Nursing Practice Assignment PDF

University of Suffolk
Nursing Practice One
Insight Placement
Portfolio (0218 Cohort)
Submission date: 30th
November 2018
Name: Agatha Etcheri
Student Number: S190686
The portfolio must be submitted ONLINE
via Learn on the Module: Nursing Practice One
Submission by: 30th November 2018

Insight Placements
Introduction:
The European Union (EU) directive 77/435/EEC, Nursing and Midwifery Council order
(2001) and the NMC Standards for Pre-registration Nursing Education (NMC, 2010)
identifies that students must gain exposure to clients’ care needs that exist outside their
chosen field of nursing for registration as an adult nurse. Students have to complete a
portfolio to verify that they have been exposed to experience to comply with the EU
directive. The Nursing and Midwifery Council requirements are that Child Health and
Mental Health students gain exposure to client care needs that exist outside their field of
expertise (NMC, 2010).
Within your portfolio you must demonstrate person centred care and a holistic approach
to meeting the needs of all clients and your understanding of your professional
responsibilities towards for safeguarding the vulnerable. There have been two inquiries,
the inquiry into the death of Victoria Climbié and the Bristol Inquiry that have
highlighted the importance of interprofessional working and the need for understanding
about and respecting the various professional roles and the value of multi-professional
teams in preventing further tragedies occurring.
Assessment Submission and Feedback:
Student must demonstrate insight in Child Health, Mental Health, Mother and Newborn
and Learning Disabilities nursing to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of each
field of nursing. Each student will have at least one community placement and so will
gain an insight into that aspect of nursing care by direct participation.
Two of the Insight experiences - mental health and learning disabilities - are facilitated
by face to face workshops. The remaining two are supported by comprehensive online
resource folders. NB: You must complete all four insight placements.
Please include references to support your work and display these as one list at the
end of the portfolio. There is a 10% allowance per insight for your word count, however,
you should not go over the maximum allowance.
INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO ENTER TEXT IN THE PORTFOLIO
Go to Insight Placement tab on Learn and review folders for each insight where you will
find guidance and questions to be answered for each insight placement. Once you have
completed the activities, enter your responses in the boxes provided in the portfolio.
NB: Required word counts may vary for each exercise but will be clearly indicated
above the text boxes.

Please click inside box with your right mouse cursor and then start typing.
Note: the box will increase in size as you enter more text. Do not enter any text outside
the text box.
Review and feedback
1) It is recommended this work is completed across the two semesters of the
first year, but do not submit portfolio until all four insights are complete.
2) The work will be assigned pass/refer by your personal tutor using the
feedback grid.

Child Health Nursing Insight Placement
To complete the Child Health Nursing insight placement you MUST Complete the
3 activities below:-
1. The role of the Child Health Nurse
2. The philosophy of child and family-centred care and the role of parents
3. The role of the Nurse Specialist in preparing young people with chronic illness for
transition to adult services.
Please refer to the guidance and provided in the resource folder.
Activity 1:
Role of the Child health Nurse
To gain an understanding of how the role of the child health differs from other fields of
nursing watch the first two videos in the folder provided.
 ‘I am a Children’s Nurse’ made by the RCN Children and Young Peoples
Forum
 Child Health Nurses, from a local children’s ward, discussing their role.
Tasks:
a) Having watched both videos discuss how you think the role of the Child Health
Nurse might differ to other fields of nursing in relation to working with infants,
children, young people and their families/carer(s).
b) What specific qualities, knowledge and skills do you think Child Health Nurses need
to care for children from birth to adulthood?
(500 words)
A child nurse spends time with children from their birth and they interact with them in a
creative manner. child nurse advocates not only medical issues of children but also
developmental issues. The nurse brings coordination between medical professionals and
social workers in order to provide effective care to the children. The nurse performs all the
activities like assessment, diagnosis, care plan and treatment. Child nurse perform all these
activities in an innovative manner as procedures used for older patients/clients might not be
successful in the case of children (Massaquoi & Edwards, 2015). Child nurses take central

