are impact on operational
management and influencing in decision making process........................................................12
CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is important process which includes various business activity and
function in order to transforming raw material into finished goods. It includes various procedures
and activities are conducted by manages and leaders in order to effectively achieving
organisation goal and objectives (Chary, 2017). The report is about Sainsbury's in order to their
head quarter are situated in UK. It includes organisation providing wide range of products and
services for customers. The paper consist is various role of managers and leaders on the different
situation of business as well as effectively managing operation functions. Further, it involves
various theories and models of operational management as well as external factor which are
impact of business activities.
PART-1
TASK 1
P1) Explain and discuss the differentiate between the roles and qualities of leader and manager.
Organisation prospect: Sainsbury's is one of the leading organisation in order to serves
the ample numbers of products and services for customers. It includes organisation using various
tool and techniques in order to analysed the need and requirement of customers. It is process
which refers to organisation expand their operations in many other countries in order to
effectively and efficiently achieving organisation goal and objectives (Barnes, 2018). It is
essential process in order to hierarchical structure due to smoothly flow business operation as
well as different division so workforce work effectively and manufacturing products and
services.
Manager and leaders of the organisation plays various roles and task in order to accomplishing
organisation goal and objectives. There are ample numbers of roles and responsibilities which
are discussed below.
Leader-: It includes leader plays the vital role in order to increasing effectiveness of
organisation as well as attain their goals and objectives. It includes motivating and encouraging
team members in order to effectively performing business operations as well as developing team
spirit among the existing employee's.
Manager-: It is process which refers to manager managing all the employee's of an
organisation in order to effectively performing business operations. It includes all the employee's

are worked together and coordination due to solve the problems of employee and reducing
conflict between the employees.
There are various functions of leader which are mentioned below.
Function of leader:
Effectively established communication channels-: It includes leaders developing strong
communication channel between the employees in order to smoothly transfer the information
from one place to another. It includes effectively establishing developing various channel which
refers to properly exchange the information between the employee's (Chibili, 2017). It
considered as superior effectively communicate the information with employees as well as
subordinates face any kind of problem so communicate with superiors.
Developing collective preceptive-: The main responsibilities of leader in order to
developing team members which result as effectively utilisation various skill. It is essential for
each and every employees in order to effectively applied the skill due to improving work
performance as well as fulfil the organisation goal and objectives.
Functions of manager:
Supervision-: It is basis function of manager in order to analysed the performance of
employees on that basis providing reward. It is process which refers to employee's providing task
so in that manager evaluating skill and set parameters in order to evaluating performance. In
relevance of organisation, manager analysed the work for workforce because improving
performance of company and increasing productivity.
Formulating strategies-: It is most important function of manager in order to formulating
new strategies for the welfare for organisation as well as organisation. It is useful tool and
techniques in order to analysed the external environment which result as enhancing profitability
and productivity of company.
Characteristic of leader:
Forward planning-: It is characteristics of leader in order to motivating and encouraging
workforce towards the work in order to smoothly performing business functions (Demeter,
2017). It is process which refers to leader always forward looking in order to accomplishing task
within the specific period of time.

Emotional intelligence-: Leaders have emotional intelligence because they easily
understanding the team members perspective in order to developing healthy relationship between
the team members.
Characteristics of manager:
Organised-: It includes manager effectively organised all the business functions and
activities in order to managing team members as well as execution of policies. It considered as
achieving target within specific period of time on the basis of skill and qualification.
Management-: This is the basic function of manager in order to effectively and
efficiently managing activity and task in order effectively performing business functions as well
as increasing productivity of company (Enyinda, 2017). It is process which refers to effectively
utilisation various tool and techniques properly managing function.
Differentiate between leaders and managers:
Basis Leader Manager
Objective It is process which refers to
leaders main aim to plan the
objectives in order to fulfil the
cores values of an
organisation. In relevance of
Sainsbury's, it includes leader
focusing on team members
performance in order to
accomplishing objectives.
It includes managers plays
vital role in order to effectively
conducting activities and task
which refers to fulfil all the
activities. In context of
organisation, it majorly
focusing activity and task.
Employee management It considered as leader
effectively handle the
employees as well as
motivating and encouraging
towards the work (Fiorentino,
2016).
It includes manager providing
task and activity in order to
completing within specific
period of time as well as
attained organisation goal and
objectives.
Delegating activities Leaders are not delegating
activity and task to their
It considered refers to manager
delegate the authority and

