(PDF) Women in Hotel Management and Leadership

Dissertation
(Women in Hotel Management and Leadership style in Thailand: To investigate
the position of women in)

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................1
The different style of leadership between male and female........................................................1
Glass ceiling issue that the women leader face in hotel management........................................5
Factor that leads women leader to success in hotel management...............................................9
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................12
Types of investigation...............................................................................................................12
Research design.........................................................................................................................13
Research Approach...................................................................................................................14
Research philosophy.................................................................................................................14
Data Analysis ...........................................................................................................................15
Method of data collection..........................................................................................................16
Data Sampling...........................................................................................................................16
Validity and Reliability.............................................................................................................17
Accessibility issues...................................................................................................................17
Ethical consideration.................................................................................................................18
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING.....................................................................18
Findings from interview............................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................27
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................28
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................30
REFERNCES ................................................................................................................................33

Title: “Women in Hotel Management and Leadership style in Thailand: To investigate the
position of women in hotel management and leadership”.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
The different style of leadership between male and female
According to Kofi Annan, (2018), gender equality is one of the important aspect for
every business organization as this may lead to improve overall performance level and image as
well. As both male and female having specific skills and knowledge to perform their activities.
However, number of women in leadership position is less a compare to men within the
organization because of gender differences only. Thus, it is also important for management to
recognize the both women and men behaviours at the time of leading their staff members. Both
men and women are act different in various situation such as decision making, problems solving
and many more that occur at workplace. Along with this, every leader whether they are male and
female have specific skills to deal with any kind of situation. In this context, Thailand is the one
of the countries in Asian in which the majority of Thai is relate with Buddhism. In this all the
organizations are use effective leadership style to lead their workers. As Thailand is a high and
collectivism culture so that all the people and organizations are often avoid conflicts and issues
with another. They would like to pretend respect with others because they Thais people are able
to control their modest and emotions. On the other hand, according to various investigations it
has been found that male mostly qualifies as the best leaders while performing tasks and male
leadership stays much effective than a female leadership.
As given by same author that “the possibility that women and men differ in their typical
leadership behaviour is important because leaders’ own behaviour is a major determinant of their
effectiveness and chances for advancement”. The statement which was given by the author was
much effective till some aspect. As men have wider range of exploring or investigation over
number of situations but women in Thailand does have less chances of doing research over
different areas because of sex discrimination (Ahmad Bibi and Majid, 2017). In past few decades
as given in different investigation it has been found that women are much creative than men.
Thus, it can be said that women who are leading distinctive business organisations have raised
profit in much effective manner than men. Both men and women carries different mindsets and
perception depending over the situations. Therefore, this can be considered as major difference
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which makes leadership of both of genders antithetic form each other. Apart from this, relation in
between leadership styles and gender has recently become an important topic of doing
investigation.
According to Braden Becker., (2018), every single leader uses various leadership styles
to provide better direction, implement different plans and also motivating people at workplace
for enhance their working performance at workplace. On the other hand, it has also been
analysed that all the leadership styles like democratic, autocratic, laissez-faire, and others may
differ from each other when it is compared over two different genders (Male and Female).
Managing a hotel comes with many roles and responsibilities, thus, it is may be possible that
men may have high number of opportunities than a women in Thailand. As business people in
this country in past decades did not consider women as if they can work in an organisation at a
good designation because of high illiteracy rate among female gender. But, in previous years
women has improved themselves in different areas in Thailand. There are many female leaders
and entrepreneurs in Thailand have become much effective at workstation. In this context there
are some leadership styles between male and female in hotel management:
Democratic leadership: For women it is one of the effective style in which women
leader involve their staff members at the time of taking decision because they believe in
collecting different views and opinion. One of the main advantage of this style is that, female
leader encourage creativity and unique ways to make right judgement. With the help of this,
workers are highly satisfied with their job and also enhance their productivity level as well.
Recently, it has been analysed that women that are sitting on managerial posts in different hotels
in Thailand majorly uses democratic leadership style. Through this, hotels in which women who
are manager have earned much more profit and gained reputation than male managers. Here,
female managers asks for suggestions from staff, takes decisions on the basis of suggestions that
has been given by employees. It aid them in motivating staff and gives them an opportunity of
raising themselves or getting promoted in hotels only. It is better because, employees majorly
deals with all the problems in hotel industry, asking for suggestions from them in order to make
hotel much effective in nature (Li, Fagan and Bourguiba, 2016). With the help of this, women
managers in hotel industry becomes able to deliver high experience to customers as per their
needs and requirements.
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Autocratic leadership: Mainly this type of leadership style is used by male leaders due
to their aggressive nature. As they do not want any kind of interruption in their decision making
process. Along with this, autocratic leader (Male) make decision without discussing with their
team members. This type of leadership appropriate when company needs to make quick decision
but it is negatively affect on the staff members because of less involvement of workers
(Jermsittiparsert, 2016). On the other hand, it has also been analysed that women who have used
this type of leadership style have not been much successful in nature. Female managers mostly
carries humble nature, Therefore, most of them do not go for autocratic leadership style as
dominating others is not there nature. Apart from this, 100 out of 50% of male uses this style
because of their behaviour towards others. There are many cases where decisions which has been
taken by male manager in hotel industry have become wrong. This impacted negatively on profit
margins and reputation as well of hotels. But, in this case as well sometimes it becomes vital for
managers to take quick decisions and other leadership styles like democratic needs time because
taking suggestions from others requires time which may impact badly on quick decision making
process.
Laissez-Faire leadership: It is also an effective leadership style which used by Thai
women in hotel management for leading their team members. In this, female leader provide lot
of freedom to their staff members to perform their task in effective way. Along with this, it is
also based trust through which leader can easily give direction to team members if the need
arises. One of the main advantage of using this leadership style is to allow the people to perform
work at their own pace and at the same time also provide better flexibility to staff members. With
the help of this, Thai women can easily lead their team members to encourage them. This will
directly contribute in making strong workforce (Vasayangkura and Kunphoommarl, 2015). Hotel
industry requires much more working hours than any other sector. Thus, Thai women who are at
managerial position may use this type of leadership style in order to better serve to visitors in
hotels.
Along with this, gender differences and leadership styles become more important for
every business organization as employees whether they are men or women plays as a crucial role
in entire work forces but male workers are appointed on higher position then female. The main
reason behind this is that the female leader adopt democratic and participate leadership style.
Through which they can easily increase workers engagement within entire activities. Along with
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this, men leaders employs more strict than women because they focus on completing task from
their workers in any any kind of situation. Sometime, it negatively affect on overall performance
of the workers at workplace (Rurkkhum, 2018). So that women leaders are use transformational
leadership style to motivate, encourage their team members so that they can easily perform their
task. This will contribute in making positive work environment at workplace and at the same
time also shares clear vision to attain desirable results. In this context, there are some strategies
which use by women in hotel management are as follows:
Development over goals: It is important for women leader to set clear goals and
objectives for attaining business success. In this context, the transformational leaders needs to
develop their employees to achieving positive outcomes. Along with this, female leader should
set goals by transforming entire team members with the purpose of making them better and able
to attain predetermined targets (Novelli and Tisch-Rottensteiner, 2012). They also play role
model to inspire their subordinates towards the business goals and objectives. Women leader also
invest more time in giving better coaching to their team members for developing their values and
abilities.