point in the care of the children and lead the team comprising of doctors, pharmacist,
pathologist, dietician and social worker. Along with the lead role, the nurse also performs as
an active team member effectively. Nurse performs role as resource person to make
availability of all the requirements necessary to provide service during child nursing. Nurse
plays significant role in providing family centred care to the children by working with the
family members. The nurse educates passionately both family members and children about
their respective health issues. The nurse empowers and encourages family members to
participate in child care. Child nurse makes sure that children feel at home while at the
hospital by providing effective treatment and also by improving well-being of the children.
As a child nurse, they are expected to listens to all aspects of a child’s needs like medical,
psychological, developmental and emotional aspects of the children very carefully. The
nurse remains empathetic with child and family members and provide comfort and care to the
children (Ball et al., 2018).
Child nurse need to know about the child and family members to provide effective care to
children. Child nurses need to be around children for most of the time because it is very
important to observe them during treatment. In the preparation of handover, nurse need to
mention more details as compared to the other patients because children cannot provide
information about their health condition during their transition. Child handover includes
diagnosis, care plan and medication details. Child nurses need to implement several strategies
in comparison to the other nurses because adults are more consistent in emotional, cognitive,
clinical and physical data ranges. Adult nurses have more understanding of the
pathophysiology of diseases because children are associated with fewer allergies, no surgical
history and single medical problem. Usually child nurses get more queries from the family
members as compared to the other nurses. Other nurses discuss health related issues with

patients themselves; however, child nurse needs to discuss health related issues with the
parents of children. Child nurses might face ethical dilemma because treatment approved by
parents might not be acceptable for the child. Medication administration in child nursing is a
sensitive issue because small error in the medication administration might produce significant
health impact. However, adults can bear limited alteration in the medication administration
(Hornor & Herendeen, 2014; Hogan, 2013).
Activity 2:
The philosophy of child and family-centred care and the role of parents
Task:
 Read the suggested articles. .
a) Summarise what you have learnt from reading these articles about the philosophy of
child and family-centred care.
b) Discuss some of the advantages and challenges of working within this philosophy for
children, parents and nursing staff.
(500 words)
Family centred care (FCC) philosophy has been proved useful in the child nursing and it has
been approved and implemented by most of the paediatric nursing organisations. FCC
supports patient involvement by empowering, respecting personal autonomy and recognising
human rights. It is the perfect system to involve parents and family members in the children
care. FCC philosophy has evolved over time. It started with the parent’s participation and it
led to the partnership between the nurses and parents to provide care to the children as a
family unit. FCC is being developed in such a manner that every member of the family is
being considered in providing care and not the individual member of the family. Every
member of the family is being considered as the care recipients in the FCC. It is evident that

nurses working in a specialist unit and working at a higher position are more supportive to
FCC philosophy. FCC supports both developmental and emotional needs and overall, family
wellbeing (Tallon et al., 2015; Shaul, 2014).
Advantages: Nurses feel honoured to work with parents to provide care to their children
because they have the opportunity to teach and supervise parents. Family members feel a
sense of dignity and respect due to their involvement in the care of their children. Family
members develop their knowledge and updates about the health condition of their children.
Family members are being involved in the decision making of the care of their children
resulting to more effective care being provided to their children. FCC is helpful in improving
health outcomes and patient and family satisfaction. It is evident that FCC is associated with
reduced readmission rates, reduced length of stay in the hospitals, enhanced delivery of
preventive healthcare and improved adherence to the treatment (Gondek et al., 2017; Griffin
& Celenza, 2014).
Disadvantages: Inconsistent implementation are the main hurdles for effective use of FCC
philosophy in the child care. There are no measures available for the effectiveness
measurement of FCC philosophy. Nurses mentioned concern related to parents’ capabilities to
provide professional care to the children. Nurses may feel that they may lose power and
control in providing care to the children. Nurses may find it difficult to communicate with
parents due to their limited knowledge in effective treatment. Even if the nurses teach parents
about care, it would be difficult for the parents to implement it in actual practice. It is difficult
to implement FCC in the facilities where resources are inadequate as it is difficult for the
nurses to put theory into the practice. Parents might find it difficult in understanding the
medical and disease related terminologies in providing care to the children. Moreover, it is
necessary for parents to listen healthcare related information. However, parents might not be

