How Youth Work and Community Development Respond to Structural Inequality

This assignment critically examines how youth work and community development respond to issues of structural inequality. It explores the motivation behind radical philosophies and critical theory, the emphasis on critical pedagogy, and the development of personal empowerment linked to social transformation.

Using a Freirean framework of analysis, critically explore how
youth work and community development obscures or responds to
issues of structural inequality

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Freirean framework is based on the critical pedagogy which always give privileging some
group over others. It is also considered the potential harm that asymmetrical distribution of
power which causes, it is imperative that practices and processes within structure inequality
issues at workplace where how community and youth work development obscures and response
the situation of problem. In this assignment, it will discuss about the motivation through radical
philosophies and critical theory to analyse overall structure of inequality. This assignment will
critical emphasizes the pedagogy or education to identify assumption and beliefs. Furthermore, it
will analyse the personal empowerment which linked to social transformation and bring
Commitment in terms of social change and justice.
MAIN BODY
Motivated by critical theory and radical philosophies.
Critical theory is basically designed as a philosophy and research method that mainly
focused on the interrelated issues to social change such as issues of structure inequality. Despite
its emphasis on the issues which remains underutilised in the areas of practical research that lie at
confluence of political and social concerns. This type of critical theory operates comparatively
by measuring consensual against the actual social conditions. The theory has frequently showed
the truisms to have quality of processing which are misleading in developing and also justifying
the overall plan of management (Bertr and et.al., 2019). In context of structure inequality issues
where it directly links with the unequal distribution that interpret the capitalist society and
contribute to persistent of inequality itself. It always influenced the youth work and community
to give proper response towards the issues related structural inequality.
Radical Philosophy is based on the British philosophical Journals and it was founded in
1972 which are probably has a higher active readership than other philosophical. It is mainly
organised the regular programme of meetings and conferences. The primary aim is to combat
with the narrow conception of issues related the structure inequality. Thus, it tried to link with
the discussion of youth work community where how they can give their opinion to improve
issues and problems in proper manner (Boluk, Cavaliere and Duffy, 2019). It become easier to
understand about the inequality through radical philosophy where it can be determined the
results and outcome of exploitation yet besides serving the self-conception that give privileged to
minority. It has used the tactics that may appear to be inadequate guarantee of ideological

hegemony. In this way, it has been justified the structure of inequality that consequently ground
and generate the mutual benefits of communities and youth, who are doing work in organization.
Emphasis on the critical pedagogy or education, teaching to questions our realities.
Critical Pedagogy is a type of teaching approach that inspired by the radical philosophies
and critical theory, which always attempts to help student questions and challenges. In this way,
it easily identifies the belief and practices that can be alleged to the dominate. These type of
theories and practices helping the student to achieve the critical consciousness. By using critical
pedagogy, it has shared some historical and contextual territory through critical theory because it
always focused itself with the specific issues of socialisation that exists in the society (Caraballo
and Soleimany, 2019). Generally, it is mainly defined dominant discourses which starting point
of theory, it is used as a desirable in the education theory where youth working and community
development shows positive response towards the issues of structural inequality.
It also encouraging the critical thinking for analysis situation and arguments to determine
unreliable assertions while it can be discernment in the relations with young generation and its
conditions. It doesn’t focus on specific demand of social action but also control social injustice
and identify to promote practices that have transform towards positive social relations. In this
way, it improves the issues of inequality and implement different action to change critical
pedagogy through critical theory. Critical pedagogy is related to the critical theory which is
primarily an education response to other oppressive power relations and its inequalities. It
concerns about the social issues of structure inequalities to improve the opportunity and also
create equitable or liberating experiences.
Apart from that Black child Agenda describing when it is the most sensitive topic in
terms of supporting children’s and families, who face issues of permanent exclusion, isolation,
discrimination and buying which are harmful for children so as they are suffering from mental
health in UK (De Andrade, Freire and Baptista, 2019). It has established the organization which
supports the black child which are successfully record of children and families, who face
challenges based on their skin colour. Through critical pedagogy, students are participated in the
developing of conceptualise based which help to transform different manner of learning or
teaching. It has considered the effectiveness approach in terms of social aspects which target to
issues of inequality for providing equal opportunities to improve learning skills. Critical

