Public Services in Contemporary Society

This report discusses the struggle of police services in achieving policing consent, assesses the police response to the Black Lives Matter protest in the UK, and explores the structure of police with a focus on accountability. It also examines the sources of funding for organizations and the implications of austerity on the police and its response to the Black Lives Matter movement.

UNIT 4: PUBLIC SERVICES IN
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

TABLE OF CONTENTS
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Investigate police service struggle to achieve policing consent since its inception in 1829.......3
Assess police response to Black live matter protest in UK in 2020 and it impact on public
confidence....................................................................................................................................4
Structure of police with particular focus on accountability.........................................................5
Sources of funding for your organization and assessing the implication austerity on the police
and its response to the Black Lives Matter..................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Public service are services that are offered or controlled by the government so that people
can live better lifestyle and the economy can grow at rapid phase. This report is about the quest
for public confidence in which the power of police has been derived from consent of public as
opposed to power of state. So it is policy that has been made because of public cooperation rather
than fear. Black live matter protest is movement that has been caused in UK due to wide spread
discrimination and injustice in society so it has raise voice against the same. Thereby, it has
analysis on Black lives matter protests across the United Kingdom 2020, investigate on police
services struggle in achieving the policy consent. At the same time it has contain detailed retailed
to assess police response to Black live matter protect and it impacts on public confidence.
Furthermore, it covers structures of police with particular focus on accountability, source of
funding and implications of austerity on police and response to Black live matter protests.
MAIN BODY
Investigate police service struggle to achieve policing consent since its inception in 1829
From the research it has been found out that since inception in 1829, the power of police
majorly drive from consent of people. With increase in number of crime in society, the people
need to obey to rules, regulation as well as procedure that are made by government or cooperate
with the law. Police service has struggled a lot in achieving the policing consent since its
inception in 1829 such as European monarch struggled a lot in coordinating diverse regional
groups in terms of national loyalty and nationalism likewise of countries such as France, Italy
and Spain. Moreover, in United Kingdom there is somewhat different model of policing is
applied with increase in crime and disorder. The policy of consent emphasis that the public needs
to wholly give consent to idea that member of community should trust the law and helps police
to effective exercise the power (Popescu, 2017). So it can be stated as following transparency
about the power, integrating about the way power will be used and accountability for doing
thereby peace and harmony can be made in society. Or people have better place to live that have
less criminal and other cases. The key struggle that police services face in context of policing
consent is culture change, as there had been initial opposition of the Metropolitan police in
London by the working class. Many of them states that police have successfully completed their
work through legitimacy over 100 years but it has again lost the confidence and trust of people.
At the same time, police service was also not much comfortable with the policing consent as the

public will decide power that police while performing its several tasks and responsibilities. In
addition to this public are less aware about roles, duties and responsibilities that need to be
completed by police thus they are not able to effectively decide amount of power that need to be
provided to policy (Laffin, 2018). So, many of the police service disagree that public consent
related to deciding power that they need to give is not appropriate, so they have not followed the
same. Lack of trust and confidence among public is the biggest struggle that has been face due to
policing consent. Therefore, it can be stated that main challenge that has been face by public
service is not appropriate support has been provided by the public related to the same which has
lead in challenges pertaining to power given to individuals.
Assess police response to Black live matter protest in UK in 2020 and it impact on public
confidence
Black live matter protest has been initially started by the three women in 2013 such as
Alicia Garza and Opal tometi in US. The protest was against the George Zimmerman that has
killed black teenager Trayvon Martin in Florida. While Black live matter in UK has been started
in 2016 as national shutdown that has lead in block road for several hours. The protest was
against the racism and climate change. The protest has been started I June 2020 in Nottigham
and it was estimated that 3000 people have stand in socially distance solidarity so furthermore it
has sparked into social media. Policy inability to harness policing by consent has claim of
institutional racism, disproportionate use of force and discriminatory policing (Titelius, 2020).
The movement of Black live matter protest have been started in United Kingdom because of the
death of George Floyd. As many of the people states that there is high discrimination among
people on basis of caste, religion and gender that need to be eradicated. The policy of UK in
response to the Black live matter protest in UK in 2020 has take several measure so that its
impact can be reduced such as it has conducted inquiry related to racial discrimination. Police
have make use of their power and force to stop the protest so that no harm or conflict can be
caused in society any more. So effectively response of police towards the movement has helped
in reducing its impact to some extend (Broughton, 2019).
This protest has negatively impact on public confidence as many of the people that are
living in UK has protest so that they can also have equal opportunities and chance. It has broke
their trust and confidence level to much extend. Such as there are various post that has been
made on social media related in terms of images and message of George Floyd and Breonna