comfortable to listen to more information related to health issues because of their lack of
understanding related to health topics. It might cause more stress and anxiety to the parents
and the child (Gondek et al., 2017; Barnsteiner et al., 2014).
Activity 3:
Caring for young people with chronic illness / life limiting conditions and the role
of the Nurse Specialist
 Watch the third video in the folder of Specialist Child Health Nurses discussing their
role and read the suggested article on transition.
Provide a written account on how you think the Specialist Nurse might play a key part in
preparing young people with chronic illness or life limiting illness (e.g. diabetes, cystic
fibrosis, epilepsy, asthma and cancer) for transition to adult services. Also consider the
knowledge and skills Specialist Nurses require in this role.
. (500 words)
Nurses working in the paediatric oncology department feel that it is both fun and challenging
to work in the department. Nurses might feel low and anxious while providing care to weak
and diseased children; however, they need to provide care to the children considering both
medication and emotional aspects. Nurses need to provide the family members with
reassurance as the number of treatment options are available in order to treat the patient’s
condition effectively. They provide care to the children at all places like wards, homes,
schools and community centres. Specialist nurses need to implement evidence-based care to
the children to achieve improved outcome (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014). These nurses need
to follow all the policies, procedures and processes established in the hospital. These nurses
need to work as a team and need to know the specific role of each other. They need to utilise
every opportunity and take responsibility to provide effective care to the children and to
improve their professional competency (Glasper et al., 2015).

Nurses need to give all the information related to life threatening condition to the family
members of the children. They should inform family members about the exact diagnosis,
possible treatment options available, type of medications and side effects of medications.
Nurses need to provide services to these children after office hours also. They should be in
touch with the parents through telephone for taking care of emergency condition. Nurses need
to check all the phone calls and revert back to them promptly to provide required service
(Barry et al., 2017).
Child nurses play a significant role in bringing co-ordination between the hospital and the
community. Both hospital and community are necessary for providing medical treatment and
improving the wellbeing of the children respectively. These nurses need to be compassionate,
should have patience, should have lot of time and need to be dedicated for providing care to
the children with life threatening conditions. Nurses need to establish themselves as the key
point of contact for the children with chronic illness. These nurses need to be dedicated for
sick patients. Nurses need to develop friendly and trusting relationships with family members
to augment their involvement in decision making related to care to the child. Nurses need to
tackle stressful situations effectively and try to relieve the stress of the family members.
Nurses need to explore new research and medicine and these new medicines need to be used
to improve efficiency of care by improving efficacy and safety and minimising adverse effects
of treatment. They should attend specialist conferences, attend additional educational classes
and refer peer reviewed journals to acquire knowledge about recent medications. Nurses
should be able to alter the medication based on the outcome the medication in chronic
diseases. Moreover, nurses should be able assess the impact of schools and community on the
outcome of the care by comparing health outcome of school going and non-going children.
Nurse should be good listener and should answer all the questions related to child’s health

issues (Pillitteri, 2013; Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014).

Learning Disabilities Insight Placement
To complete the Learning Disabilities insight you MUST:
1) Attend the Learning Disabilities Insight day
2) Complete the activity listed below (only) after you have attended the day
Reflecting on what you learned by attending the Insight day provide a written
account that addresses the following questions. There are resources on the
module site that can help you with this section and within your practice.
Activity 1
Q1 What was your understanding of learning disability before attending the insight day?
Q2 How would you now describe people with learning disabilities to your friends and
family?
Q3 What challenges might you encounter when working with people with learning
disabilities?
Q4 What can you do to address these? (750 words)
Learning disabilities are the neurologically dependent processing patients. It leads to the
interference in learning basic skills like reading, writing and performing math. Learning
disability nurses educate people about the skills to perform the necessary tasks. It is helpful
for the individual to live an independent life. Learning disability patients should not be
discriminated from the other patients. I am aware that learning disability nurses should be
assertive as nurses need to transfer nurses’ traits onto patient. Learning disability nurses
helps to improve and maintain individuals physical and mental health, lessen obstacles to
assist them in living independent life and support the individual to live a fulfilling life.
Nurses helps learning disability patients to feel equivalent to others through counselling
them. These nurses work at different places like patients’ homes, educational institute,
workplace, community centers and hospitals. Learning disability nurses do not only provide
medication treatment but also provide intervention to improve overall health and well-being
of the person (Bradbury-Jones et al., 2013; Gates & Mafuba, 2014).