Don't be transactional: Under this, women leader focus on overall performance of the
team members which may reduce the chances of arising issues at workplace. Along with this,
they also engage their subordinates by giving them direction. This will help in increasing
productivity level of all the team members (Mukundan and KA, 2018). In hotel industry, it has
been analysed that women managers have given equal opportunities to its subordinates. This
impacted positively in motivating employees and improving number of chances for organisations
to hit its targets.
Leverage your Gender: Women have higher oxytocin level than men. As they easily
connected with people and team members by sharing their views and opinion. Along with this,
women are more concern and care with their subordinates as they easily understand their needs.
This is the main reason that why women is more than men. In this they provide better guidance
and grow opportunities to their team members to meet the end goals and objectives. They also
better at the time of explaining their views and emotions verbally in front of their team members
(Dokkularb, 2013). In hospitality industry, it is much required for women to keep on making
effective changes so that they can keep their belief much effectual in nature in front of their staff
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members (Vechachart and Sulisworo, 2017). It is a quality of a leader which should be
considered by women being as a manager in hospitality industry.
Strength based tasks: It is also a best thing in which women perform as a
transformational leader and also assign task to the team members as per their capabilities and
abilities. For this, women leader determine the capabilities towards the performing the job
activities (Kessler, 2015). With the help of this, workers enjoy their task and also tries to put
their best for attaining desirable goals. On the other hand, organisation's targets can also easily
get hit by companies and can kept their focus over improving number of chances in enhancing
reputation in near future.
Over communicate: Female leaders are effective in verbally communication as it
consider as a major key aspect to attain success. For example: when team members are feel more
comfortable to being transparent with their leader than it reduce the chances of arising issues and
problems at workplace. With the help of this, employees easily increase their productivity level
at workplace (McCargo, 2015). Verbal communication should be much effective among women
manager and its employees as then only hotel may hit it targets or make right changes as per
requirements. Hotel management course can help females in improving number of chances in
getting employed in hospitality industry.
Glass ceiling issue that the women leader face in hotel management
According to Jone Johnson Lewis, (2017), glass ceiling effect implies with resistance to
efforts of women and minorities to arrive highest ranks in multinational corporations. The term
was heavily used in mid of 1980s; at this time women entered the workplace at large range and
found themselves unable to advance beyond a certain level of management. Along with this,
Glass ceiling is metaphor for hard to see various informal barriers which keep women stay away
from promotions, pay raises and further opportunities. It can be also seen while describing the
limits and barriers which are usually faced by racial people or groups. In Thailand the approach
was invented in economic organisations but later stated to applied to invisible limits in which
women are not allowed to raise and put their opinions. There are several function of cultural and
societal sanctions that may affect women career growth and development. There are different
kinds of obstacles which a women working in the field of Hotel Management can face this can
be related to personal and professional and moreover all the factors are explained below for
better understanding:
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Work/ Family conflict: It is considered as one of the common issues in which women
face problem in maintaining a proper balance between work and family. In modern world, after
doing hotel management course in Thailand there is a higher chances for women to get a
professional job in a famous hotel (Chantamool, Laoakka and Phaengsoi, 2015). Unfortunately,
it has been analysed that a percentage of women has been in puzzled up while working and
considering their family as a responsibility. Hospitality sector demands long working hours and
asks for heavy dedication towards a job duties. Thus, this situation may bring ample number of
stressful barriers for women that are working in this sector. Modern world has given equal
opportunities to both men and women. Then also, families mostly consider female as their major
care givers.
After when a women reaches home putting her full efforts over task which has been
given by seniors, spouse and children both asks for full attention which create much more
difficulties and create imbalance in both work and personal life. This can be taken as a good
example of glass ceiling issue for women leaders while working in hotel industry (Trupp and
Sunanta, 2017). On the other hand, this anticipation has carried a negative perception of women
over jobs in hotel industry and stopped them doing jobs in hotel management. It is mandatory for
families and company to keep their full support over women so that they can create proper
balance among work and personal life.
Equality opportunity: It has been analysed that companies in today's world have given
equal opportunities to employees. But in reality, scenario is totally different where employer
chooses men over women because they can put full efforts and can give more working hours.
Apart from this, it has also been analysed that recently the “business case” for promoting women
and other diverse groups has become more popular. Essentially the business case utilizes a
Gendered division of labour in hotel industry human resource management perspective. With the
help of this, equal opportunities can be given to women in hotel industry. On the other way, it
has been found that in past few years business people in hospitality section and in other sector
used to give jobs to men instead of women as they used to think that males were much more
efficient than females. But, according to a study, it has been analysed that women in Thailand are
much more effective than male staff in hotels.
On the other hand, it has also been found that diversity which is related to effective
management, a notion in which all nations has had a long history creates a number of strong
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arguments for the utilization of women workers for the corporate good. This scenario has raised
number of chances for women and given equal opportunities to them in hospitality industry. On
the other hand, it has also been analysed that, there are many campaigns like “Say No to
Violence” and “Media Monitor” influenced women in going for equal jobs and opportunities.
This has improved many number of chances for women and treated in the same manner as men
were doing in business world (Dimitriou, 2017).
Gender discrimination: This is being considered as one of main barrier that has been
seen by women of Thailand while choosing Hotel management course for their near future. In
last few years, sex and gender discrimination is clearly seen in the hotel industry. Traditional
gender-based labour divisions is one of obstacles which is related to career development of
women (Lathabhavan and Balasubramanian, 2017). In past decades, there are many examples
present in all over world where women have already cleared that they are not weak from men.
This empowered them with various decision taking skills. But issues related to sex
discrimination still exists in the market. This has impacted negatively on performance level of
females in this sector. It has been analysed that large number of women of Thailand got
employment in hotel industry, especially in non-managerial side in a company. Here, jobs which
has been offered by hotels to women are : semi- or unskilled, low paid and classically segregated
over male and female gender. If it is compared over wages, it has been found that women gets
paid much less than men. Therefore, this can be considered as a male dominated organisational
culture in distinctive hotels. This has raised number of benefits for customers and impacted over
number of areas. Another issue that has been faced by women in hotel industry is that they are
subject to high levels of sexual harassment from both guests and staff because of low literacy and
educational level. There are many cases where women staff first got raped and then murdered in
hotel by both guests and employees or management of hotels.
A male dominated organisational culture: This is being considered as another issue
which created problems for women in hospitality industry. Apart from this, it has also been
analysed that there are many organisations that today also believes that men can simply perform
much higher than women and do not gives equal opportunities to employees (Kumar, 2015).
Thus, it can be considered as one of a kind approach which impacted negatively on performance
level of women staff members. On the other hand, it has also been found that companies in this
sector cannot take risks because of high competition. Therefore, it is much required for
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organisations to focus over this issue as it may raise number of chances of hotels to grow in
competitive environment. On the other hand, hospitality industry have also tried to make changes
as per the requirements and tried to adopt equal based organisational culture but higher influence
of men has became one of crucial barrier for them.
