Waste and Waste Water Treatment PDF

Waste and Waste Water Treatment 1
WASTE AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
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Waste and Waste Water Treatment 2
Water and waste water treatment
Introduction
Water and waste water treatment is a process that involves removal of contaminants from
wastewater and turning it into an effluent that can be brought back into the water cycle such that
it has minimum or reduced effect on the environment. It also enables the waste water to be
reused directly. The process is carried out in a waste water treatment plant (WWTP). It is also
commonly referred to as the water resource recovery facility (WRRF). The process involves
removing or breaking down pollutants in the municipal waste water that include waste water
from households and industries. Large water supplying agencies that serve many residential,
commercial or industrial premises often have a shared upstream waste water treatment system
that shares a similar principle to the one used by the municipal water treatment plants. This
implies that the water is fully treated before it can be supplied to the customers through a
distribution system from where the customers will consume it. The treatment of waste water also
forms a basis for the field of sanitation (Benefield, Judkins & Weand, 2012). Sanitation is an
activity that involves the management of solid waste, human waste and also the management of
storm water or drainage. The byproducts that come from waste water treatment plants such as
grit, screenings and sewage sludge can also be treated in the waste water treatment plant.
The activity if water and waste water treatment has got a number of benefits to the environment
as well as the locals. A number of contaminants are removed from the water hence making it
usable again. The government is also able to reduce a number of health risks that are usually
associated with the pollution of the environment (Parsons, 2014). Waste water treatment has
therefore become a major priority for al governments all over the world. Some of the benefits
that are associated with the treatment process include the following;

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Prevention of diseases- waste water have a potential to contain chemicals and bacteria
that when consumed, it may result to diseases or even death to the people.
Provision of clean water- with the rising world population, it is becoming a challenge to
maintain enough provision of water for all the people. It is therefore a guarantee for all
nations to produce more clean and safe water for everyone. This can be achieved by the
process of water and waste water treatment (Wang & Peng, 2010).
Reduced water wastage- the whole process of water and waste water treatment revolves
around the principle of recycling and reuse. Almost all the biodegradable materials
removed from the whole process can be used for other secondary purposes.
Helps the environment- the management of waste water removes the bacteria and
chemicals that are considered harmful in the water supply. All the natural resources and
the living creatures within the environment are therefore protected from this exercise
(Grady et al, 2011).
Assessment of existing water supply / sanitation
This report is aimed at carrying out an assessment of the some of the existing water supply and
sanitation system and the level of technology that they apply for water and waste water
management. The target area of report is comprised of a population of up to 250000. This
represents a huge population that greatly requires water on a daily basis in order to run most of
their activities. Being an urban area, it is necessary to have in place a reliable and operational
water supply system and also an effective waste water management plant. A number of projects
have been put up with a bid to help counter for the increasing urbanization and the growing
population within Malawi (Judd, 2010). Before coming with the most elaborative design, it is
important to perform a number of examinations that will ensure the intended goals and objectives

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are met. This is achieved through the usage of advanced computer modelling techniques in order
to carry out an analysis of each system while considering the water input, the optimum pump
sizing and the details of distribution.
The Technology
This report discusses a quality that is used in reduction of sludge and that is applicable for both
sludge treatment and waste water management processes. The technique handles the following
activities;
Thermal, mechanical, chemical and electrical treatment
addition of chemical un-coupler
predation of protozoa in the treatment line of the waste water
Physical, biological and chemical pretreatment in the treatment line of sludge.
The main objective of this technique is to reduce the amount of sludge that are required to be
disposed (Jiang & Lloyd, 2012). The most commonly used technique for treating sludge is the
anaerobic digestion. This is a process where a large percentage of the organic cells is broken
down into carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in the absence of oxygen. Close to half of
the amount is transformed to gases as the remainder is dried and becomes a material in the form
of soil.