Roles of Managers and Leaders in Organization Management

This document provides an overview of the roles and responsibilities of managers and leaders in organization management. It explores the difference between management and leadership. The document also discusses different approaches to leadership and management, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. It highlights the impact of managers and leaders on organizations and provides recommendations for future improvement. The subject of this document is organization management, and it is relevant for courses in business management and leadership. The document type is a report or study material.

UNIT 4

TABLE OF CONTENT
Table of Contents
PART 1.......................................................................................................................................................3
An introduction to an organization management structure......................................................................3
Definition and roles of both managers and leaders along with differentiate between management and
leadership................................................................................................................................................3
Analysis of different roles of management and leadership in different organizational situation using
theories and concepts...............................................................................................................................5
Evaluation of strength and weaknesses of different approaches to leadership and management.............7
Conclusion on how managers and leaders have impact on organization and recommendation for future
improvement............................................................................................................................................8
PART 2.......................................................................................................................................................8
An introduction to key operation of organization....................................................................................8
Details of key operational functions identifying roles and responsibilities of managers..........................8
Explanation of key operational approaches to operations management and their values.........................9
Evaluation of impact of external business environment factors that affect decision making by leaders
and managers.........................................................................................................................................11
Conclusion and recommendation for future improvement for organization...........................................12
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................13

PART 1
An introduction to an organization management structure
Management and operation is a joint term that is linked with several practices which is
associated with production control activities and many more. In this leaders and managers play a
prominent role within an organization in managing staff and motivating them for attaining goals
(Burns, 2018). This report is prepared with a view to understand role and functions of leaders
and managers in business. It also inculcates leadership theories to understand the different
perception of an organization. In this report Cranswick is to be taken where managing consultant
takes interviews of leaders and manager to understand their roles and key attributes in several
situations along with leadership approaches. The management structure of company is based on
hierarchical level where information is transfer from top to bottom.
Definition and roles of both managers and leaders along with differentiate between management
and leadership
Managers is a person who supervises and manages business activities of subordinates to ensure
that everything is done as per direction provided by leaders related to achieving goals in planned
manner in monetary and non-monetary terms (Barnes, 2018).
Roles of manager
 Establishing policies- It is an effective role that manager play in which manager
circulate, formulate rules and guidelines for carried out work properly in efficient manner
on time. It includes several policies that are issued and framed by Cranswick manager to
examine that all the task are formulate on right direction and in ethical manner.
 Delegating responsibilities- It is a manager role where they delegate responsibilities
among employees so that burden can be lower. In this manager of Cranswick organized
and formulate policy to delegate responsibilities to operational level.
Characteristics of manager

 Interpersonal skill- A manager of a company having interpersonal skill such as effective
communication skill, ability to delegate responsibilities, good listener etc. to ensure that
all goals and objectives are attained in appropriate manner.
 Time management skill- This feature reflects that time is more precious thing where
manager ensures that employees are completing their assignment without wasting time in
effective way (Lee, 2018). Due to this manager of Cranswick possess time management
skill.
Leader is a person who leads the team at front and represents team as a whole. Leader is the one
who is responsible and accountable for outcomes of individual working. In this leader also make
sure that team does their efforts for attaining goals and objectives.
Role of leaders
 Provides direction- It is a responsibility of a leader that provides direction to
organization employees for attaining goals and objectives (Choi, Wallace and Wang,
2018). In case of Cranswick, leaders focus on organization aim for developing huge
customers’ base by producing best quality food.
 Boost employee morale- It is a significant role of leader in which leader focus on
encouraging team members for working efficiently for achieving vision of organization.
In this Cranswick manager focus on boosting morale of their team by using financial and
non-financial aspects.
Characteristics of leaders
 Effective communicator- A leader should be an effective communicator who transfers
all information and guidance to employees for completing targets efficiently. In
Cranswick, leader effectively communicates the information to employees so that goals
are attained on time.
 Charismatic- Leaders within an organization are known for their charisma and become
an idol person for their team who conveys vision and mission of company to every
individual so that they effectively understand working criteria. In Cranswick, leaders are
known for their charismatic work as they convey all thoughts and figures effectively to
employees.