According to Tajeddini, Walle and Denisa, (2017), hospitality industry of Thailand, there
are only a hundred of women that are sitting on a high managerial job in distinctive hotels. Apart
from this, in hotel industry workforce, an average of 55.5% of women are found on various
positions such as directors of sales section, housekeeping or are in marketing department and
men are sitting on managing department. Thus, it can be said that female in hotel industry are not
sitting on higher positions in hospitality industry. But in last few years, as employment in this
gender improved which impacted positively and changed the whole scenario for hospitality
sector of Thailand. Still there are many glass ceiling issues that can be seen which has been faced
by women in Hotel management like they do not get same opportunities as men do. They do not
take initiatives as well which makes them less effective in nature. Becoming a leader is not an
easy task to do thus, it can be considered as something which may impact over different areas.
Women in Thailand have lower earnings than men workforce. It ranges approximately 65% to
80% of wages which were being paid to men (Women's economy and labour in Thailand, 2015).
On the other hand, women that are in hotel management have faced number of problems and
created many differences. Majorly, this gender have faced intense attitudinal barriers.
This has created discrimination among business world as well because of higher
influence of women. Apart from this, it has also been found that there are several personality
related characteristics under hospitality sector which stays common in nature among both men
and women. Some of them are : courtesy, consideration, tactics, perceptiveness, skills related to
communication and many more (KUSIRISIN, 2014). Thus, these are some of characteristics of
both gender which may aid them in bringing up the equality. In a report, women managers in
hotel industry have given high performance than male managing people. Organisational,
management related knowledge, financial, maintaining people and economy related aspects are
some of major concerns where women kept themselves much stronger than men.
Apart from this, women frequently carry out the most undesirable and lowest status work
in hospitality. Along with this, hospitality industry of Thailand does not occupied women
employees even in present era, as they think that women employees cannot perform well in this
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sector. Although, the sector requires night shifts, instant decisions, travelling one place to
another and handling various nature of clients etc. Although, the companies have classified
themselves into different departments, such as – human resources, finance, advertising, sales etc
(Wongthong, 2013). Moreover, many women who are working in areas, i.e. such as operations,
finance and reservations have hard times breaking through the manager or director level or any
higher positions.
In reality, the hospitality industries have no shortages of women employees but senior
management positions seem to be mostly taken by men. The reason behind generating glass
ceiling issue is - gender discrimination, a male dominated organizational culture and work and
family conflict as most of the female employees are bound with their family traditional or
cultural thus they are unable to give more time to their jobs through which they cannot obtain
high position in hotel management industry (Crainer, 2012).
Factor that leads women leader to success in hotel management
According to the Alyssa Gautieri, (2017), women in top management position is
important concern in the hotel management which help in increasing the female employees
within the hotel. For attaining the same, management needs to provide them better opportunities
to them so that they present themselves best in front of team members. Still, inequality between
men and women are highly occur at workplace as all the power, top position and decision-
making is highly belong to men. In Thailand, number of hotels managed by men and women are
found in the low level of the management. This is the reason women are work on lower level and
responsible for housekeeping services, front office and marketing and well. But in this context,
women are equal ability as compare to men as they having creative and specific skills to perform
their task. Women also more polite with their staff members than men in which they easily
understand workers issues and concern at workplace. Apart from this, women majorly nurtures
in much better way than a men. Thus, in hotel industry women may communicate with
consumers in much effective and efficient way than male managers. Apart from this, caring,
adopting and supporting behaviour of female majorly has helped women in improving number of
chances of becoming much more successful hotel managers than men. According to an
investigation hotels that have women in managerial positions are more successful in facing the
increasing competitiveness and adapt to changes more efficiently.
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This is the reason that they are easily communicate with other people. All these are assist
them in attaining top position in hotel management. Furthermore, women work as well as
perform more creative and successfully than men this will help them in attaining positive results
in systematic manner (Batra, 2014). For improving women performance, management also
provide the opportunities to explore their their management and leadership styles at the time of
facing challenges at workplace. Perceptual experience related to behaviour which has lend
women to career development among two different groups. On the other hand, it has also been
analysed that there are three major items like hard work, positive attitude and communication
that majorly plays a crucial role for a women at hotel management.
This will help them in gaining benefits within the hotel and also enhance their position. In
addition of this, globally, approx 24 % women occupied senior position within the organization
and rest or female are perform their duties at lower level. Thus, it is important for top
management to provide guidance and ways to female to shoe their talent so that they can easily
attain leadership position. Now days, women are more creative when compare with male because
they has politeness and ability to deal with any kind of issues that occur at workplace. With the
help of this they can easily handle and provide better solution to resolve issues. Women also
having specific skills to maintain better relation with their subordinates and senior as well as the
main reason behind this is that they easily communicate and share understand people thinking. In
this context, there are some factors that lead women to success in hotel management are as
follows:
Effective communication skills: It is one of the important factor for attaining success in
hotel management. Female employees are easily communicate with their staff members in which
they easily understand term members views and opinion of all the team members. This will help
in taking right decision at hotel. One of the main advantage of this factor is to improve better
relation with their staff members (Nitikasetsoontorn, 2014). Thus, for better improvement,
women employees needs to conduct group presentation to evaluate improve the relation with
their workers. On the other hand, it has been analysed that women at managerial level in
hospitality industry needs to make changes as per the requirements. Thus, this may lead women
to create number of chances to improve themselves in different sections.
Mentoring: It is also consider as crucial factor through which women can motivate and
mentor their team members performance level. As it play big role in developing overall
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performance of the team members. In this context, female employees analysis all the factors of
the worker before taking any kind of decision. Through which they motivate their workers to
perform their best and at the same time also influence them to take initiate to attain positive
outcomes (Wong and McKercher, 2012). With the help of this, women can make its staff
members dedicate towards assigned jobs or tasks. A female as a leader is much creative in nature
which makes her unique from a male leader. Using new ways of mentoring techniques has
helped female in motivating team members and helping them in looking at different areas in
hospitality industry.
Creative thinking: This factor help in determining the issues that can be occur at
workplace in-front of workers as well. In addition of this, women have ability to thinking
creatively as they tries to find better solutions towards the issues. This will help in improving the
chances of attaining success in hotel management. In this, they are creative thinkers in aspect
with critical situation. Furthermore, brainstorming is a best way to develop creative thinking
because it encourage the women thinking in various ways to explore their ideas which might be
applied in harder situation. With the help of this, female leader can easily define best way to
solve issues in effective manner (David, 2017). On the other hand, creative thinking influenced
women in becoming much more effective at workplace in hospitality industry. As modern world
is highly dynamic in nature related to technology thus, it is much required for female managers
to have creative thinking in order to make changes as per the requirements.
Self confidence: Women are tend to underestimate their performance in particular
situation. One the other side, male are more aggressive than women so that female are effectively
handle the harder situation with more confidence. Along with this, women are also inclined to
their attributes so that they can easily increase their self confidence and at the same time also
increase the chances of attaining positive outcomes (Punnakitikashem, Maimun and Rakthin,
2017). As they also keep confidence while facing any kind of situation. Tenderness of women as
a manager may aid them in taking right decisions because aggressiveness might take a men to
make wrong decisions. Therefore, building up self confidence and patient women are two major
factors that may lead her in becoming much more effective in nature at workstation. This may
lead female who have done hotel management to hit their targets or assigning right job to correct
person as per their capabilities.
