Waste and Recycling Management in India

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WASTE AND RECYCLING MANAGEMENT
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Executive summary
The aim of the research was to establish, which country in Asia lack waste and recycling
facilities, to collect information on how people understand or aware about environmental
degradation, To develop tendency of managing waste to avoid pollution and establish waste and
recycling facilities . The research has indicated that, India is one of the Asian countries that lack
waste and recycling facilities. Despite the rule enacted in the 2000 to govern waste management,
the country has not yet achieved proper waste management. This study narrowed down and
ocused on hospital as main generators of waste. The basis of this was established with increasing
number of hospital in India. The researched utilized both recent and old literatures in trying to
figure the roadmap and trace why India has been regarded as one of the countries in Asia with no
proper waste management system. Previous literature gave a standout comparison and baseline
for this research. Literature review indicated that, there are factors that contributed to lack of
waste and recycling management in India. This research utilized the quantitative research
methodology to come up with finding to support the hypothesis of this research. Questionnaires
were administered to the respondents through the emails. The total number of respondents in this
research was 60 respondents from different nationalities. In this research descriptive analysis
was chosen to facilitate accurate analysis of the information. The findings of this research
showed varying and interest result, but consistently showed a correlation with the previous
literatures. Father studies have been recommended to contribute on this field of research as one
of the limitations of this research was lack of previous journal on waste and recycling
management. In a conclusive view of this research, there is much more the government and other
stake holders should do in order to manage waste as it has grown into a global concern.

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Table of Contents
1.1 Background of the study....................................................................................................................4
1.2 Objectives..........................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Hypotheses........................................................................................................................................6
1.4 Research Questions............................................................................................................................6
1.4 Scope of the study..............................................................................................................................7
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................................................................................8
2.1 Waste characteristics in India............................................................................................................8
2.2 Type of solid waste............................................................................................................................8
2.3 Indian health care waste.....................................................................................................................8
2.4. Reasons for lack of proper waste management...............................................................................11
2.4.1 Segregation practices not in place.............................................................................................11
2.4.2 Inappropriate operational strategy.............................................................................................12
3.0 Research Methodology........................................................................................................................15
3.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................15
3.2 Research design...............................................................................................................................15
3.3 Target Population............................................................................................................................15
3.4 Sampling Technique........................................................................................................................16
3.5 Data Collection................................................................................................................................16
3.6 Analysis Technique.........................................................................................................................16
4.0 Analysis...............................................................................................................................................17
4.1 Course of lack of proper waste and recycling management in India................................................17
4.2 What it takes to have waste and recycling facilities.........................................................................18
4.3 Government participation in waste management.............................................................................20
4.4 What extend do you think you will benefit from such project of waste management......................24
4.5 Is it an important term in global environment..................................................................................24
5.0 Conclusion and recommendation.........................................................................................................25
5.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................25
5.2 Recommendation.............................................................................................................................26
Appendix...................................................................................................................................................30
Questionnaire............................................................................................................................................30

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Waste and recycling management
1.0 Introduction
With increasing population across the globe, solid waste and recycling management and
facilities are become a challenge to many developing countries across the world. This research
will focus on waste and management recycling (Anagnostopoulos, Zaslavsky, Kolomvatsos,
Medvedev, Amirian, Morley, J., & Hadjieftymiades, 2017). Since most of the Asian country are
becoming industrialized, waste management has been regarded to be an important aspect. This
research focuses on India as is one of the Asian countries that do not have a proper waste and
recycling management and facilities. Much of the word will not cover on countries with proper
waste and recycling management.
1.1 Background of the study
All the activities taking place in the environment and that follow supply chain has got the
potential of having a negative effect socially or ecologically, and so, this will need an entire
initiative along the supply chain. In influx of sensitization and the needed initiative of
environmental conservation, all organization and other institution existing in an environment are
being pressurized to implement policies that do bring sustainability to reduce environmental
effects on their products and services through waste and recycling management facilities. The
reason as to why organizations are being sensitized to carry out green supply chain management
is the lack of proper mechanism employed in waste and recycling management. Green supply
management has so far gained lot of popularity in all fields with the aim of reducing waste and
focusing on quality food life preservation and natural resources. Green supply chain involves

