Wireless Networking: Antennas, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX, and SDN

WIRELESS NETWORKING
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1.
 Horn antenna
This is a example of antenna wire that is mostly utilized in flaring, this is the change
of the radiation effectiveness through using a wave control that has a long gap, this
forms a startling cutoff in the gradual wave transformation. It is mostly utilized in
UHF and SHF recurrence ranges(Gehrin,2016). During the change procedure, the
beam is step by step changed into a radiation this increases its focusing strength. It
works with expanding directivity and lessening diffraction criteria to enhance
correspondence process. There are diverse sorts of horns radio wire this incorporates,
sectoral, pyramidal and conical horns. It has disadvantages and merits in technology
industry.
Merits
 Its directivity is very high during beam transformation
 It forms beams that have narrow width,.
 Has no hanging waves during its transformation process
 Has high matching and impedance
Demerits
 Very large flare angles are needed.
 Directivity of the beam that is generated during transformation is determined
by flare angles
Yaqi antenna
Yaqi antenna is mostly used due to its good characteristics e.g high gain and high
performance.it has very many directors that makes the directivity and functioning of
antenna to be excellent(Heinzelman,2010). With reflectors at its surface that redirects
available energy in the direction which the beam is being transmitted to this reduces loss

of energy in the antenna and makes it more efficient. Commonly used with TV operators
where single frequency is needed.
Advantages
 There is low energy loss during beam transformation process.
 Its focusing is very clear since the beam is highly directed.
 Its frequencies cover a wide area.
 Its maintenance and repair are very cheap.
 Very high gain is achieved.
Demerits
 Its affected by noise.
 Mostly affected by weather factors e.g rainfall, and windy.
Cellular antenna
This antenna is used in boosters and amplifiers. This type of antenna are connected to the
cellphones directly or any other device through their adapter. They are characterized with low
frequency levels and their size is very small(Lueng et al,2009). They are made through a process
called photo etching by die-electric materials. Mostly used airports and aircrafts for
communication.
They have the following disadvantages and merits.
Merits
 They are more portable since they are light in weight
 They are easy to install
 They are very cheap
Disadvantages
 They have inefficient radiations.
 Their frequency bandwidth is very little.