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Problem solving skills: One of the important factor that lead women success in hotel
management. As they think critically for determining the best solution of the issues. For attaining
success women needs to improve their skills and abilities to measure the effectiveness of the
situation. By this they are able to determine the cause of arising issues with the hotel. This will
directly contribute in making positive work environment at workplace (Phannarat, Phothisane
and Buarapha, 2016). As women stays much calm and composed which ultimately makes them
in taking right determinations as per the requirements. On the other hand, it has also been
analysed that women faces number of problems while going through an issue but their calm
behaviour helps them out in making decision in much effective manner than a men.
Positive attitude: Mainly women are positive minded in every situation as they believe
in maintaining relation with their team members. By using this factor, female leader can easily
encourage their team members towards their job activities and at the same time also motivate to
keep calm in aggressive situation. With the help of this women easily maintain positive work
environment in which workers feel confident and polite with each other. Along with this, it is
also necessary for women leader to keep positive attitude at the time of handling complex
situation so that they can easily find alternative option to resolve issues and obstacles in effective
manner (Saminpanya and et. al., 2014). This will increase motivation level of the workers and at
the same time also influence them to take initiative for sharing their views and opinion while
taking decision. With the help of this, female leader can enhance their productivity and also
make them able to handle all the situation that occur at workplace in hotel management.
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It this one of the important section of the research in which investigator use various
methods for carry out the research in systematic way. With the help of this, investigator can
easily draw a valid conclusion by making better decisions. In addition of this, it is also important
for researcher use right method for undertaking research to evaluate the right judgement towards
the research topic. If the data is gathered in effective way then researcher can take accurate and
reliable decision. Thus, it is important for researcher to use best methodology for carrying out the
research and collect relevant data (Ramadani, 2015). This will help in gathering authenticated
and relevant data in appropriate manner. Along with this, philosophers and scholars also tries to
use new methods and approaches which would be more effective and efficient to conduct
methods. Mainly the overall success is highly depend on the methodologies that is chosen by
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investigator at the time of conducting research program. The overall research is conducted in
systematic way with the purpose of attaining set goals and objectives. As the main objective of
carry out this research program is to investigate the position of women in hotel management and
leadership. As the researcher tries to gather information towards the leadership and women in
hotel management. Women in Hotel Management and Leadership style in Thailand: To
investigate the position of women in hotel management and leadership. In this context, the
research method should be select in effective manner so that investigator can easily run the
research program and get desirable results.
Types of investigation
This section of research methodology is important because in this researcher tries to carry
out the research activities in effective manner. It provide appropriate direction through which
researcher easily carry out appropriate research. For drawing valid conclusion, researcher needs
to select right method. With the help of this investigator can easily gather relevant data and
information. Mainly, these type of investigation help in collecting in depth data which help in
drawing valid conclusion in systematic manner (Mackenzie and Peters, 2014). Thus, it is
important for investigator to select best type of research for implementing entire research
activities. Mainly, investigation can be done in two way which are; qualitative and quantitative
method. Both are important method for investigator to gather relevant information towards the
research topic. This will help researcher to take right decision towards the research activities. In
this, qualitative data means the quality factors by which researcher collect relevant data (Terglav,
Ruzzier and Kaše, 2016). Mainly, it includes non-numeric information like interview,
questionnaire and many more to gather accurate information towards the research topic. On the
other side, quantitative data is also effective which is highly relate with numbers and quantity as
well. By using this, researcher can easily gathered actual information and data. For conducting
this research, investigator will use qualitative research method through which they easily collect
appropriate data by taking interviews. In this, they will ask various questions relate with research
topic from number of people. By this, they take right decision for making valid conclusion.
Research design
It is also an important section of research methodology which help in determining the
ways by which researcher can undertake an effective research. Mainly, it is a systematic
approach through which investigator can easily conduct a scientific study in order to evaluate the
13

actual outcomes. It also refer to the overall strategy which is selected by investigator to study
about different components of research in logical way. In this, there are different type of research
design such as descriptive, exploratory and experimental. All these are appropriate for
undertaking research in systematic manner:
Exploratory research design: It is very effective design which help researcher to gather
possible explanations for carry out the research. Mainly, it concern with actual problem and
situation in order to resolve issues. With the help of this, researcher can easily resolve issue and
also find the main cause (Mehmood and et. al., 2017).
Descriptive research design: It is also an effective research design in which the
researcher focus in evaluating the issue with better solution. Mainly, it is more specific and
purposive study which is based on the various hypothesis (Solnet, Kralj and Baum, 2015). Along
with this, researcher needs to evaluate the clear reason of the study.
Experimental research design: This kind of research design is focus on determining true
experiment. Mainly it is relate with experiment which is done by the researcher to carry out the
research in effective manner. As the variables are includes price, products, strategies and many
more.
For conducting this research, researcher use descriptive research design because it help in
observing and describing customers behaviour. Along with this researcher also focus on
managing risk which help in reducing the chances of arising negative impact on effective manner
(Khuong and Nhu, 2015). With the help of this researcher easily analyse entire aspect of the
research in appropriate manner.
Research Approach
The perception of an investigator at the time of conducting an investigation represent an
approach that is to be adopted whole study. Under this, different kind of approaches are there
which help investigator to gather data. These are deductive and inductive research approach. In
deductive research approach, new theory is developed and also proved by the preparation of
hypothesis (Tevichapong, 2012). Under this, outcomes are based on the observation of the
existing figures and facts. Generally, it emphasized on causality and also related with the
quantitative investigation. It can be explained through means of hypothesis which can derived
from theory propositions. On the other hand, an inductive approach of an investigation is
emphasis on observe the current facts as well as figures.
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According to the observation, there is some pattern developed. Mainly, this research
approach is related to the qualitative investigation and use the research question to narrow. It is
helpful in collect data and information in a detailed manner. Therefore, it can be said that study
related to research take in to a consideration depends on the inductive approach. This study is
based on qualitative research that emphasis on determine the hotel management and also
leadership style in the Thailand (Joshi, 2017). With the help of this, an investigator is going to
be draw the valid conclusion which are reliable as well as reliable in the nature.
Research philosophy
It is a belief regarding a way under which data and information about the phenomenon
that should be collected, used and analysed. It is helpful in identify the belief patterns which is
followed on research part in order to conduct an investigation in significant manner. It is
necessary for an investigator to chose suitable and appropriate philosophy for supporting study in
to a consideration (Hussain, Bhuiyan and Bakar, 2014). Under this, the research philosophy
based on the positivism and interpretivism.
In context to positivism philosophy, it is more effective for an investigation where a
researcher use the mathematical as well as scientific model for data collection and also analysis.
It is helpful in providing detailed information about the specific research topic. On the other
hand, interpretivism philosophy adopt the qualitative means in order to accumulate data or
information in an effective or efficient manner. This research is based on interpretivism in which
researcher gather data on the basis of human interest..
Data Analysis
It is important for researcher to analyse all the factors effectively which help in
undertaking an systematic research study. In addition of this, the main purpose of investigator to
make their research reliable to draw a valid conclusion (Dangi, 2014). Data analysis is an
effective process of transforming, cleansing and modelling data with the purpose of discovering
all the data and information to take right decision. In this, researcher needs to adopt suitable
method which help in drawing a valid conclusion and attain suitable results in appropriate
manner.