I understood that learning disability nurses need to be more creative in comparison to other
types of nurses, nurses spend more amount of time with patients. It is mandatory to have a
high level of patience. Also, these nurses should be flexible and have effective
communication skills, communication techniques and accessories because few patients with
learning disability would not be able to communicate properly. I realized that self-awareness
is helpful in providing effective nursing intervention to these patients because this job is
highly stressful and demanding. I appreciate that nurses working with learning disability
patients should perform a wide range of activities like medical treatment, counselling and
assistance in daily activities. Hence, these nurses should be highly organised, flexible and
capable of prioritising tasks based on the needs of the patient. During insight day, I learned
that nurses need to have skills like listening and communication, problem solving, good
judgement and offering advice. I also understood that nurses need to adopt core values like
care, compassion, competence, communication, courage and commitment. I understood that
nurses need to work in collaboration with the GPs, psychologists, social workers, teachers,
general practitioners, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists and healthcare
assistants to provide holistic care. I understood that learning disability nurses need to provide
a holistic and person-centred care to the patient. Nurses need to advocate and support
patients with learning disability. I understood that group presentation, case studies and
practical examinations can improve clinical competency in care of clinical disability persons.
I realised that promotion of autonomy, rights and choices are important factors for the
provision of care to the learning disability person (Gates & Mafuba, 2014; Jukes, 2014)
It is necessary for the nurse to establish sensitive interaction with the learning disability
patients; however, nurse should not establish emotional relationship with patient. It would
affect planned intervention to the patient and there might be biasness in the assessment and

management of the patient. It is difficult to raise the awareness among persons with potential
vulnerability to learning disability. It is necessary to observe these patients continuously in
order to assess their needs. Hence, more nursing workforce is necessary for providing
effective intervention to the learning disability patients. Professionals from diverse fields are
required to provide services to patients with learning disabilities. However, it is difficult to
bring all these professionals together at the time of provision of care. Care requirements for
the patients with learning disability varies from patient to patient; hence, it is difficult for the
nurse to follow the established protocol for all the persons with learning disability.
Assessment of the care needs are the important aspects for providing effective care.
However, it is difficult to gather information from the patient with learning disability (Gates
et al., 2015).
Speciality nurse in learning disability ought to provide, nursing intervention to these patients.
Formal teaching in theoretical, technical and practical aspects is helpful in providing
effective care to these patients. Expertise in the diverse subjects like life, health, science,
biology and communication provides usefulness in improving care to the learning disability
persons. Nurses need to develop traits like interpersonal skills, care, compassion and
empathy to tackle challenges associated with learning disability nursing. Group and social
activities for people with learning disability are helpful in circumventing stigma associated
with their condition and more participation of service users in their own care. It is also
helpful in augmenting well-being and social inclusion of these people (Gates & Mafuba,
2014; Bradbury-Jones et al., 2013).
Mental Health Insight Placement

To complete the Mental Health insight you MUST:
1) Attend the Mental Health Insight day
2) Complete the activity listed below (only) after you have attended the day
Reflecting on what you learned by attending the Insight day provide a written
account that addresses the following questions. There are resources on the
module site that can help you with this section and within your practice.
Activity 1
Q1 What was your understanding of the role of the Mental Health Nurse before
attending the insight day?
Q2 What is your understanding, following the insight day?
Q3 Reflecting back on what you learnt on the day and that of your current practice.
What might be some of the challenges, for you, and how may you develop your future
practice?
(750 words)
I had the impression that mental health nurses need to work in diverse work
environments like hospital wards, homes, community centres and outpatient
departments. Mental health nurses need to perform multiple roles like health
promotion, prevention of disorder, health assessment and intervention, counselling,
psychotherapy, medicine management, nursing care and education. Mental health
nurses need to work with patients from a young age to older ages; however, most of
the time they need to deal with the older patients. I knew that these nurses need to
take care of psychological and emotional aspects of the mental illness patients. I was
aware that nurses need to provide nursing services in the form of medication treatment
and also in the form of counselling. Mental health nurses need to work with patients
who have diverse conditions like anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance abuse
and dementia. These nurses need to work in collaboration with the team members.
Though, different individuals work together in mental health nursing, care plan should