Differentiate between leader and manager
Basis Leader Manager
Role Role of leader is to encourage and
lead people for achieving goals of
company.
Role of manager is to directed vision
of company for gaining profitable
outcomes.
Characteristic Leaders are idol of good
communicator within company for
team members.
Managers having interpersonal skill to
done operations smoothly.
Theories It involves system, situational
theory (Kumar, Mookerjee and
Shubham, 2018).
It includes autocratic, bureaucratic
theory, scientific theory.
Analysis of different roles of management and leadership in different organizational situation
using theories and concepts
In a business firm it is highly necessary to apply leadership approach for effectively
control and measures operations of business in different situation. In terms of Cranswick, they
want to focus on gaining competitive advantage. For effectively gaining competitive advantage
firm need to understand role and function of leader and manager in different situation that are
presented below:
Situation 1: Crises management
In this situation businesses are focus on managing things by facing critical issues. Within
this issue firm get involved in disruptive business operations due to which stakeholders of a
company are present as threats (Gibson and Parkman, 2018). To manager this situation leader
and manager of Cranswick play vital role that reflected below:
Role of leader
 In this situation leader of Cranswick offer effective leadership so that they appropriately
control the business and cover it up from present crises situation.

 In this leader of Cranswick play a spokesperson role in front of media and various
stakeholders to maintain trust over business.
Function of manager
 In crises situation manager of Cranswick gather information from several sources to brief
leaders so that they appropriately convey it to team members.
 The main function of manager in this situation is to examine function of every
department employees so that additional work load is handled appropriately and task are
attained.
Situation2: New launch of product
When new product is launched by Cranswick than it new standards and policies are
demonstrated below so that new product places their position in effective manner. In terms of
Cranswick manager and leader play prominent role and function at the time of launching new
product in market.
Role of leader
 In this leader play a role of conveying vision and strategies to their team members that
are needed at the time of new product launch to exploit market opportunities.
 In this leaders play a role of presenter where they present the company new offering to
market through media and television.
Function of manager
 In this manager of Cranswick play a function of setting price of new offering. And also
focus on recruiting new staff to develop manufacturing efficacy.
 Another major function of manager is to attract customers towards new launch of
products so that high profitable results are enjoyed by an organization.
For every different situation Cranswick focus on adopting different leadership approaches
that helps in controlling the business efficiency appropriately. In terms of Cranswick several
leadership approaches are demonstrated below:

 Situational leadership- This approach states that there is no one way to lead the business
effectively, that means business can lead as per situation occur. In these leaders adopts
flexible style that helps an organization to adopt change effectively. In this leaders of
Cranswick use democratic style of leadership to get success at the tie of complex
situation occurs. As per Blamchard and Hersey several factors of this leadership approach
are presented below:
o Telling- In this leaders of Cranwick takes decisions by selecting the best idea
related to situation and communicate it to their team members . (Svensson and
Hedman, 2018)
o Selling- In this leader try to sell their ideas related to working to employees so
that they work according to directions they got.
o Delegating- within this leaders of Cranswick delegate responsibilities among
teammates so that they take decisions related to task.
o Participating- In this leaders try to encourage their subordinates to share new
ideas and boost morale so that relation between employees are strong and working
environment reflects positive.
 System leadership- It refers to the set of skills and capabilities that is used by leaders to
implement change in system of organization. It is a integration of leadership style and
innovation. In this style team members are open to perform their task effective and
efficient. It helps leaders of Cranswick to manage business operations effectively and
maintain superiority and control. In this Cranswick have separate department of HR,
Production, r&d etc. so that activities can be done appropriately. This will reflect
interdependency between departments that develops growth of company.
Evaluation of strength and weaknesses of different approaches to leadership and management
Basis Strength Weaknesses
Situational leadership It helps workers to stay happy
and comfortable along with it
also develops efficiency of
employees by providing
proper direction to them.
It is not effective for attaining
long term goal within
Cranswick. To identify the
situation it is reflected that
gathered information is not