` Mainly there are two type of methods such as qualitative and quantitative. Both are
appropriate for carry out the research. By using these, researcher can easily collect relevant data
and information towards the research topic. Qualitative method refer to the process which relate
15

with the explanation of people towards the research aim. On the other side, quantitative data
analyse method is related with quantity. Mainly, it considered as a systematic approach through
which investigator collect numerical data to take right judgement. The nature of this report is
qualitative which define the data and information in qualitative mean. In addition of this,
collected data analyse through adopting thematic analyse. This type of technique create various
themes to analyse the data in systematic way. This will help researcher to represent their relevant
data in appropriate way. Collected data evaluate as well as analyse into different themes through
which investigator can analyse wide range of information in effective manner. By adopting
thematic analyse, researcher can easily analyse all the data and at the same time also generate
valid conclusion in appropriate time frame (Khuong and Hoang, 2015). Thus, for carry out this
research, investigator decide to adopt qualitative method for conducting research in effective
way. For this, researcher prepare interview for gathering views and opinion of respondents
(D'Souza, 2016).
Method of data collection
Collection of data is one of the important aspect for researcher to carry out the research in
effective manner. In this, the researcher includes alternative ways to collected data towards the
research topic. Mainly there are two type of data collection method such as primary and
secondary. Both are important for investigator to undertake research with the purpose of drawing
valid conclusion in systematic manner. Primary method refer to these data and information
which is collected for first time by using primary sources such as questionnaire, survey and many
more. It can be done by interacting with people and customers towards the research topic (Butler,
Kwantes and Boglarsky, 2014). On the other side, secondary is related with information which
collect from various journals, articles, and another materials which is published. Current research
is relate with both primary and secondary sources. By using these methods, researcher can easily
draw a valid conclusion in analysing as well as evaluating all kind of information. With the help
of this, investigator easily determine reliable outcomes in effective way. Thus, it can be said that
research is based on both primary and secondary information. Through which investigator can
easily undertake an effective research in systematic frame. In this context, the secondary
research is help in collecting data from various articles, journals and another materials. For carry
out this, research, investigator use both primary and secondary data collection which help them
in taking better decision.
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Data Sampling
Sampling method is one of the important as it help in selecting the sample size of
population for gathering the relevant data in appropriate manner. Data sampling is consider as a
important aspect through which researcher may evaluate the data and information for collecting
data in effective manner. In this context, there are two type of data sampling method such as
probabilistic sampling techniques and non probabilistic sampling technique. Both are appropriate
which may help in analysing collected data (Ponsamritinan and Fields, 2018).
In this context, probabilistic sampling techniques consider simple random sampling
technique through which equal probability which assign to each and every observation to collect
information. On the other hand, non-probabilistic sampling technique includes convenience and
purposive which help in collecting data . In this, researcher choose sample size from sample of
population which support them in undertaking research project (Moswete and Lacey, 2015).
Along with this, purposive sampling techniques is also help researcher to choose sample size to
collect informations. For this report, researcher adopt purposive sampling to select appropriate
sample of respondents. In this context, investigator select sample size is 20 women which are
working in hotel industry. All these are able to provide reliable data towards the study. This will
help in gathering relevant information in appropriate way.
Validity and Reliability
It is important for researcher to set as well as determine reliable results by undertaking
research work. In this context, validity and reliability both are important aspects for making
research project successful. For determining creation of validity, investigator needs to effectively
extract information from various authenticate sources (Ahadi and Suandi, 2014). Present
research is valid in nature in which researcher draw a valid conclusion in systematic manner. On
the other side, similar outcomes are determined in various circumstances then research consider
as a reliable in nature. As per current research, investigator also ensured that data and
information is evaluate by using authenticate sources. For effectively carry out the research,
suitable method used by researcher with the purpose of ensured the criteria of validity and
reliability.
Accessibility issues
It is also consider as relevant information which used by the researcher for undertaking
research project. At the time of carry out research, investigator face various issues with limited
17

transparency of reliable data and information. In this context, the researcher gather relevant
information through respondents. Along with this, issues are also arise at the time of the
undertaking research which is relate with time and money (Mekraz and Gundala, 2016). Thus,
researcher needs to effectively resolve the issues by managing time and cost as well. In addition
of this, researcher also invest adequate funds and set time for evaluating the research activities
for increasing the chances of attaining positive outcomes. In this context, researcher should
ensure the investment of amount for evaluating as well as analysing the relevant data and
information.
Ethical consideration
It is important for researcher to carry out the research in ethical manner. For this,
investigator needs to evaluate all the factors such as time and cost. Both are the essential factor
for researcher to undertake an effective research. Along with this, it is important responsibility of
researcher to keep all the information confidential. This will help in making research is
appropriate and reliable as well. In addition of this, researcher also ensure that no personal
information is ask with another person. Along with this, it is also important for investigator to
make clear objectives of the study in order to increase the chances of attaining positive outcomes
(Johnson, 2017). Mainly this section provide principle to the investigator to analyse the data and
information in ethical manner. In context of anonymity, it is important for researcher to keeping
the respondents details and information in confidential so that they easily evaluate as well as
analyse information in effective manner. For making systematic study, researcher evaluate the all
the issues and conflicts arise at the time of implementing research activities. Thus, investigator
needs to conduct research in ethical manner and also take care that all the aspects are reliable in
nature. This will help in increasing the chances of attaining positive outcomes.
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING
Data analysis is considered as a important part to whole research work as it help
researcher to evaluate valid and relevant information in effective manner. With the help of this
researcher can easily draw a valid conclusion in systematic manner. Along with this , by
considering this section researcher easily carry out overall research and at the same time also
also increase the chances of attaining set objectives (Nazarian, Atkinsonn and Foroudi, 2017).
For attaining this, researcher needs to select right and appropriate technique. In this context, the
investigator conducted the whole analysis towards the collected data and information.
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Furthermore, researcher use interview method for determining views and opinion of 20 women
which are working in hotel industry. Through which interviewer can easily gather relevant
information towards the study.
Mainly, it is creation of various themes that help researcher to conduct analyse in order to
improve the chances of attaining valid conclusion. Along with this, number of women are give
their answers of interviewer questions. This will help investigator to make reliable results in
systematic way. With the help of this, investigator can easily analyse the relevant data in
systematic manner and also improve the reliability of the data (Chubchuwong and Speece,
2016). Furthermore, data analysis section is determine the ways through which investigator
gather information and also analyse the same to decide the future action for attaining positive
outcomes. Mainly, it is an in-depth analyse through which researcher achieve predetermined
goals and objectives. This section is creating the ways and platform through which researcher
determine the outcomes towards the research topic.
In addition of this, leadership is one of the important aspect for every individual and
organizations as well. This will help in improving the performance level of the workers who are
perform task in attaining the objectives (Le Mare, Promphaking and Rigg, 2015). This research
is based on the Women in Hotel Management and Leadership style in Thailand: To investigate
the position of women in hotel management and leadership. In this, it is important duty of
researcher to make appropriate interview questions and ask women who are working in hotel
industry in order to collect relevant data and information. With the help of this investigator can
easily carry out the research and analyse the data in effective manner. It define in-depth overview
to effectively analyse the data to generating valuable results.