be individualised. Since, the nurse is the centre to the patient care, it is the
responsibility of the nurse to make consensus among different group members. Nurse
need to encourage patients to participate in the behaviour modification programme.
Nurse should visit the patient’s home for those patients who are home bound (Cleary
et al., 2017; Bostrom et al., 2016)
I understand that a nurse should not focus on single symptom of patient; however,
nurses should think radically while providing care to the patient with a mental illness.
I learned that mental recovery of the patient could be achieved effectively by
organising social and artistic events. I realised that there are different demands for
mental health nurses with each new posting or with each new visit to the ward. Skills
are necessary for mental health nurses should be completely different form the nurse
in the general ward. I apprehended that more exposure and experience in the mental
health unit is beneficial in improving skills necessary for mental health nursing. I
learnt that counselling needs to be given not only to the patient; however, it should
also be given to the family members of the patient. I learned that mental health nurse
needs to work with mental health patient rather than working for mental health
patient. Gaining confidence of mental patient is very important to work with the
patient (Wyder et al., 2017). I understood that nurse need to provide person centred
care to the mental illness patient. Nurse need to work effectively to improve
motivation of patient for routine of daily activities. Moreover, nurses need to give
special attention to improve personal hygiene of the patient. I learnt that nurse should
focus not only the best treatment for the patient but also focus on the appropriate
treatment for the patient. I learned that nurses should have special characteristics like
critical thinking, empathy, reliability and interest for providing mental health nursing.

It is very important to maintain confidentiality and dignity of the patient (Hooper et
al., 2016).
Care to the mental health patient is associated with several challenges. It is very
difficult to evaluate the care needs of these patients. Accurate diagnosis is very
important for providing effective care to the mental health patients. However, accurate
diagnosis of the mental health patient is a complex process. The role of patient is an
important aspect during the evaluation of the mental illness patient. Most of the
patients with mental health do not open about the mental illness symptoms (Cleary et
al., 2017). It might be due to stigma related to the mental illness. Hence, it is
challenging for the mental health nurse to gather information from the patient during
the assessment of the patient. It is a challenging task for the nurse to provide
medication to the patient according to his/her concordance. Most of these patients
exhibit non-concordance and non-adherence to medication administration. It is
challenging to understand the conditions of the patient which can worsen the
condition. It is difficult to understand the voluntary and involuntary symptoms in the
mental illness patients; hence, it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. Cultural
and social beliefs of the patients are the major challenges in the mental health nursing.
Behaviour of the patient is the main hindrance for providing mental health nursing
because it is necessary for the nurse to adopt according to behaviour of each patient.
Behavioural changes and mood swings are the prominent characteristics of mental
illness patients. Different individuals with a mental disorder can have diverse
behavioural changes. Hence, it is difficult for the nurse to provide established care
plan for different patients (Ross & Kettles, 2012).

Mother and New born Insight Placement
To complete the mother and new born insight you MUST:
1. Complete the online question within each the three sections. All resources are
online for you to complete this activity.
a) Antenatal care
b) Intra-partum care
c) Postnatal care
Antenatal care: (500 words)
Visit numbers of antenatal care should be determined based on the trimester.
Between 4 to 28 weeks, there should be 1 prenatal visit per month. weeks 28
to 36, there should be 1 prenatal visit per 2 weeks. weeks 36 to 40, there
should be 1 prenatal visit per week. It is evident that pregnant women with low
risk need to visit with lesser frequency. However, accurate assessment needs
to be done during each visit. It is evident that babies of mothers who had less
visits to the hospitals had more neonatal intensive care admissions due
inadequate care during prenatal care (Kearns et al., 2016). It is also evident
that women with less visits to the care centre are less satisfied as compared
to standard visits (Kearns et al., 2016).
Tests and assessments like blood pressure, height and weight, pelvic exam,
doppler foetal heart rate and blood and urine tests need to be carried out
during neonatal care. Blood tests and urine tests need to be carried out
throughout the pregnancy. Ultrasounds are useful in confirming pregnancy
and checking multiple foetuses. Ultrasounds are also useful in assessing risk
to mothers like miscarriage, blighted ovum, ectopic pregnancy, or a molar
pregnancy. Ultrasound detects foetal malformation. Amniotic fluid and