taylor. Most of the people feel that they have been ignored, and we are not being directly spoken
to thus they are emphasizing on ending the racial discrimination in criminal justice. Moreover,
reforming the education system, racial health disparities and many more so that they all have
equal opportunities as well as access to facilities to live better lifestyles. Likewise, Aima is one
of the protestor that has specified that “ we have been ignored or not being heard, and we are not
being seriously taken”. So as per their perspectives it is major issue that all of them face in
society thereby they have started a Black live matter protest in UK in 2020 in order to get equal
chance and opportunities as other people (Marsh, 2018). They have loss confidence and trust
thereby they are still moving and marching in UK to have equal right and access to other things.
Furthermore, it has been identified that there are various organization such as Manchester,
Sheffield, Leeds and Bristol that are active part of movement so that no injustice can be caused
to any individual. So as per their perspective it is not just an movement but really angered
towards the government of UK that have not maintained equality in society and promote racism
discrimination. They want that the message should be persistent and continue related to Black
lives matter so that change can be made as soon as possible. At the same time it has been
identified that the overall stress level of public has been increased to maximum extend due to
movement because of racial tension or promotion of discrimination within the society. Therefore,
it can be stated through analysis that public confidence has been reduced because of unethical or
injustice practices within the society (Williamson, Trump and Einstein, 2018).
Structure of police with particular focus on accountability
Police is responsible for maintaining law and order in the society through effectively
implementing the policies and procedure that are made by government for benefits of all. Police
though performing their task responsibly. “Office of constable” and “ police force” are two legal
entities of police services. Moreover, the police officers rank each individual hold office
constable and grant them power to prevent, detect and investigate type of crime prevailing in the
society. In England and Wales there are 43 forces and UL force have different size, ranging
from 28000 police officers to 700-800 officer in smaller forces. In addition to this in police force,
every police officer is member that organized, coordinates crime fighting so that people in
society can live peacefully. The chief officers are ultimately or mainly responsible for effective
operational of their forces (Leopold and Bell, 2017). On the other hand, the Northern Ireland
Executive and Scottish government are responsible for deciding the police services so that they

can be effectively managed and control and crime can be reduced to maximum extend. At the
same time the police officer has been given certain power so that it can easily execute its
respective duties and take active part in maintaining peace in society. For examples: protection
of life, preservation of peace and detective criminal offences are primary duties that are
performed by the police officers. Likewise, there are official bodies that are responsible for
examination and assessment of police forces so that various requirements can be maintained and
crime rate can be reduced in society (Cooper, 2020). HMICFRS is organization that has statutory
responsibilities to supervise or inspect the police force with an motivate to ensure that all task
has been completed as desired and there are minimum chance of mistake so that less harm can be
cause to people staying in society. So, overall clarity related to task and procedure that need to be
completed by police has helped in maintaining accountability and smooth achievement of goals.
There are less chance of conflict and contradiction related to activities or roles that will be
performed by each member as they are accountable for their respective task (Tankebe, 2019).
Effective police structure has contributed in maintaining accountability related to the way
particular task will be completed by specific individuals so that there are less chance of
confusion and contradiction. It helps in reducing the level of time in resolving the various issue
that are face in society as each individual in police services is effectively performing its services
in the best possible manner. They are well-known about task or procedure that need to be
followed in order to resolve particular criminal and civil cases that lead in maintaining
accountability (Holdaway, 2017). Therefore, emphasis has been made on structure of police with
context of accountability of task that needs to be performed by member to maintained harmony
and peace in the society.
Sources of funding for your organization and assessing the implication austerity on the police
and its response to the Black Lives Matter
The Black Lives Matter was a decentralized political and social movement for protesting
against incident of police brutality. This included all the racially motivated violence against the
black people. This includes specific organisations like the Black Lives Matter Global Network
which label itself as simply black lives matter (Maharawal, 2017). In July 2013 this movement
initiated with the use of hashtag #BlackLivesMatter over social media after the acquittal of
George Zimmerman in shooting death of African American teen Trayvon Martin 17 months
earlier in February 2012. This movement return to the headlines and gained international