Findings from interview
Theme 1: What are the major skills required for women in attaining leadership position in
hotel management?
Interpretation: As per discussion of majority women in hotel it can be analyse that, Leadership is
an action for leading group of people at workplace. It provide direction to team member with the
purpose of motivating them towards the set goals and objectives. Along with this, it also requires
some major skills for women with the purpose of attaining higher position in hotel management.
Communication skills, strategic vision, creativity, innovation, emotional intelligence, confidence
and many more. All these important for women to becoming a leader in hospitality industry.
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Women in leadership position play crucial role in society and hotel management as well. As they
easily manage and handle their team members and also provide them direction to enhance their
motivation. Female leader are more creative than men because they know that how to handle
aggressive situation and also manage their team members in effective manner. In addition of this,
Thai women are skilled and educated through which they can easily make all the decision right
and also motivate their team members towards the set goals and objectives. Effective
communication is important skill for female leader to interact with their team and superior about
the hotel services and activities as well. This will help them in connecting with their staff
members and maintain positive relation with them. Communication skill beneficial for the
women at the time of making plan and procedures within the hotel management. Mainly, women
are more polite than men as they are effectively communicate with their team members and
understand their issues and obstacles that arise at workplace. By assistance of this they provide
better solution and also motivate to perform their best. Along with this, successful female leader
also able to influence others and at the same time also deal with issues that occur at workplace.
Women is also having strategic vision skill in which they easily determine what is next and also
encourage their team members to attain set goals and objectives. Female leaders are bring
creativity and innovation in which they easily handle uncertainty and competition. Emotional
intelligence is also an effective ability of women through which they easily understand and
manage their emotion t the time of performing their task and job activities. By this skill women
keep calm and confidence at workplace while handling critical situations. All these are important
skills for women to attain leadership position in hotel management. This will help in improving
their overall performance at workplace.
Theme 2: Factors that leads women leader to attain success in hotel management?
Interpretation: As per the discussed of majority of women it has been that, Hotel industry is one
of fastest growing sector as it develop various opportunities for women to become more
successful. In this various factors are their which helpful for female to attain leadership position.
In hotel management, number of women are employ at lower level such as housekeeping,
marketing manager but the more number of men are perform their activities on higher level. For
attaining higher position in hotel, women needs to make themselves able to perform high
responsibilities as a leader. In this context there are some factors which become efficient for
women in hotel management. Build a team is one of the important factor for women to make
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their activities simple and smoother as well. In this they also responsible for providing them
better direction and guidance at the time of performing activities at workplace. This will provide
support to female leader to attain desirable goals and objectives. Along with this, female leader
also need to ensure that all the team members are skilled and capable to execute hotel activities.
It also assist them in building positive relation among all the team members at workplace. Learn
new things is also a major factor in which female leader needs to manage all the task and at the
same time also improve their skills and knowledge to attain positive outcomes. In addition of
this, women leader also understand the situation to resolve issues effectively. For this, they have
to keep positive attitude and create innovative ways to improve their learning and also make
effective plan towards the specific goals and objectives. As a leader, it is also important for
women to keep learning and also up to date about policies and strategies that develop in hotel
management. This will help in improving overall performance at workplace and at the same time
also make themselves able to lead team members. Being organised is another for women in hotel
management. Thus, as a leader, it is important for female to be well organised at workplace as it
includes some activities such as scheduling task, supervising team members, delegating towards
the job activities, effectively deal with complaints of guests. If women leader is not well
organised towards their task then they are fail in managing activities. So that it is important for
female to having all these factors for becoming leader at workplace.
Theme 3: Which leadership style is suitable for Thai women in hospitality sector?
Interpretation: According to statement of women in hotel industry, leadership is one of the
important aspect for every business organization to maintain workers performance at workplace.
It also contribute in making team members strong and capable. In this leader also play vital role
in leading as well as controlling the team members with the purpose of making their able to
accept challenges. With the help of this, leader can easily enhance the productivity level. In
addition of this, different leadership styles are also used by Thais women in the hotel
management. As female are more creative in making their team members strong and capable to
effectively perform their task. By using appropriate leadership style women leader can easily
enhance workers productivity and also motivate them towards the organizational goals and
objectives. In addition of this, democratic leadership style is one of the effective for women
leader in hotel management. This style is also known by participative leadership style in which
female leader includes all the team members at the time of taking decision at workplace. One of
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the main advantage of using this style is to increase satisfaction level and group effectiveness of
the workers at workplace. This will directly contribute in attaining positive outcomes in
appropriate time frame. Along with this, it is an effective way to leader and influence workers to
improve their productivity. Democratic leaders are able to show care and concern to their staff
members which will contribute in enhancing their productivity. By this workers feel that they are
important for the hotel which help them in making productive and also put their best efforts to
attain desirable goals and objectives. Mainly, Thai women are use this type of leadership style in
which they enhance workers morale, qualitative productivity level at workplace. With the help of
this, female leader can easily complete all the task and activities in allotted time frame and also
make right decision by sharing views and opinion towards the hotel and its services as well. In
addition of this, team members are also feel engaged with the hotel process which may help in
attaining positive results in an appropriate manner.
Theme 4: What are the challenges faced by Thai Women in hotel management?
Interpretation: According to the Thai women in hospitality sector, In hotel management, Thai
women face various challenges at the time of performing their activities. Still female is
struggling to manage their working responsibility along with family. As there are various acts
which are main barriers to women such as lack of visibility of female in senior position, gender
bias, glass ceiling, long work hours, pay inequality, sexual harassment and many more. All these
are major issues for women leader which reduce their productivity level and also make them
demotivated towards their job activities. Thus, it is important for women leader to make efforts
to managing proper balance between work related issues and family time as well. This will help
in improving their performance level in hotel management and also enlace their productivity. In
addition of this, the main challenge face by the women is sexual harassment at workplace in
which male and senior manager are dominate them which increase unfriendly and negative work
environment in hotel management. Gender discrimination is also an issues for women in hotel
management. Female are not rewarded equally which may reduce their motivation towards the
job activities and also fail in managing their business activities. Organizational culture is also a
major issue for Thai women as male dominated culture create obstacles in-front of women which
is the main reason of glass ceiling. If organization wants to encourage them then they needs to
motivate and also influence to women to entering in top level management. Along with this, also
offer better pay and status is also beneficial for female workers to improve their career in hotel
22

management. Apart from this, work and family conflicts are also a major challenges in-front of
women at workplace. Sometime, female workers are not able to manage both their work related
and family responsibilities as well. They also face lack of fairness in hotel management. All
these are major issues which faced by the women at workplace which nay reduce productivity
level of the female. Thus, it is vital for female leader to maintain their performance and also tries
to raise their skills and motivation to attain higher responsibilities at workplace. This will
contribute in overcoming from all the issues and obstacles.
Theme 5: Benefits of employing women in hotel management in Thailand?
Interpretation: According to the discussion with women in hotel management, employing women
in hotel management is more beneficial in which they easily understand how to manage all the
activities in effective manner. With the help of this, female employees can improve their
performance level and at the same time also create better relation with their top management. In
this context, hotel management can determine the unique ways for working within the
organization. This will positively impact in overall performance of female employees. It enhance
overall performance of the hotel because they easily manage their working activities to attain
success of the project. For this, management provide effective programs to improve female
work-life balance which lead in reducing the staff turnover of the hotel in effective manner.