umbilical cord abnormalities get detected using ultrasound. It is also useful in
detecting growth of body parts of foetus. It is also useful in determining due
date. The purpose of an ultrasound is to differentiate the different periods of
pregnancy. At 7 weeks, it is useful in confirming pregnancy and determining
the due date. During 13-14 weeks, it is useful for the assessment of Down
syndrome. During 18-20 weeks, all the tests related to antenatal care need to
be carried out. Above 34 weeks, it is useful in evaluating foetus size and
placental position (Narayan, 2015).
Different professionals involved in the antenatal care are midwife, obstetrician,
family doctor, obstetric physiotherapist, social worker, dietician,
ultrasonographer and radiologist (Abalos et al., 2016).
Visits during antenatal care provide information to women related to
physiological alterations due to pregnancy, biological changes and prenatal
nutrition. Service provider provides above information both in the verbal and
written form. Usually information related to the medical aspects are being
shared in the written form and information related to nutritional aspects are
being shared verbally. Service provider shares information to the pregnant
women not only related to medical aspects but also related to lifestyle
changes. Service provider share information through telephone also. Several
options are
available like health policies, educational campaign, media campaign and

hoardings for sharing information (Uche-Obasi, 2014).
Multiple choices are available for antenatal care. These include public health,
birth centre, family doctor, private hospital and home-birthing midwife.
Selection of the choices for antenatal care depends on the complications
during pregnancy. Choices of antenatal care also depends on the cultural and
social aspects, experience during previous pregnancy, economical
background, belief of specific type of care and type of insurance. Pregnant
women need to select facility for antenatal care where she can discuss her
issues freely (Uche-Obasi, 2014).
Intra-Partrum care: (500 words)
Intrapartum period is the duration between the onset of labour and delivery of
placenta. Women need to be advised to remain in supine position during the
intra-partum care. The goal of intrapartum care should be provision of safe
and substantial birth experience to the woman. Effective partnership between
physician and nurse is an important aspect in the provision of successful
intrapartum care. Effective communication among pregnant woman, family
members and health care providers are important aspects for intrapartum
care to provide necessary information related to care. Main aim of
intrapartum care is to provide positive experience to the woman. It is
beneficial in providing physical and emotional health, preventing
complications and responding to emergencies. Healthcare professionals
should ensure that women is in control and she should recognise what is
happening to her during entire treatment duration. Nurses should ensure that
the woman is getting support from a partner, birth supporters, health

professionals for the continuity of care. The nurse should maintain calm and
confident approach towards the woman. Women feelings need to be
considered and try to find out solutions for her worries. Nurses should
encourage women to adapt to the changing self and external environment.
Positioning and mobilization of woman need to be assessed for pain, comfort,
uterine activity and labour progress (Kennedy, 2016).
Intrapartum maternity care should provide one-to-one support for all the
women. There should be both continuity and consistency of care. There is a
possibility of occurrence of ketosis during labour which is mainly associated
with nausea, vomiting and headache. It indicates exhaustion in the woman.
Intake of light diet, fluids and carbohydrate are useful in reducing ketone body
production. Vaginal examination and proper use of antisepsis are useful in
preventing puerperal sepsis. It is evident that chlorhexidine vaginal douching
is useful in preventing postpartum endometritis. Pregnant woman needs to be
given perineal cleaning using cetrimide or chlorhexidine to prevent fever, use
antibiotics, perineal infection, perineal breakdown and caesarean wound
infection (Arulkumaran, 2016).
Pregnant woman needs to be assessed for intrapartum haemorrhage,
placental abruption, ruptured uterus, suspected amniotic fluid embolus,
suspected pulmonary embolus, eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia, cord
prolapse, shoulder dystocia, massive obstetric haemorrhage, maternal
collapse and undiagnosed breech. Early labour assessment is important
aspect in intra-partum maternity care because it is helpful in reducing
intrapartum analgesia, epidural analgesia and use of intrapartum oxytocic