employees in order to focusing
workforce on that basis
providing guidance and
encouraging (Heaslip, 2018).
responsibilities to their
employee's in order to fulfil
work within period of time.
Aim of vision It includes leaders have
developing imagery position
for employee's in order to
accomplishing organisation
goals and core values.
It is process which refers to
manager essential to informing
about the core values of
organisation and accordingly
operating business functions.
TASK 2
P2) Examine the role of leaders and functions of manager are applied in different situational
context.
It is process which refers to organisation faces various condition and situation in order to
effectively influencing overall capabilities and abilities in order to performing the functions by
workforce (Heizer, 2016). There are various condition and situation which are faced by
organisation so leaders and managers effectively performing business functions so mentioned
below.
Introduced the new product and services at the marketplace-: It is situation which are
faced by most of organisation in order to launching new quality product for customers. It is
essential for organisation in order to identified the target group which result as attracting large
numbers of customers. It involves organisation launching new good quality packaged food in
soups with different flavour so attracting large numbers of customers because in present scenario
most of employee's are health conscious. Sainsbury's is one of the leading supermarket chain in
UK and serves the ample numbers of products and services. There are various function of
manager and role of leaders which are mentioned below.
Role of leader-: It is process which refers to primary role of leader in to providing
information regarding to all employee's about the new product which are launching organisation.
It is essential for employees to know about the quality and characteristic of new product. It

includes leader conducting meeting with employees which result as successfully accomplishing
task within specific period of time.
On that basis, leader is essential to collect all the information about the new product
which are launched by organisation such as healthy and tasty soup with different flavour so
informed all the employees about this premium product as well as attracting large numbers of
customers.
Function of manager-: The main function of manager in order to developing plan and
strategies in order to introducing new product at marketplace. It is manager responsibilities in
order to dividing task and activity among the employees on the basis of their qualities and
abilities (Childe, 2017). Further, it involves managers effectively implementing strategies such
as promotional activity due to introducing new product in the market and measuring
performance of employee's.
Emergency management and situation-: It includes organisation faces ample numbers
of emergency situation in order to managers and leaders plays vital role and function. In
relevance of Sainsbury's, it includes emergency situation in front of managers and leaders during
the period of recession because organisation reducing remuneration staff members so most of
employees are discouraged and cannot perform effectively. This situation affect the employees
morale and overall performance of organisation as well as profitability.
Role of leader-: On the basis of this situation leader encouraging and motivating
employees in order to effectively performing business activity as well as developing team spirit
among existing employees.
Functions of manager-: It includes function of manager on this situation in order to
gather information of employees as well as set the performance standard on that basis analysed
performance effectively and efficiently. It includes manager providing task and activity to each
and every employees due to improving work performance as well as reducing stress and
effectively managing activity.
P3) Explain and apply the different theories and models of approach such as situational
leadership and contingency.
Managers and leaders plays vital role in order to effectively managing leadership due to
analysis external and internal environment within organisation (Karlsson, 2016). It includes
managers and leaders focusing on various management style such as autocratic management

style as well as managers take effective decision. It is process which refers to whole organisation
involving in various function like planning, organisation, controlling, directing, training and
many others. In present context, it includes organisation facing cut throat competition in the
market so they effectively adapting different management style due to smoothly conducting
business functions and activity. It considered as manager and leaders used various theories of
leadership and management in order to take effective decision.
System approach-: It is process which refers to leaders and managers in order to
developing positive relationship with their employees due to effectively performing business
functions. It is effective and efficient tool which are helpful to motivated and encouraged
employee's in order to attained organisation goal and objectives. It is process which refers to
managers are assigned the task and activity to employee's and they are responsible to performing
business function (Karlsson, 2016). In relevance of organisation, it includes their manager and
leaders effectively developing new products for targeting new customers which are discussed
below.
Strength-: The main aim and purpose in order to used this strength such as developing
new products in order to targeting new customers as well as achieving organisation goal and
objectives. It includes focusing on various business function and activity.
Weakness-: It includes organisation required to huge investment at specific period of
time in order to expand the business operation in many other countries.
Situational approach-: It is approach which refers to managers & leaders effectively
focusing organisation goal and objectives and according making decision in order to serves the
best product and services for customers. It is essential to focusing on decision-making with their
subordinates at workplace. In context of organisation, it considered as effectively planned the
strategies in order to work accomplished within period of time.
Strength-: It is process which refers to leaders and managers developing effective tool
and techniques in order to launching new product (Lee, 2018). In context of Sainsbury's, it
includes organisation focusing various segment such as grocery item, clothing and many more. It
is essential tool in order to all the product and services are available under one roof.
Weaknesses-: It includes new process development is long and time consuming so
difficult to managing effectively.