pedagogy approach for about teaching method that help to control group of people and give
equal opportunities of children to participate as a role of learning.
A Womanhood Academy is based on the women’s experience in terms of academia with set of
different issues pertaining to inequalities which directly reflecting on the career of women in
context of development. The academic is basically investigating the women’s experience and
also addresses the issues or problem where women’s struggle because of inequality structure. In
this way, it assumed different component of career development which always influence their
experience and how it might be addressed the actual outcome and results of women’s career. By
using critical pedagogy, it reviewed about the list of variable and different collapsed categories
in order to capture issues of women career development (Guzmán, Valenzuela and Barnett,
2019). it should develop their own practices which easily address critical problem and also
influence the decisions to pursue in terms of academic careers. On the other hand, it also
supports in the context of education and learning to empower own capabilities of student that
increases own skills and competencies.
Critical reflection on assumptions and beliefs.
As per Freirean framework of analysis, I have developed own idea with the help of
critical pedagogy which always influenced by the social and political realities. In this way, I have
analysed that there are no such education practices of young people so as it helps to influence
towards the learning. I was identified the situation and condition where corruption as well as
ineptitude happen at large society level. I found the reasoned behind imposed of politicians, who
are changed the culture and rules so that many educators imposing intellectual silence on student.
Through critical pedagogy, I have analysed the different assumption and dimensions through
contribution of Freirean framework.
 Education is based on the concepts that critically improve understanding towards the
reality.
 Education always making a commitment to the task and sometimes, it also changing the
reality effectively.
 The training will require for purpose of education, who will change the opinion towards
the policies and procedures.
 Education means dialogues that interact with the situation and issues related to the
structure inequality.

I have concluded the different assumption based on argument in term of education that will
change the perspectives of thinking towards inequality. I believed that it promotes the intellectual
properly and moral to structure of inequality as well as dehumanization.
Dialogues, reflection and actions.
As per Freire dialog, it can be determined the basic knowledge about the structure issues
inequality where it has needed to design session with model of education and become place of
meeting where information or data researched in proper manner. By using Freirean framework, it
also evaluates the Freire dialogue and consider as simple education method that leading to attain
certain outcome or results. It might be used complementary to nature of human and how to
determine the identify of people (Myers, Pippin and De Anda, 2019). As per dialog, it has
suggested that human has social and its own historical existence. Besides, they have an own
capacity to know about herself. It also conscious the incompleteness other living beings.
Dialog has encountered the behaviour of power with each other that understand about
experience through global world. Sometimes, Dialog cannot possible because some people, who
want to the name and those who do not want. It is based on the reality where how critical
pedagogy applied on it. Dialog is important sign of democratic stance and also considered as
educator in terms of dialogist. As per Freire, it takes dialog based on the element of pedagogical
communication which means for sharing the information or data. Therefore, education is also
based on the dialog through which create relational opportunities. The specific role of educator
and other learner interchange. Thus, dialog process and also helping the process development
where learner and educator together start learning session (Seal, 2019). According to Freirean
framework, dialog has generated large number of preconditions which help to understand the
human behaviour. By using dialog, it can influence the establishment of relation between the
people learner and other educator on the basis of equality. On the other hand, it can be
determined that dialogue cannot be exist without any humility when the peoples are constantly
recreated world without any type arrogance (Smith-Campbell, 2019). It should be addressed to
implement common task of learning which has broken if different parties have a lack of humility.
It also directly interrelated with the issues of structure inequality in term of education and
learning. In this way, dialog which help to create strong faith on the human feelings where they
also exposed to concrete alienation which cannot use as a strength.