attention during the George Floyd protest in 2020. Hence in the movement there was the use of
funds very necessary for effective working and taking care of the protest. This is particularly
because of the reason that for the organisations it is very essential to have fun so that they can
assist in effective continuation of the protest. The reason behind this fact is that without money
nothing can happen and for organising the protest it is very essential to have a good amount of
funds.
Hence, the organisations dealing with in the protests such as black lives matter global
network involves the use of different sources of funds (Özbilgin and Erbil, 2021). This is very
essential because without money nothing can be attained and for getting justice to use of money
is also very essential. In the year 2015, Politico reported that the use of democratic alliance was
made in order to arrange funds for the Black lives matter movement. This democracy alliance is
a type of network including progressive donors who co-ordinate all their political donations
within a group which the alliance has endorsed. Here all the interested donors donate their
money within the democracy alliance and this alliance is being created for the movement for
which fund is to be raised.
Thus, in the present case the democratic alliance included the moment black lives matter
and the Democratic Party donors are planning to meet with the leader of the groups who are
endorsing the black lives movement. In addition to this Solidaire, the donor coalition focusing on
movement building and this is led by Texas oil fortune heir Leah Hunt- Hendrix who is the
member of democracy alliance has donated more than $ 200000 within the black lives matter
movement till 2015.
Furthermore, with the evaluation of the data and other sources it was evaluated that the
funding of the police of Wales and England involves and comprises of the following funding
streams-
The first include the home office police main grant which is allocated through the police
allocation formula.
In addition to this it also includes the home of a specific grounds for example the counter
terrorism police grant (Cullen and Murphy, 2020).
Along with this it also includes the funding from the Department for the Communities
and Local Government (DCLG) and the Welsh Government (WG). This is being provided from

2013/ 14 the vast majority of funding provided under the DCLG provided to the police has been
transferred to the Home Office and in addition to this it is also paid to the Police Main Grant.
Moreover, the source of funding involves the small amount of the grant funding from the
MOJ for commissioning victims services along with the council tax.
The funding also involves other income such as the local counting of ring funding for the
PCS and the revenues from policing special events like football matches and other sponsorship
programs. In addition to this there are also Central Government funding which is helpful for
arranging for funds. A home office police grant report states that overall police funding totals
and integrative level allocation funding streams set out for the four years. The ways in which the
central funding for polishing is elevated involves a very complex procedure for stop the home
office is currently carrying out the work of identifying different ways for improvement and
potential simplifying of the funding allocation. In addition to this there are also some forces are
known and the central government funding is trying to find these forces and try to provide fund
to the relevant people (Schaffer, 2020).
Along with this the spending revenue reductions is also granted provided to the police.
This police grant was around 20% and translated into resume on your reduction of 5.6 % in 11-
12 and 7.6% in 12- 13. Furthermore it witnessed a reduction of 4.4 % in 2013 and 14. As a part
of the wider government policy for reducing the number of individuals within the funding stream
the government has decided in consolidating the number of police funding streams. This was
particularly done because of the reason that there are many different schemes through which
fund are being provided and it is very confusing. For instance for 2013-14 the ring-fenced
neighbourhood policing fund was rolled into the police main grant. In addition to this the
community safety fund was also being rolled into the police Maine grand fund. This was done in
order to minimise the different funds into a single category only. In addition to this from 2013-14
the Local Council Tax Support Grant Funding having worth value of pound 400 million was
being provided to the PCC. Furthermore, for the year 2014-15 this amount was been transferred
from DCLG within the home office and is to be included in the police settlement.
Sources analysis
The present study involves the use of different secondary sources. The use of secondary
sources was undertaken because it is very easy to analyse the various secondary sources. the
secondary sources involves the use of books, articles, journals, e- papers and other relevant data