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bringing the environmental minds into supply chain management (). This chain management
involves, how products are designed, selection of material and sourcing, and the process of value
addition, supply and delivery of inventories or final goods to the consumers together with taking
care of life span of the products after its economics life (Srivastava 2007). Today, close to all
sectors has been hit by the green chain sensitization as measure of addressing environmental
issues leaving not behind the health sector as whole.
With the growing number of hospitals and dispensaries in India has become the main contributor
of waste in the country which has so far raised an alarm for the local governments in India. This
was having been identified as pollutants that have significant effects on human health. Mercury
and dioxin make the list of the two main pollutants with adverse effects on human health in air
which results from ass emission from medical waste incinerators (B.Kaiser; Eagan; Shaner
2001). The only address relevant authorities have made is the cost which has been directly link to
this waste and includes; collection of waste, transportation, treatment, waste final disposal and
utilization of resources efficiently. There is a direct correlation between the waste generated,
human health and the environment in which the waste is being emitted to. Resent researches
have indicated that, the local government have been ignorant on the hazardous effect of mixing
the hospital waste with the general waste (Gupta and Boojh 2006) together with the effects of
this healthcare units burning their waste in an open air leading which release dioxin to the
astmosphere.( B.Kaiser; Eagan; Shaner 2001).
Healthcare waste management having been not been much brought the attention to this research
to focus on the reasons as to why, waste and recycling management do not work effectively in
India.

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1.2 Objectives
General Objective
To analyze the situation regarding waste and recycling facilities in undeveloped countries in Asia
To determine the market for waste and recycling business
Specific Objectives
To collect information on how people understand or aware about environmental degradation
Too develop tendency of managing waste to avoid pollution.
To establish waste and recycling facilities
1.3 Hypotheses
Ho. Most undeveloped Asian countries don’t have waste and recycling facilities, they are
expensive to run them.
H1. There is a need for an affordable recycling business that would allow them to have
waste and recycling facilities as part of global environmental solution
1.4 Research Questions
1. Which Asian country doesn’t have waste and recycling facilities?
2. What are the main reasons why they don’t have them?
3. What takes to have waste and recycling facilities?
4. Why is it important to have them?
5. Why are they expensive?

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6. How much will cost to establish them and how much it will cost customers to pay for
their waste?
7. Which customers are we targeting?
8. What are the benefits for the company low cost recycling and why in Asia?
9. Who will benefit from the project?
10. Why is it important in term of global environmental?
11. Is there any government support on this project?
1.4 Scope of the study
Asia being a growing industrial and continent, solid waste and recycling management is becomes
an essential policy in which the whole continent must look at. Instead of conducting a research to
addressing waste and recycling management across the industries in the continent, the research
will focus on solid waste and recycling management within India and will address the issue using
the health industry in India.

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2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Waste characteristics in India
Solid waste can be defined as, all the waste that is not transported by water; which has no value
for re use again (Needhidasan; Samuel; Chidambaram 2014). Solid waste includes mining,
agricultural, industrial and municipal waste. Solid waste includes large organic matter, plastics
and papers, metal and glasses, ash and fine earth (Sharholy et al. 2007; Awasthi; Zeng; Li 2016).
Not all solid waste has same composition but solely depend on other factors such as the living
standard and weather.
2.2 Type of solid waste
As defined by Sarholy (2007), solids can be classified according to their sources, phases,
composition and the treatment requirement. In research conducted by Nandan; Yadav; Baksi;
and Bose (2017), major sources of solid waste include industries, plants residential, commercial
and institution, construction demolition and municipal. Focus has much been made on
commercial institution mostly on hospital were waste like biochemical waste, food waste, glass,
metal, plastics and special waste are generated while private institution also contribute a large
proportion of waste (Walker; Sisto; D.McBain 2008).
2.3 Indian health care waste
In a research conducted by (Muduli and Barve 2012), it is approximated that the total
number of hospital beds is about 600,000, about 23,000 primary health centers, and hundreds of