Theories, Principles, and Models of Learning in Teaching and Assessment

This report explores the theories, principles, and models of learning and how they can be applied to teaching, learning, and assessment. It discusses the importance of individual learning preferences and inclusive teaching. It also analyzes theories and models of curriculum development, reflection, and evaluation. The report concludes with an evaluation of the effectiveness of assessment practices.

Theories, principles
and models to achieve
inspirational teaching
and learning

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
Evaluation of Effectiveness of the assessment practice..............................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
Books and Journal........................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Learning is the procedure of getting fresh and new understanding, skills, values, behavior
and preferences. This will represent the capability to learn and acquire which is influenced by the
individuals, animals and few machines (Jabbarova, 2020). This report is going to identify about
the theories principles and models of learning. Also, the ways and modes in which the models of
learning applied in the sectors of teaching, learning and assessment. This report is going to
considered DET course in which trainee teacher considered and carry out investigation and
develop knowledge of theories principles and models.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
a) Theories, principles, models of learning and models of learning preferences
There are several kinds of theories principles which are considered in learning preferences.
Behaviorism theory this is the theory this is originated from the outcomes of the Paulo
experiments on the classical conditioning that suggest for a cyst positive experience in the
surroundings that influence the ability and the quality of the learning purpose in the individual.
This theory is a learning based on the opinion idea that all the behaviors are getting by the
conditioning or any circumstances (Deng, Benckendorff and Gannaway, 2019). conditioning or
circumstances are the terms which refers to interaction of the communication with the
environment. In this theory the learner focus on the psychology that can be objectively examined
by the observing actions and behavior.
Cognitive theories: Is theoretical structure for analyzing and understanding the mind-set which
game credence in the 1950. Cognitive theory is a learning theory which concentrates on the
process that are involved in learning rather than on observing the people or the mind set. This
theory emphasizes the innovative and attractive process and person the main mechanism of the
cognitive theory is as a basis for creative thoughts and innovative ideas.
Pedagogy this is the most common method to understand as the approach of teaching in this
theory on model learning and how this process influences the psychological political and social
development of the any learner.
Andragogy: Is the method which refers to the principle and the laws which are used in adult
education. This theory also refers to the instructions or orders for human’s requirement in order
to focus on the process in less than on the content.

Learning styles are preferences refer to a range of computing theories which am objective to
account for differences in individual’s ability of learning.
David Kolb model This is the model which is based on experimental learning this model outlines
to connected approaches towards experience and grasping the learning ideas. This model
provides learning style to the individual in order to Grab innovative and attractive ideas.
Peter honey this is the experimental learning model in this for learning styles are assumed for the
person which are deductible by learning preferences. This is style is different from Kolb model.
Honey Peter styles is a self development equipment and different from another models because
this model check and analyze work which are related to the behavior and their actions.
b) Ways in which theories, principles and models of learning can be applied to teaching,
learning and assessment
There are several ways in which theories principles and models of learning will be applied to
teaching learning and assessment (Lawrence and Tar, 2018). It's very required for the learner
trainer to design a learning plan that should be based on learning theories because as teaching
theories skaters a base or platform to understand how can people learn and the way to explain the
things and analyze or predict the learning environment and learning things. As there are several
theories of learning which help the people to make more informed about the topic and decision
around the development and delivery of the learning. Teachers and training required to focus on
the learning styles in order to reach different student and create innovative learning ideas that
help them or help the students to understand the learning process.
c) how identifying and taking account of learners’ individual learning preferences enables
inclusive teaching, learning and assessment
Inclusive learning and teaching process recognize each and every student’s entitlement of
learning experience that it overcome the barriers and problems which are considered a variety of
learning needs and their preferences. The model and the concept of the learning and teaching
assistant it enables the topic and support them to analyze the impact of the theories of learning
principles and models. Identifying and analyzing the needs of the individual upgrade their moral
and motivate them towards to learn effectively (Chapelle and Sauro, 2017). When the Trainee of
the DET course caters individually prescribed regulations so it supports many trainers or learners
to understand the concept of education.
d) analyzed theories and models of curriculum development. MODELS may include
product, process, praxis, spiral, linear and thematic.
Curriculum development is the way to understand that theory is curriculum this is the subject
that develop and make up a course of study at the education level.

Stenhouse the theory that the define curriculum as an attempt to communicate with the
important and required principle and components of an education proposal in the form of
critically factor translation and scrutiny into practices. This model also concentrates on how
things and circumstances occur in the learning curriculum development.
Tyler Model: Developed by the Ralph Taylor in 1940. This is the model of Curriculum
development and most widely used model. The aim of this model to collect and analyze required
and most important data and examine the objectives target and goals of the curriculum planning
in order to create a select a particular pattern for the study and for a curriculum design.
E) explain ways in which theories and models of curriculum development can be applied in
developing curricula in their area of specialism.
There are several ways in which theories and models of Curriculum development applied in a
developing curriculum of the student and trainee in the DET course. there are few models like
purely linear model traditional approaches (Popenici and Kerr, 2017). Models and principles are
very required because the aim of these models to reduce or overcome the negative experience of
the education system and enables trainees or learners to direct at least some extent what they will
going to learn or required in the future. Different learning theory caters a variety of
interpretations of teaching and learning. These learning theory lead to the outcomes and diverse
orientation in curriculum planning therefore this theory provider structure in order to guide and
assist decision during the implementation of the curriculum development.
f) analyses theories and models of reflection and evaluation.
Reflective practices are a means of enhancing and developing the self awareness among the
people which is related to the performance and the behavioral alteration in the individual towards
the growth and development. There are several theories and models that help the individual or
training to analyze the reflective practices.
Johns model this is the model for structured reflection and It helped them to analyze his more
Complex decision making and analysis in conjunction with the supervisor. This theory says that
there are five process in order to achieve behavioral changes and that is reflexivity, ethics,
personal, empirics, aesthetics.
Kirkpatrick Model: This model is based on analyzing and evaluating the result that comes out
of learning. The training helps in finding the result out of the learning. It assists in assignment of
both formal and informal method of training. There are four criteria on which the person that is
learning is rated and is being ranked (Albiladi and Alshareef, 2019). There is aptitude under
which critical thinking skills are tested. There is evaluation of behavior of individual, the
learning process and their reaction to learning and what are the results that are generated at the
end.