Contingency approach-: It is approach and tool in order to this theory applied on
basically two factors such as different skill set and situation. In relevance of organisation, it
includes business focusing and work effectively in order to increasing effectiveness of
organisation. There are various managerial functions such as effectively and efficiently used
various approach such as directing, team work, motivating and encouraging their employees.
Strength-: It includes organisation focusing on major strength such as new product
development as well as managing effectively and efficiently in order to performing different
functions (Nonogaki, 2016).
Weaknesses-: It includes organisation face ample numbers of situation so used various
approach in order to impact on critical management.
Situational leadership:
situational leadership theory is defined as the theory of management of organisational
behaviour. In this it refers as there is no single best style of leadership. The model speaks about
the most successful leader are those who have ability to adopt various leadership style which is
based on their group of individual or they are using to lead the influence. Effective leadership
usually varies in order to provide the group and being influenced. In relation to Sainsbury, the
leader who used to take decision of team and their member in order to accompanied the
objective. The need of function that need to accomplished.
Behavioural theory:
Elton Mayo's Hawthorne effect-: It includes Elton mayo is developing by Hawthorne effect. It
includes managers and leaders focusing on productivity and profitability in older to employee's
performed effectively. It is process which refers to this theory focusing on developing team spirit
among the existing employees.
PART-2
TASK 3
P4) Examine the different approaches of operation management and role of leader and manager.
It includes ample numbers of approaches in order to organisation effectively
implementing this strategies due to attained organisation goal and objectives. In context of
Sainsbury's, it considered as they are categorised product and services on the basis of quality
products in order to it is one of leading organisation in UK. They are dealing in ample numbers

categories such as clothing, grocery item and many others. There are various approaches which
are discussed below.
Transformation of raw material into finished goods-: It is process which refers to
various operation approaches and function in order to developing product and services. It
includes developing product and services on the basis customer requirement so effectively
transformation of raw material to final product (Slack, 2018). The managers and leaders
formulating new strategies in order to effectively implementing in order to motivating and
encouraging employees due to focusing towards the work. In context of organisation, it is
focusing on strategies which refer to “second century plan” in order to transformation of product
portfolio in three phases such as business stabilisation, expansion, core strengthening and
product development.
Logistic and inventory management-: It is another function of operation management in
order to utilised various tool and techniques in order to effectively managing inventory and
logistic system. In relevance of Sainsbury's, it includes manager and leaders used the two
concept such as flexibility and suitability in order to effectively managed work as well as
provided quality products for customers. It is essential to managing operation such as reducing
the cost, risk management and environmental issues.
Lean production-: This is approach which are utilised by managers and leader of
Sainsbury's in order to minimization of wastage as well as smoothly running business operations.
It is necessary in order to smoothly run the business activity and function (Wu, 2016). It is
helpful for developing new and innovative product and services for customers. Role of managers
and leaders in order to formulating new strategies because reducing wastages and managing
resources effectively as well as providing training for employees in order to managing resources.
Total quality management-: It is operation management function and approach in order
to motivating and encouraging employees due to effectively performing operation function
which result as producing more innovative products and services. The role of manager and
leader in this function to developing strategies as well as maintain quality standard so
accordingly focusing on brand image of Sainsbury's in the market.
Just in time-: It is another tool and function of operation & management in order to
utilised various techniques in order to smoothly conducting activity as well as elimination of