being published on the different sites over the internet. The use of different sources of
publication was credible because all these sources provide relevant and authentic information
relating to black lives matter and other aspect. In addition to this, the tone used within all these
post work factual and relevant. Along with these it can also be stated that it was easy to apply the
policing by consent to all these sources. This is particularly because of the reason that all the
sources used were related to the black lives matter only. Hence, it can be stated that all the
different sources being undertaken for the use of the study are all relevant and authentic and
provides all the relevant information for the completion of the study.
CONCLUSION
The present report summarise the fact that the public services are defined as to services
offered are controlled by government in order to assist people living a better life. The present
study was based on the quest of public confidence where in the power of police was derived
from consent of the public opposed by the state. The black lives matter protest was discussed
within the report which is a movement caused in UK because of injustice and discrimination
cause within the society in. The current study will outline the complete investigation of the
policy servicing struggle in order to achieve the policing by consent. In addition to this sum the
assessment of police response to the black lives matter protest across UK and its impact over
public confidence was also underlined. In addition to this the structure of police and the different
sources of funding of the organisation were also being undertaken within the study.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Broughton, C., 2019. When the State Meets the Street: Public Service and Moral Agency.
Cooper, S. J., 2020. Police and Crime Commissioners: a corrosive exercise of power which
destabilises police accountability?. Criminal Law Review, 2020(4), pp.291-305.
Cullen, P. and Murphy, M.P., 2020. Responses to the COVID‐19 crisis in Ireland: From
Feminized to Feminist. Gender, Work & Organization.
Holdaway, S., 2017. The re-professionalization of the police in England and Wales. Criminology
& Criminal Justice, 17(5). pp.588-604.
Laffin, M., 2018. The professions in the contemporary public sector. In Beyond
Bureaucracy? (pp. 1-17). Routledge.
Leopold, J. and Bell, M. P., 2017. News media and the racialization of protest: An analysis of
Black Lives Matter articles. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International
Journal.
Maharawal, M.M., 2017. Black Lives Matter, gentrification and the security state in the San
Francisco Bay Area. Anthropological Theory, 17(3), pp.338-364.
Marsh, W. T., 2018. Pictures Are Worth a Thousand Words: An Analysis of Visual Framing in
Civil Rights and Black Lives Matter Protest Photography (Doctoral dissertation,
Howard University).
Özbilgin, M.F. and Erbil, C., 2021. Social movements and wellbeing in organizations from
multilevel and intersectional perspectives: The case of the# blacklivesmatter
movement. The SAGE handbook of organisational wellbeing.
Popescu, V., 2017. THEORETICAL ASPECTS CONCERNING PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY. Studii Juridice şi Administrative, 17(2). pp.100-105.
Schaffer, S., 2020. Necroethics in the time of COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter. In COVID-19
(pp. 43-53). Routledge.
Tankebe, J., 2019. In their own eyes: an empirical examination of police self-
legitimacy. International Journal of comparative and applied criminal justice, 43(2).
pp.99-116.
Titelius, R., 2020. Black lives matter protest held in Perth. Guardian (Sydney), (1920), p.5.
Williamson, V., Trump, K .S . and Einstein, K. L., 2018. Black lives matter: Evidence that
police-caused deaths predict protest activity. Perspectives on Politics, 16(2). pp.400-
415.
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