enough to make decisions.
System leadership This approach of leadership is
quite effective for attaining
personal and business goals in
collective manner.
In this decision making is take
more time and also creates
conflicts within Cranswick.
Conclusion on how managers and leaders have impact on organization and recommendation for
future improvement
From above analysis it is presented that leaders and manger of an organization impact
majorly on company. In this if manager and leader cannot perform their role properly than
company face major losses in marketplace. On the other hand if manager and leader perform
their task effectively than it gives proficient results to business entity long term survival. For
future improvements leaders and manager timely diagnoses the company strength and weakness
so that they take decisions according to that and gain profitable results.
PART 2
An introduction to key operation of organization
Operation within an organization refers to a work for managing the inner workings of
business so that it run smoothly. Second part is based on operation management along with
importance of operation management in business firm (Qi and Shen, 2019). This report is based
on Cranswick Plc. that is a leading UK producer of food that also supply premium, fresh and
value added food to customers. To effectively manage the company operation several aspects are
included such as total quality management, lean principle and many more.
Details of key operational functions identifying roles and responsibilities of managers
All business enterprise are effectively use several activities that directly impact on
business and its activities (Lee and Tang, 2018). In this Cranswick is a leading food producing
company that have prominent market position in UK and worldwide. To get high competitive
advantage within marketplace there are several key operational functions where manager play
significant role and responsibilities which are demonstrating below:

 Planning- It is a key operational function where manager play a role of planning and
implementing strategies that helps in attaining business goals. In case of Cranswick
manager can plan effective path to effectively done the operations so that profitable
results are enjoyed.
 Organizing- In this approach all functions of business are arranges in such a manner that
provides proper supervision to carry out business operations efficiently.
 Directing- Within this aspect appropriate direction is to be required by manager to
manage subordinates so that they perform their task effectively.
 Controlling- In this factor performance of employees are to be measured and corrective
actions are to be taken by Cranswick manager in order to get efficient results.
Explanation of key operational approaches to operations management and their values
There are several approaches of operation management that are useful for business in
managing operational activities proficiently (de Sousa Jabbour and et. al., 2019). These are very
useful for Cranswick to handle efficiency in operations in prominent manner. Few approaches
are presented below:
Sig sigma- It refers to an approach that focused on minimizing defects in manufacturing
process so that highly efficient products are reflected. This approach presents that defects in
manufacturing a lot should not be more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities that cause
dissatisfaction of customers. Due to implementing this approach Cranswick get quality products
with full improvements in manufacturing to minimize defects. It includes an approach called
DMAIC that elaborated below:
D- Defines the issues and project objectives
M- Measuring in detail several aspects related to present process.
A- Examine data to recognize defects in production process.
I- Improving process
C- Controlling process for completing activities in future context.

Lean Principle- It refers to that approach of operation management which emphasis on
eliminating waste and unessential expenses to provide highest value to customers by providing
product and services. It is an effective approach that emphasis on cutting down the activities
which is not important (Sabbaghtorkan, Batta and He, 2020). It includes five principles by which
an organization get efficient workforce to satisfy their customers with Cranswick offerings.
In this leaders and manager have significant role which is associated with operation management
approaches. It is elaborated as below:
Provides direction- leaders can direct their subordinates where managers are responsible
to supervise leaders and check every detail of activities. In this leader of Cranswick offers
direction within production process whereas manager is accountable to check the process so that
target related to production is done properly.
Bringing quality initiatives- In an organization leader and manager play a prominent
role in maintaining quality initiatives so that competitive identity is to be maintained within
marketplace. Main role of leader is to effectively implement operation management approaches
like JIT, TQM etc.
Value of operation management within an organization:

 Product quality- It is one of the major significance of operation management where
using the several operational approaches helps in providing the quality products and
services that suits the customers.
 Customer satisfaction- It is another valuable factor that reflects due to usage of
operation management approaches. Due to implementation of approaches of operation
management customers are satisfied that presents profitable results in company long term
survival.
Evaluation of impact of external business environment factors that affect decision making by
leaders and managers
It is to be reflected that decision making of Cranswick are based on external environment
because it plays a significant role in affecting decision making of leaders and manager.
 CSR- It described as that extent of business in which business are focused on taking care
of social, economic and environmental impact that is associated with firm activities
(Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018). In case of Cranswick, manager and leaders are highly
impact the CSR and adopting this present re-cycling process so that efficient results are
present to minimize industrial wastage. In this manager of Cranswick take care of their
transportation policies that are eco-friendly.
 Ethics- It refers to the code of conduct within an organization that present fair treatment
of customers, suppliers, employees and stakeholders. Due to this factor business can
creates gap between good and business practices. In case of Cranswick, managers adopt
ethics to safeguard the interest of employees and several other stakeholders. In this
manager and leader are take decisions which are profitable to employees and whole
business organization. In this manager of company also make rule of thumb for ethical
code of conduct within business to take decisions related to ethical practices.
 Sustainability- It means when an organization survives for a longer time period without
any obstacle. As Cranswick, is a leading multinational company that focuses on the
sustainability by providing innovative products to keep their customers for longer period
of time. In this manager have the responsibilities to take decisions related to
implementing the projects effectively and efficiently. This will reflect value in the eyes of

company. In this leaders have impact on taking decisions related to achieving business
objectives in effective manner.
Conclusion and recommendation for future improvement for organization
From above analysis it is concluded that operation management is very vital for
organization smooth working. In this several approaches of operations are inculcated that helps
employees to smoothly done their task without any wastage. In this future recommendation is
also presented that is firm will focus on regular training and development session, implement
two way communication so that these approaches are to be used best that shows positive
outcomes in attaining business objectives.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Barnes, D., 2018. Operations Management. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Burns, M.G., 2018. Port management and operations. CRC press.
Choi, T.M., Wallace, S.W. and Wang, Y., 2018. Big data analytics in operations
management. Production and Operations Management. 27(10). pp.1868-1883.
de Sousa Jabbour, A.B.L and et. al., 2019. Circular economy business models and operations
management. Journal of cleaner production, 235, pp.1525-1539.
Gibson, P. and Parkman, R., 2018. Cruise operations management: Hospitality perspectives.
Routledge.
Kumar, S., Mookerjee, V. and Shubham, A., 2018. Research in operations management and
information systems interface. Production and Operations Management. 27(11).
pp.1893-1905.
Lee, C.K.H., 2018. A review of applications of genetic algorithms in operations
management. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 76. pp.1-12.
Lee, H.L. and Tang, C.S., 2018. Socially and environmentally responsible value chain
innovations: New operations management research opportunities. Management
Science. 64(3). pp.983-996.
Qi, W. and Shen, Z.J.M., 2019. A smart‐city scope of operations management. Production and
Operations Management. 28(2). pp.393-406.
Sabbaghtorkan, M., Batta, R. and He, Q., 2020. Prepositioning of assets and supplies in disaster
operations management: Review and research gap identification. European Journal of
Operational Research. 284(1). pp.1-19.
Slack, N. and Brandon-Jones, A., 2018. Operations and process management: principles and
practice for strategic impact. Pearson UK.
Svensson, A. and Hedman, E., 2018, September. Knowledge management for operations
management within health care. In European Conference on Knowledge
Management (pp. 847-XXVI). Academic Conferences International Limited.