Development of critical consciousness.
The issue of structure inequality is the biggest threat in the world. As per evidence, it has
analysed that growing of inequality is major issues in current scenario. Even many business
leaders identified the one of biggest threat in term of global economy. The nature of inequality
has remained different since 1994, it has brought changes in opportunity and process of market
that have impacts on patterns. There are many social communities and young people aware about
the inequality that give positive response to measure basic services and adjusted that how it will
maintain equitably in terms of gender, family, location, skin colour and background. These are
common factors that divided into inequal within the specific coverage rate. It directly reflects on
the exclusion sources (Solorzano, 2019). The form of inequality has fallen with the social policy
such as employment, equal learning but the impact of development directly knock-on people
ability and realise that it affects on the overall economy. It has developed the rate of poverty
while the interrelationship between them are subjected of extensive high level of inequality
structure. Therefore, high level of inequality is limited the growth situation and condition.
On the other hand, its analysis that teacher who face challenges in norms of landscape
that remove women from the curriculum which normalizes them to sphere and also providing the
supports in women in more authentic manner. It also giving more privileging to make being in
during learning session. It has considered as gender-based inequality where other communities
against the overall structure of inequality and also developed the policies that supports women in
this situation.
Link to the personal empowerment with social transformation.
It examines the current situation of social transformation and relation with the personal
empowerment. It is mainly used the empowerment theory which are directly create relationship
to social change. This type of concept is based on set of idea in term of social transformation for
drawing new social movement in social communities. The current conception of empowerment
practices concerns about the collection action and details about social transformation (Tyler and
et.al., 2019). The awareness and exercise of right to access essential resources which are
considered as necessary condition of empowerment which lead to include awareness not only
used for purpose of access existing resources but also having a proper responsibility to creating
resources and eliminating unwanted things. The primary idea of personal empowerment
introduced on the basis of top-down approach which directly addressing need of people and

moving away from the standardized conceptions where what people requirement. It mainly
focused on the self-perceived the improvement. However, it also operationalizing through top-
down approach as target to diversify life situation of people. There are many students adopt
innovative concept such as advanced technology which shows their positive or negative response
towards the issues and problem of inequality. In this way, many social communities share their
own opinion about the empowerment. In this way, it has increased opportunity of improve
personal empowerment. Sometimes, it fails to response of other people so that it has a chance of
social disruption and also causes of social interaction. As per analysis, it has found that it is
directly linked the personal empowerment to social transformation because it will change the
ability and capability of people which directly impacts on the social norms.
On the other hand, Black live matter is based on the social movement where different
group of people advocating for the justice of racial. It also considered as a decentralized network
that has no such formal hierarchy. This type of movement is originated through social
community against the violence and systemic racism towards the black people, who are regularly
protests, speaking against the police kill of black people. It has increased the large number of
issues such as racial inequality, racial profiling and other police brutality. In this way, many
leaders are not agreed with the tactics and also used by Black live matter activities. After
sometimes, it should start online campaign and support the personal empowerment (Solorzano,
2019). It can be determined the personal empowerment which is directly linked with social
transformation. This type of movement will help for changing the perspectives of people in
society where it occurs social transformation in global world. It is used solely to disseminate the
information about social movement actions and tactics that play specific role in shaping issues of
personal empowerment. This type of social movement will create an opportunity for recurring
interaction among activists and other social communities.
Commitment to bring about social change and justice.
Social change is widely range of concept that encompass a range of different social
results and outcome for increasing awareness. It has maximum people participants to build an
effective relation with the public and try to make policy to change right injustices. It also
acknowledging the social change that must start with the individual one and also emphasizes that
directly impact on the group of black people and level of social community level. On the other
hand, Social Justice is set of structural change that will increase the greater opportunity, who