wastages and properly used financial resources. The main purpose of manager and leader such as
effectively allotted task to their employees and effectively completed within period of time.
P5) Analysis the importance and value of operations in management.
It is important process because managers and leaders focusing on various activity and
smoothly operating business activity (Heizer, 2016). It is process which are helpful to increasing
effectiveness of organisation in order to used various tool for conversion of raw material into
finished foods. It is utilisation various strategies in order to enhancing profitability and
productivity. Operation management is process which includes various process and employee's
performed effectively in order to achieving organisation goal and objectives. In relevance of
organisation, it involved various business functions which are mentioned below.
Fulfilling requirement of customers-: It includes Sainsbury's manager and leaders
focusing organisation goal and values accordingly producing products and services in order to
fulfil the need and demand of customers. In this function applied situation approach in leadership
and manager because analysed the market demand and accordingly met with the situation
demand.
Maintaining the set quality standards of products-: It is greater importance of operation
management in maintaining quality of products and services. It includes focusing on provided
quality products and services for customers which are helpful to fulfil the needs and demand of
customers (Childe, 2017). It is essential to minimizing wastage and producing qulaity products
in order to developing brand image at market place.
Improvement in production process-: It is essential to improving in production system in
order to properly used of resources as well as enhancing profitability and productivity of
company. In context of Sainsbury's, it includes utilisation various strategies due to developing
product and services in order to attracting large numbers of customers.
Minimization of operational cost-: It is process which refers to organisation using
various procedures in order to minimising cost due to developing products and services. In
context of organisation, it focused on various approaches which are helpful to reducing
operational cost and high profitability margin.

TASK 4
P6) Examine the various factors of the business environment which are impact on operational
management and influencing in decision making process.
There are ample numbers of factors in external environment which are affecting
operational management function so organisation accordingly developing various strategies. In
context of organisation, it includes various external factors which are discussed below.
Corporate social responsibilities-: It is important factor which refers to Sainsbury' s
conducting various business activity for fulfilling corporate social responsibilities. It includes
their manager and leaders are committed towards this CSR activity. It is beneficial for both
organisation as well as customers (Karlsson, 2016). The main role of leaders and managers in
order to effectively formulated strategies as well as analysed the CSR activity.
Business ethic-: It is another factor which are affecting on this function in order to
managers and leaders effectively implementing strategies. It includes various issues which are
essential to reducing such as discrimination, social responsibilities, corporate governance. It
considered as role of managers and leaders set the standard and code of conduct in order to
effectively follow.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that operation management is function
which are effectively utilised by various tool and techniques in order to producing final products.
It includes various management approaches, theories and model in order to achieving
organisation goal and objectives. It includes role of managers and leaders pays vital role as well
as formulating new strategies, guiding employees and providing training for employees. It
considered as importance of operation management and various external factors which are
impact on this functions.

REFERENCES
The Books and Journal
Barnes, D., 2018. Operations Management. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Chary, S.N., 2017. Production and operations management. McGraw Hill Education.
Chibili, M., 2017. Modern hotel operations management. Routledge.
Demeter, K., 2017. Research in global operations management: some highlights and potential
future trends. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management.
Enyinda, C., 2017. Modeling enterprise risk management in operations and supply chain: A
pharmaceutical firm context. Operations and Supply Chain management: An
International Journal, 11(1), pp.1-12.
Fiorentino, R., 2016. Operations strategy: a firm boundary-based perspective. Business Process
Management Journal.
Heaslip, G., 2018. Editorial for special issue on: humanitarian operations management.
Heizer, J., 2016. Operations management, 11/e. Pearson Education India.
J Childe, S., 2017. Case studies in the management of operations.
Karlsson, C. ed., 2016. Research methods for operations management. Routledge.
Karlsson, C., 2016. Research in operations management. Research Methods for Operations
Management, pp.23-61.
Lee, C.K.H., 2018. A review of applications of genetic algorithms in operations
management. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 76, pp.1-12.
Nonogaki, Y., NEC Corp, 2016. Operations management system, operations management
method and program thereof. U.S. Patent 9,417,940.
Slack, N., 2018. Essentials of operations management. Pearson UK.

Wu, D., 2016. Risk management and operations research: a review and introduction to the
special volume. Annals of Operations Research, 237(1-2), pp.1-5.