Schon Developed Model that reflect in action and Reflection on action model. this model says
that reflection in action occurred when the decisions made in the feelings and emotions during
the experience what are the experience that is faced by the person. And the reflection on action
reflects after the particular event is done or any new information is get by the person.
Gibbs Model: This model was given by Graham Gibbs and the focus is to know about the
learning pattern and experience of the learner. It is based on the details of feeling, view point and
thoughts of the learner. It helps in knowing about the experience and how it can be used in
future.
g) Theories and models of reflection can be applied to reviewing own practice
The various theories of reflection that help the individuals to write their experience in
attractive and constructive way. It helps to deliver the content in a way that they are able to grab
knowledge from that in future. It is important to have knowledge about the experience of the
individual. The Gibbs theory is a good example to write an effective reflection of their own
experience.
h) Theories and models of evaluation can be applied to reviewing own practice
It is vital to review and evaluate the performance. This can be done by use of theories as
it helps to measure the performance of the individual at a particular situation. Kirkpatrick theory
helps the learner to know about their performance and help in development in future. It helps to
understand the strengths and weakness that will help to achieve the goals and objectives in
future.
TASK2
Covered in poster
TASK 3
Evaluation of Effectiveness of the assessment practice
In order to assess the effectiveness of assessment practice it is necessary to analyses the
training process. The training process can be evaluated with the help of The Competency model.
It is used to measure the performance of the learner during the training process.
The model states that, it is essential to conduct self-assessment as it helps an individual to
evaluate the abilities of an individual and the skills which are required to learn for their further
development. This self-assessment helps to lead and train the person in the learning
programmed.

The Competency model helps an individual to assess the challenges and abilities of them
which aware them to work on the personality and weaknesses of an individual. Learning
programmed is a concept which helps to enhance the skills and knowledge of an individual to
apply and integrate it in real life situation which helps the individual in their development. In
order to analyses and evaluate my skills, knowledge and weaknesses in the learning process, I
prefer to consider the competency evaluation model. During analyzation of my training and
learning programmed, I ensure that I fulfil my responsibility as a trainer and provide the essential
knowledge and skills which are required to be provided to the individuals with the help of the
learning programmed. I was able to provide those skills because I have enough confidence on my
skills and was able to influence perspective of several individuals.
Strengths
Strengths refers to those qualities or areas in which an individual can behave and perform
in excellent manner. By taking participation in this learning programmed I was able to identify
my several qualities and areas of strengths and abilities. In order to deliver effective training, the
most important skill which is required in an individual is effective communication skills. It is
required to provide training in such a way that it can be effective enough to be understood by
each and every individual who is attending that learning program. During this course of training,
I come to know my biggest strength. I observed that I am able to communicate with so many
learners at a time in such an effective manner that it is understood by all kind of learners. I make
that communication in flexible as well as easy to make learn the important concepts to all the
learners in the training process. I used two way communicating in the programmed to understand
the concern of respective individuals as it helped me to make them learn the concept in more
clear manner. I observed the learning pattern of different individuals from this two-way
communication which helps me implement my teaching practices in that manner only. I also
analyzed that I have good team building capacity as build effective teams in the learning process
to generate interest of the students in learning. I learn to build coordination between different
teams in spite of having competition between them.
Area of Improvement
At the time of my training period, I realize some of my areas which I need to improve in
order to provide effective training to individuals. I need to focus on my management of time as
in order to provide good training to the employees it is essential to manage time in effective
manner. I analyzed in some of the topics I took so much of time to explain them to the learners
which affects some of the important topics which needs much time to be explained to the
learners. In order to deliver effective training, it is necessary for a trainer to learn the
management of time in appropriate manner. As the learning programmed is given a particular
time period to be completed in that deadline, so trainer needs to develop their time management
skills in such a manner that they can complete the course before deadline of that programmed.

CONCLUSION
From the above information, it can be summarized that learning models and theories are
extremely essential component of the educational setting. These learning models theories are
responsible for facilitating professional growth as well as personal development of the
individuals. These respective models also contribute in the career development as well as assist
the business firm in leading productivity and sustainability within their concerned business
institutions.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Jabbarova, A., 2020. PLANNING TEACHING AND LEARNING ON THE BASE OF
CURRICULUM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT. Архив Научных Публикаций JSPI,
pp.1-5.
Deng, R., Benckendorff, P. and Gannaway, D., 2019. Progress and new directions for teaching
and learning in MOOCs. Computers & Education, 129, pp.48-60.
Lawrence, J.E. and Tar, U.A., 2018. Factors that influence teachers’ adoption and integration of
ICT in teaching/learning process. Educational Media International, 55(1), pp.79-105.
Chapelle, C.A. and Sauro, S., 2017. Introduction to the Handbook of technology and second
language teaching and learning. The handbook of technology and second language
teaching and learning, pp.1-9.
Popenici, S.A. and Kerr, S., 2017. Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on teaching and
learning in higher education. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced
Learning, 12(1), pp.1-13.
Albiladi, W.S. and Alshareef, K.K., 2019. Blended learning in English teaching and learning: A
review of the current literature. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 10(2),