have a least well maintain socially, economically and politically manner. It is based on the values
and ideals of access, equality and inclusion of participants on society. The social justice mainly
refers to fair treatment and impartial distribution in terms of benefits that provide every group of
people.
The commitment to equality, social justice and change of community. It always creating
the committed towards the authentic space and courageous, which always welcome to the diverse
group without any inequality distribution such as class, gender, colour, status of social economic,
race. These are different element which increase level of conflict between people. most of social
communities always try to coordinate with the group of people, who are suffering from
challenges due to inequality and make legal movement by young people against racism in global
world (Solorzano, 2019). The commitment towards social justice and social change will
influence transformation of structure which also reinforces inequality and injustice. For
Example- black Live matter is social movement against the inequality that performed by social
community to give positive response in critical situation. In this way, it will increase awareness
among people and understand their own rights. Leaders of social communities are committed
towards the social justice and change to improve the overall situation of structure issues
inequality in global world.
Freire’s Notion of the practice of freedom.
The Freire’s Notion is based on the freedom in terms of equality that belief in social
justice through liberation. He was great philosophers which mainly focused on the critical
consciousness whereby ethical in terms of social justice. Freire’s ethics supposed to justice and
freedom that bring it about the equality. The freedom in Freire’s is a part of constructivist
epistemology that based on agentive action towards the injustice (Caraballo and Soleimany,
2019). It has resolved the tension by situation the proper epistemological agent in term of ethical
manner. Freire’s Notion subjected beyond the concept modernist.
On the other hand, Freire’s notion gives an ontological vocation that being the social
justice which are becoming clearer. Sometimes, it is considered the endless struggle due to
critical awareness about precondition of struggle and then engaged with the situation in ethical
manner. It also attempts to change the social structures and formation within the social
community without struggling for brining the desirable results or outcome.

Example of Freire’s Notion of conscientization
In context of Freire’s Notion, conscientization introduce the notion of reflexivity into the
learning activities where A conscientized person is subjected to change process in term of
management because they have an ability to understand their equal right, ethical aspects in order
to transform it. When A student has a knowledge about particular subject where it easily
achieved through dialogue encounter and involve in the education process.
Advantage
The advantage of encouraging the people towards radical education where they can
understand their own skill and competencies. In this way, it easily linked with empowering to
social transformation.
Disadvantage
The disadvantage is that when it has increased the issues of ethical perspectives where the
place the accountability on individual rather than the oppressive towards education institutes.
CONCLUSION
In above discussion, it concluded that Freirean framework and tool which emphasizes to
analyse the concept of youth work and community development obscures or responds to issues
of structural inequality. Furthermore, it has been summarised that imperative practices and
processes within structure inequality issues at workplace where how community and youth work
development obscures and response the situation of problem. In this way, it also included the
accurate motivation and inspire by using radical philosophies and critical that help for
understanding the specific role in structure issues of inequality. It can be determined the
assumption and beliefs as per analysis. Afterwards, It also analysed the personal empowerment
which linked to social transformation and bring Commitment in terms of social change and
justice.

REFERENCES
Book and Journals
Bertrand, M., 2019. “I was very impressed”: Responses of surprise to students of color engaged
in youth participatory action research. Urban Education. 54(9). pp.1370-1397.
Boluk, K.A., Cavaliere, C.T. and Duffy, L.N., 2019. A pedagogical framework for the
development of the critical tourism citizen. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. pp.1-17.
Caraballo, L. and Soleimany, S., 2019. In the name of (pedagogical) love: A conceptual
framework for transformative teaching grounded in critical youth research. The Urban
Review. 51(1). pp.81-100.
De Andrade, V., Freire, S. and Baptista, M., 2019. Constructing scientific explanations: a system
of analysis for students’ explanations. Research in Science Education. 49(3). pp.787-807.
Guzmán-Valenzuela, C. and Barnett, R., 2019. Patterns of theory use in qualitative research in
higher education studies in Latin America: a geopolitical interpretation. International
Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 32(5). pp.477-492.
Myers, W.R., Pippin, T., Carvalhaes, C. and De Anda, N., 2019. Forum on Paulo Freire's
pedagogy: Leaning educationally into our future. Teaching Theology & Religion. 22(1).
pp.56-72.
Seal, M., 2019. Pedagogic Framework for Interrupting Heteronormativity. In The Interruption of
Heteronormativity in Higher Education (pp. 49-74). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Smith-Campbell, C.J., 2019. Freirean Pedagogical Love in P-12 Education: A Theory-to-practice
Investigation.
Solorzano, D.G., 2019. A Freirean Journey from Chicana and Chicano Studies to Critical Race
Theory. The Wiley Handbook of Paulo Freire. p.417.
Tyler, C.P. and et.al., 2019. Critical Reflection and Positive Youth Development among White
and Black Adolescents: Is Understanding Inequality Connected to Thriving?. Journal of
youth and adolescence. pp.1-15.

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