Along with this, high level of gender diversity also help in enhancing the innovative and
productivity level of the female employees. Women employing help in maintaining better
relation with local community as they interact with their top level management and also extends
the economic benefits. With the help of this they also share information among society to make
better network. This will directly contribute in managing overall performance. Along with this,
it help in sharing social network by managing their relation which this society with the purpose
of improving their performance. In addition of this, it is also beneficial for hotel management to
manage all the working activities in appropriate manner and at the same time also evaluate the
creative ways to improve the overall performance level of the hotel. As a leader, women are
easily motivate their workers by sharing views and opinion towards the hotel goals and
objectives. With the help of this, employees feel their importance for hotel and at the same time
also make them able to attain success. Female leader is polite with their staff members in which
all the people are easily share their problems and get appropriate solution. It help workers by
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providing them direction and motivation at the time of performing their activities. By this they
can easily execute their task and attain positive results.
Theme 6: How do you feel about women capabilities? Are they more creative than men?
Interpretation: As per discussion with Thai women in hotel industry is has be summarised that
women leader perform their activities in unique way as they provide better direction to their
workers. Along with this, women employment is also consider as a key aspect which contribute
in emerging as well as developing economic condition of the nation. As it help in increasing the
chances of women employment and at the same time also improve their living standard. In
addition of this, women are able to manage their personal and professional life which may help
them in making their both professional and home life balanced. Sometimes, female leaders are
fail in managing their team members and the main reason behind this is that they mix their home
and management as well. women are more creative as compare to men in managing their entire
work in effective manner. As they easily perform their duties in hotel management and also lead
all the team members effectively. This will help in improving the overall performance of the
hotel in Thailand. As per current scenario, women are more focused towards their work and also
delegated to make their work appropriate and systematic. They know about how to manage and
lead all the workers in effective manner. For this they also communicate with their staff members
and also tries to understand their problems. In addition of this, women leader are easily
communicate with another person and also influence them towards any kind aspects. This will
lead in improving the overall performance of the hotel. They also humble as compare to men
because they easily manage their team members and maintain better relations. This will directly
contribute in reducing any kind of issues. Women leaders are easily make creative decision by
considering all the aspects that present at the workplace. By this overall performance of hotel can
increased.
Theme 7: Ways to increase the number of women in attaining leadership position in hotel
management in Thailand?
Interpretation: As per the discussed of majority of women in hotel industry, it is important for
every business to increase the number of female in higher position. Along with this, hotel
management wants to use effective ways to increase the number of women in achieving
leadership position. This will help company to increase the performance level. In this context,
management tries to hire women for representing them as a leader within the company. As
24

women are highly participate in every kind of activities in which they easily communicate with
their staff members and at the same time also maintain better relationship with them. In addition
of this, women participation within the hotel management is not just a gender equality but also
make economic sense. In Thailand, various hotel and companies are tries to represent women as
a leader to attain better performance as female leaders are more polite with their staff members in
which they include them for every activities of the hotel management. This will improve the
overall performance of the hotel and its workers as well. In this context, there are some ways
used by management to boost up the involvement in the hotel. In addition of this, make long
term gender diversity objectives is an effective way in which business organization decide to
bring towards the greater gender in the leadership. In this, Thai organizations create effective
culture in which women leader focus ion making long term goals and objectives and also put
their efforts for attaining the same in an appropriate time frame. Along with this, they also take
initiatives for achieving long term objectives. With the assistance of this, firm can easily make
their positive performance and at the same time also encourage their workers to attain the same.
Build and train women leaders from an early stage is also an appropriate way to increase the
number of women within the hotel Thailand to manage entire business activities in systematic
way. For this company also provide various opportunities to female leaders to grow and learn
skills and knowledge. This will help in increasing the female employees involvement within the
business activities. As skilled and talented female employees define their traits from early stage.
By this, women leaders are involve in the key strategic project with the aim of attaining long
term benefits. Apart from this, make organization empathetic to women's needs in which firm
tries to hire talented women who are able to maintain better coordination with top level position.
In recent time, number of female are acquiring with advanced degrees and also entering in the
workforce to perform their task in effective manner. In this organization also make better
policies to involve female employees within their activities. This will increase the chances of
attaining positive results. Apart from this Ensure equal pay for equal work is also an important
way in which organization needs to ensure that women get equal pay for their equal working
activities. With the help of this, company can easily increase the number of women within the
business organization to improve overall performance level.
Theme 8: In near future where do you see women in hotel industry?
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Interpretation: As per discussion with Thai women, The future of Women in hotel industry of
Thailand is bright. The basic reason which increase the role of women in all working sectors is
providence of equal opportunities. It is observed that the overall contribution of women in
hospitality industry of Thailand is around 61.8 percent. In past era, observed that working of
women's was restricted. This scenario is changed now and they play eminent role in economic
recovery of country. There are many positive steps are taken by government of nation in this
regard by providence of different trainings which aid in development of skills of women. These
training programmes groom the overall personality of women which allows them to provide their
function in different sectors and industries. This leads to more opportunities and potential career
options for women in Thailand. Now, they have the opportunity to earn more income as they
employers are ready tom pay the amount according to skills and capabilities of worker. After
analysis of the past figures assessed that the total revenue earned by women of Thailand
increased from 65.4 to 80 per cent in comparison to men. After, assessment of all the conditions
prevail in hospitality sector of Thailand, future of women is very good and bright and having
lot's of opportunities to groom their overall professional career.
Theme 9: How to overcome glass-ceiling issues which has been faced by women in hotel
management?
Interpretation: According to women discussion in hotel industry, glass-ceiling issue is invisible
barrier that faced by the female employees in hotel management. In this women are prevents
from rising the higher rank in hotel management. Due to this issues, female employees are
getting demotivated and also feel dominated at workplace. This is the main reason that women
employees are not seen at higher position. For overcome form this type of issues, management
have to implement effective acts and policies such as Anti-discrimination act, equality act and
many more to protect the female employees at workplace. This will help in improving their
performance level and also motivate them to lead their team members in effective manner. If
women in higher position then they also suffer from the glass-ceiling issues thus, they have to
make them able to improve their capabilities and ability to enhance their productivity level.
Along with this, women also needs to keep their aim high and also eliminate all the assumptions
to maximize their performance level. Build a network is also an effective way to reduce the
issues that arise in-front of female leader in hotel management.
Theme 10: Strength of authentic leadership in key dimensions for Thai women?
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Interpretation: As per discussed with majority of women that, strength of authentic leadership in
a key dimensions which help women leader to to make positive work environment at workplace.