use. Structured care comprising of package of care need to be given because
of increased chances of spontaneous vaginal care and reduction in the
requirement of reginal analgesia. Pregnant woman needs to be educated
about labour diagnosis, rather than self-diagnosis on onset of labour. It results
in the lower rate of visit of woman to labour ward prior to active labour. Nurse
needs do provide early labour assessment through telephone which is helpful
in improving satisfaction of pregnant woman. It is also helpful in receiving
adequate advice in advance. Woman needs to provide non-pharmacological
interventions like aromatherapy, breathing exercise, yoga, music, acupressure
and massage to reduce labour pain (Walsh & Downe, 2013).
Postnatal care: (500 words)
A new born baby needs to be examined within 72 hours of birth. New born
babies’ different organs like eyes, heart and in case of male testes need to be
examined. New born baby’s airway needs to be opened by positioning the
head in such a way that airway opens. It is necessary to examine a new born
baby before going to home. Health examination of a new born baby needs to
be carried in the presence of the parents. New born babies need to be
breastfed within 1 hour after birth and no other food or drink should be given
to new born baby. The weight of the baby needs to be measured immediately
after birth to assess the health condition of the new born baby. Change in
weight of the baby needs to be monitored every week up to 1 month. New
born baby needs to be kept in the warm room (25̊C) without any draught.
Mother should keep skin-to-skin contact for the new born baby for the longer

duration to provide warmth to baby. Additional accessories like clothes and
socks should be used when baby is not with mother. Baby needs to be
washed and given bath in the warm room and dry immediately after bath
(Jordan et al., 2018).
World Health Organisation recommends to keep women in the nursing home
for at least 24 hours after giving birth to new born baby, as mother needs to
be postnatal physical examination within 24 hours of delivery (WHO, 2013;
Helsloot et al., 2017).
Mothers needs to be give social and emotional support by allowing family
members to stay with new mother for first 24 hours. Encourage new mother to
eat more and healthier food. Also encourage her to drink lot of clean and safe
fluids. Encourage mother to take sufficient sleep and rest to avoid physical
labour (Hands & Stickland, 2018).
Educate and provide counselling to the new mother about the danger of
physical signs like vaginal bleeding, fits, fast breathing, fever, headache,
blurred vision and pain. It is helpful in reducing physical discomfort to the
mother. Give assurance to the mother that all these physical conditions are
temporary.Educate new mother about the responsibilities for new born care
(Jordan et al., 2018). Educate new mother for care of the baby and
breastfeeding, sign of possible problems for baby, self and baby hygiene,
sexual life and contraception. Reintegrate new mother in family and
community and protect her from abuse and violence. New mother and her
family members should be treated with kindness, respect and dignity

(Lavender et al., 2016).
Measure blood pressure within 6 hours post-delivery. Provide hygienic toilet
facilities ensuring privacy within the clinical setting. Document urine void up to
6 hours after delivery. Encourage new mother to mobilise as much as
possible. Care provider and family members need to provide emotional
support to new mother to relieve anxiety after delivery. Vaginal care is an
important issue during post-partum. New mother needs to be educated and
treated for vaginal vaginal soreness, urination pain, blood clots discharge and
contractions in the urinary tract (Hands & Stickland, 2018).
YOU NEED TO RE-READ THE LAST FEW PARAGRAPHS AS QUITE A
FEW OF THE SENTENCES NEED REWORDING. ALSO THERE ARE A
LOT OF POINTS THAT YOU PUT BUT DON’T EXPLAIN THE
REASONS/BENEFITS WHICH IN ANALYSING.
Reference List (NB please follow Harvard Guidelines)
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