Operations Management: A Literature Review

This assignment delves into the multifaceted realm of operations management by conducting a thorough literature review. It examines a wide array of concepts and practices within the field, drawing upon scholarly articles and publications to provide a comprehensive understanding of current trends, challenges, and advancements in operations management.

UNIT 4
Management & Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1. Various roles and characteristics of a leader and a manger.............................................3
TASK 2...........................................................................................................................................5
P2.Roles and functions of a leader an manger in various situation .......................................5
P3.Various theories and models of approach including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency....................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P6. Various factors which impact operation management and decision making within the
business environment.............................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management and Operations is an area of management that are concerned with designing
and controlling the production process of goods and services and redesigning the business
operation in the production of products and services. Management help in controlling the
business of an organisation and managing the organisation's factors. This report is based on
management and operation of Ubar. It is a transportation and delivery company which is founded
by Travis Kalanick and garrett Camp in 2009. It operates its business in 786 metropolitan areas
worldwide. Its platforms can be accessed via its websites and mobile apps. This assignment
talks about the roles and function of leader and manger within the organisation, different theories
and models of leadership and key approaches of operation management and factors that impact
upon the business environment.
TASK 1
P1. Various roles and characteristics of a leader and a manger
A leader is a person who influence and motivate an individual or a group of employees
within the organisation to achieve a goal. He is the in charge and have the capacity to convinces
others to follow them. A leader sets clear vision and mission for an organisation and influence
the employees to achieve it for the growth of both as well as organisation and employees.
A manger is a person who makes rules, regulation, polices , procedures an act so that the
organisation run properly and the resources within the organisation work in a proper manner. He
is responsible to control and monitor or managing a company and help in decision making and
solve the problem of his employees.
Roles and characteristics of a leader and manger
Roles of a leader
A leader is an important person who an organisation proper running and growth by
motivating its employees and supporting the organisation. There are some roles of a leader which
help in the growth of Uber business (Ellitan, 2017).

Setting goals- A leader help Uber o set its goal because if the company have not set its
goals any function of the company cannot work properly.
Coordination- In Uber , a leader help in coordinate the employees when they are doing
work in in group or task.
Motivation and direction- They help the employees of Uber when they are feeling
demotivate, the leader provide motivation and directing them for achieving the organisational
goals and objectives(Eraki, 2015).
Characteristics of a Leader
The characteristics of a leader are as following :
Communication- A leader has communication skill then he will motivate the employees
of the company and they are also ready to hear him and make communication with the leader in a
proper way.
Ability to inspire- The leader could inspire the employees if he had this quality, he
inspires the employees and do that work by them in which they have not interest to do.
Positive attitude- It is important quality of a leader, he should have always positive
attitude. By his positive attitude, he can motivate and direct the employees.
Roles of a manager
A manger plays various roles in the organisation not only as a team leader but as a
planner, organiser, coach problem solver and as a decision maker. The roles of a manger are as
following:
Interpersonal- A manager should communicate and involve in human interaction so that
it can know about the employee’s problems and can solve them.
Informational- If the manager of Uber interpersonal with the employees it can get the
information from them related the organisation or work and sharing and analysing the
information.
Decisional- The manger is provide the resources to the employees if he will not about the
resources, there are lack of the resources in the company and the workers will not do work
properly. He takes decision and make rules and policies within the organisation (Fan, Liu and
Zhang, 2015).
Characteristics of a manger
The characteristics of a manger are as following:

Experienced-If a manger have not experience, he cannot manage and monitor or control
an organisation. He should have the experience of different fields of the organisation.
Knowledge- A manger should have knowledge related the rules, regulations and
management so that it can help n the organisation growth.
Compresion between leader and manger:
Leader Manager
In Uber leader create vision for the company.
Leader are always ready to take risks of the
organisation.
Leaders build relationship in the company.
In organization, manger create goals for the
company.
Manger are control the risks which are occurs
in the company.
Mangers build systems and process.
TASK 2
P2.Roles and functions of a leader a manger in various situation
The various situations are described as follows:-
Stable situation: If the business of Uber is stable the manager of the company should
make policies and procedures for the movement of business and growth of the organisation. For
example, If any product of Uber is not sale in the market and stability occurs towards that
product, then the manger try to find out the cause for which the production is stop of that product
and make policies for solution (Idris, 2016). The responsibilities of the leader is that he should
motivate the employees for adept that policies and work according them and motivate the
employees for the work. leader understand the employees for the work and the policies and
procedures so that they can accept and do work according the policies.
Moderate situation: The moderation in the business is a big situation which impact the
business of Uber. There are create moderation related to any product or services, the manger
trying to find out the reason. If the reason was quality of the product, he will warn the workers
and employees for using good raw material and provide training to them, related to their work. n
this situation the leader use its skills and understand them the bad impact of the bad product that
how they crate the impact of the organisation. And motivate them for training program so that
they can do their work properly (Ma and Sun, 2012).

Fast changing situation: In this situation the manger organise various session, training
program and coaching related to various technologies for their employees because now these
days various technologies are use in the growth of the business. If the employees re aware with
them the organisation provide them by this way. The leader will directing and motivating the
employees so that they learn them and get knowledge about them and help Uber in its growth.
P3.Various theories and models of approach including situational leadership, systems leadership
and contingency
Hersey and Ken Blanchard's situational theory
This theory is given by Hersey and Ken Blanchard to match a leader's behaviour with
their performance needs within the organisation. In Uber this theory use for solving the
problem. There are three leadership style and four maturity level within this theory (Nayak,
2015).
Telling(S1)- In this style, the leader of Uber communicates with the employees and take
decision according the situation by using its decision-making skill. This style is a authoritative
and directive approach.
Selling(S2)- In this style, the leader gives free ideas and suggestions and make objectives
and divide the roles of the employees and employer according the work to achieve the objectives.
Participating(S3)- In this , the leader offer less direction and allow the employees to take
more active roles and initiative which generate ideas and help in decision making for the work
(Pakistan, 2012).
Delegating(S4)-In this style the leadership is less involved and the employees or group
members delegate and responsible for the work.
Maturity levels
M1- In this, lack of knowledge and skills within the employees.
M2- In this level, lack of ability in the employees for doing the work.
M3- The employees have knowledge and skills but they are not willingly ready tot do
work.
M4- In this level, the employees have skills and knowledge and they have will to
complete the work.
System leadership Theory

This theory is given by Rensis Likert and this theory enables the leaders in an
organisation to create the conditions according the employees where people can work
productively to their potentials. This theory includes four systems such as:
Exploitative- In this style the changes and conflicts are on high level and the leader not
communicate to the employees and use methods related to threats and fear based and the
employees are not do their work properly.
Benevolent- In this style the control of the leader are less on the employees. In Uber the
the employees motivation is depend on the rewards and awards not fear and threats.
Consultative- in this the employees are feel free to discuss any issues related to the organisation
to the leader. The decision are made by the heads of the organisation.
Participative- Here, the subordinates are influence and motivate to participate in the
meeting and other activities in the organisation. This style is based on the trust and confidence of
the employees and employers (Parmar, 2014).
Contingency Theory
It is a leadership theory which is given by Fred. E. Fiedler in 1960. There are two types
of leadership task and people-oriented leadership.
Task oriented- In Uber, in this approach the leader is focussed on overall success of the
organisation through completion of tasks. This style leader does not believe in relationship
building. He focusses on the goals of the organisation and create a plan and follow them to
achieve the goals and for the employees he create a framework for their work so that they can
help him to achieve the goal (Plesser and et. al., 2014).
People Oriented- In Uber, in this style the leader believes in generating relationship
between with employees and employer. They care about the task and goals but they believe that
if the workplace culture is good the employees are do their work properly and finish it on time.
TASK 3
Covered in PPT
TASK 4
P6. Various factors which impact operation management and decision making within the
business environment
Covered in to Booklet

CONCLUSION
This assignment is concluded difference between the leader and a manger and the roles
and the characteristics of manger and leader of Uber in various situation. In this report various
theories and models of approach such as situational theory, system leadership theory and
contingency theory are briefly explained. The key approaches of the operational management
and the role that leaders and mangers play to improve the efficiency of the organisation are
defined. Operation management importance and value and the factors of business environment
which create the impact upon operational management and decision making by leader and
manger are describe in a well manner.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Boyd, A. H. and Dougherty, G. M., 2016. Seed Processing Operations-Mangement.
Ellitan, L., 2017. The role of environmental uncertainty, competitive strategy, and operation
strategy to achieve competitive advantage: the case of east java manufacturing SMEs.
EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR). 3(11). pp.8-23.
Eraki, M. E., 2015. Outcome of one stage transanal endorectal pullthrough for mangement of
hirschsprung’s disease. Zagazig University Medical Journal. 17(3).
Fan, W., Liu, N. and Zhang, J., 2015, November. Multi-objective optimization model for energy
mangement of household micro-grids participating in demand response. In Innovative
Smart Grid Technologies-Asia (ISGT ASIA), 2015 IEEE (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Han, W., and et. al., 2017. The experience of diagnosis and mangement in coexisting
ureteropelvic junction obstruction and nonreflux megaureter. Chinese Journal of
Urology. 38(2). pp.95-98.
Idris, M.S.A.B.M., 2016. Control methods on yield and mangement cost of paddy in ledang,
johor.
Ma, G. and Sun, L., 2012. The Design and Implement of FPSO Assets Management System.
Procedia Environmental Sciences. 12. pp.484-490.
Nayak, B. B., 2015. RFID Based Attendance Mangement System Using Labview (Doctoral
dissertation).
Pakistan, S., 2012. Potentials for improving water and agriculture productivity in Sindh,
Pakistan.
Parmar, L., 2014. An evaluation study of farmer's field school on soybean mangement practices
conducted by agriculture department of tikamgarh district of madhya pradesh (Doctoral
dissertation, JNKVV).
Plesser, S., and et. al., 2014. The energy Navigator-A web based platform for functional quality
mangement in buildings. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.2364.
Tristancho, J. and Gutiérrez, J. L., 2012. Simplified Femto-satellite Operations for Disaster
Mangement Missions. UPCommons, Vol.
Wang, M., Jie, F. and Abareshi, A., 2015. The role of innovation capability and operation
capability in logistics performance of transport firms: a conceptual framework. In AAOM
2015: Innovation for and from Asian Emerging Markets(pp. 39-52). The Chinese
University of Hong Kong.
Wen-chao, W., Fan, Z. and Wen-wen, L., 2012. Experience of Effective Operation of Laboratory
Mangement in Coal Fields. Shandong Coal Science and Technology. 4. p.172.
Williams, V. R., 2015. Economic development through microinsurance & thrift mangement a
case of underprivileged sections of society. International Journal of Sociology, Social
Anthropology and Social Policy. 1(1). pp.38-45.
XIANG, Y. Z., Chen, F. Q. and Zhang, s. S., 2013. Case Analysis of Operation Resource
Utilization Efficiency and Medical Level Improvement through Performance
Mangement. Chinese Health Economics. 3. p.030.
Yun, L., and et. al., 2018. Clinical application of ERAS program in perioperative mangement of
robot-assisted gastrectomy for gastric cancer: Experiences from single-center. Clinical
Nutrition ESPEN. 25. p.185.
Online

Operations Management. 2018. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/operations-management.asp>.