Mainly leadership theory focused on staff members for dealing with all kind of issues and
obstacles in effective manner. As authentic leadership determine the distinct components which
may contribute in managing workers activities in an appropriate way and at the same time also
enhance productivity level of the workers within the hotel. With the help of this, women leader
can easily provide better guidance to their staff members so that they can easily perform their
activities and attain favourable results in systematic way. Along with this, self awareness is
important leadership in key dimensions through which leader can evaluate as well as knowing
their strength. This will help in improving the performance level of the workers at workplace. In
addition of this, self awareness is also contribute in developing the another components with the
aim of managing entire activities of the hotel management. It directly contribute in developing
overall performance of the worker within the organization. On the other side, balanced
processing is also an effective authentic leader who are responsible for determine the action
before taking any kind of decision within the hotel. As women leader can easily motivate their
workers and also encourage them to take participate within all the activities. This will increase
the employees engagement within the hotel management. Internalised Moral perspective is also a
effective authentic leaders who are take right things within the business organization to maintain
ethical performance. In hotel management in Thailand, women leader are knows the rights things
through which they increase the chances of attaining positive results and also improve their
quality performance of the workers at workplace. This type of women leader make their specific
ways to implement unique and specific ideas to manage their work in hotel management ion
which they easily serve quality services by undertaking workers needs and demand. By this
management can easily attain set goals and objectives in an appropriate period of time. Rational
transparency is also appropriate leadership as it involve being honest and straightforward at the
time of dealing with another workers at workplace. As these type of women leader does not play
any kind of game to keep hidden their ideas and views because they includes all the workers
within the decision making process. This will increase the employee engagement within the hotel
management.
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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
It is the last section of research and also play important role in drawing valid and reliable
conclusion in systematic manner. With the help of this researcher can summarise whole study.
Along with this, the investigator analysis the chapter by evaluating entire data and information.
By implementing this section, researcher determine the valid and relevant results and cause of
action for upcoming time period (Pimpa, 2012). Mainly, this section is consider as an important
part that evaluate the overview of the research. This will help in providing conclusion and
recommendation to improve necessary areas for improvement. Mainly this section summarised
all the research activities and its results as well. Along with this, researcher also give their views
and opinion for making desirable results. It also help in finding alternative option for overcome
from any kind of issues that arise at the time of undertaking research activities. With the help of
this, researcher can easily improve the situation and at the same time also determine the reliable
findings towards the research activities (Fard and Saberi, 2015). Both conclusion and
recommendation are highly based on the research finding in which investigator provide direction
and improvement areas with the purpose of attaining valid and appropriate end results. By carry
out this part of research study, researcher can easily analysis the effectiveness of the information
that are gathered by the respondents by taking interview. It also help researcher to draw a valid
conclusion in appropriate time frame and also increase effectiveness of the research.
This research was aim to investigate the women in hotel management and leadership
style which directly connect with female workers in business organization on top level
management. Effective leadership is play crucial role in leading as well as managing all the
activities of staff members at workplace. Women in hotel management are relate with
professional and personal characteristics which is important for attaining top position at
workplace (Buaban, 2016). For attaining the same, female leader have to take initiative to
influence their workers in positive and creative way. This will help in improving overall
performance of the women as a top leader in hotel management. Along with this, it is also
necessary for women leader to understand the needs and ability to remove issues and problem in
systematic manner.
Conclusion
As per above discussed research, it has been concluded that leadership styles play
important role in every type of business organization. As it support leader to make strong and
28

capable team members within the company. Mainly, above mentioned research is based on
women in hotel management and leadership styles (Hillman, 2018). Hotel industries are refer to
the board which various variable services. In this women are also a major concerned that female
employees are always works on lower level such as housekeeping, marketing department and
men workers are work on senior level to manage the entire activities in hotel.
Thailand is an agricultural country in which both men and women play most important
role as a workers. Due to less chance for rural areas women in entering to education is main
reason that Thai women has lack of leadership. By this they are appointed at lower level in hotel
management. As per current scenario, literacy rate has increased which impacted positively on
education level among women of Thailand. This raised many opportunities for female in
management department (Madsen, 2017). By this, various hotels and industries are appoint
women leader to manage their business activities in effective manner. Along with this, it can be
said that women are more creative then men because they think creatively and easily find
alternative solution of the problems that arise at workplace. This will help in removing the issues
among staff members which directly contribute in making strong connection with them. Women
leader are calm in every situation them men because they effectively know that how to handle
situation in appropriate way. This is the reason that female leaders can easily recognize staff
members issues. With the help of this they also make better connection with their team members
and superior as well. In addition of this, Thai female leaders are also attain success by getting
respect from their staff members in which they easily create the trust with team. This will assist
them in running the business in smooth manner. In this women face both positive and negative
experience at workplace while leading team members but it help them in learning their skills
through which female workers are tries to avoid mistakes of repeating condition and situation
(Shah, Jan and Baloch, 2018). They also share their views and opinion with team members in
order to improve their performance and attitude as well. This will help them in sustaining in
hotel industry for longer period of time. Thai women leader are also able in convince and
encourage their subordinates to take initiatives to explore their ideas to perform their task in
effective manner.
In this context, there are various issues faced by the Thai women leaders such as Sex
discrimination, perception of people, Work/ family conflict and many more (Cho and et. al.,
2017). All these are create negative impact on workplace in hotel management so that sometime
29

they fail in managing workers activities in systematic way. Thus, women have to manage their
working hours and also tries to effectively connect with their superior. So that they can easily
perform their task. In addition of this, glass ceiling is also mentioned in this report, which is an
effect that stops women from getting higher opportunities in hospitality industries. Mainly, it is
artificial barriers that create issues in front of educated and qualifies females for any kind of
advancing within the organization. For overcoming for this, women leader needs to attained
coaching, mentoring, training and considered as a effective support for encouraging as well as
influencing women to perform their responsibilities and also make them able to attain higher
position at workplace in hotel management. This will increase the motivation level in which
women leaders can easily take challenges and also give creative option to recover it
appropriately (Lebel and et. al., 2018). For overcoming from the glass ceiling, hotel have to
follow all the laws and regulation that made by the Thailand government for betterment of
women. This will provide support to women to attain top level position at workplace.
In addition of this, women leader is also use effective leadership style for managing
entire activities of hotel in systematic manner (Pravichai and Ariyabuddhiphongs, 2018). With
the assistance of this, female can easily improve their productivity level and at the same time
also encourage their team members to perform their best for attaining desirable goals and
objectives in allotted time frame. For leading as well as encouraging workers, women leader use
democratic leadership style. In this they increase participation of team members in entire
activities of the hotel management. This will increase the chances of attaining positive outcomes
in appropriate way. Along with this, it also known as participative leadership in which all the
employees and workers are participate in decision making process of the company and also give
their views and opinion to reach end goals and objectives. The main purpose of using democratic
leadership style is to encouraging the workers to share their thoughts to solve the problem in
appropriate way. As group members are also feel that they are important for the management
(Kantavong, 2018). Just because of this, women leader can easily make their team members able
to attain desirable results.
Thus, as per above mentioned research, it has been summarised that women are more
creative and polite than men as they are able in finding unique ways and alternative to solve
issues. This will help in making positive relation with all the staff members so that they easily
share their views and opinion with leader. With the assistance of this, women leader established
30

positive work environment at workplace. In addition of this, Thai female are also capable in
managing and cope with uncertainties. They also having effective communication skill so that
they can easily convey the right message to the right people. It helps in reducing the chances of
arising any kind of issues and conflicts at workplace (Ayranci and Ayranci, 2017). For attaining
success, women have to be self confident at the time of performing their responsibilities so that
they are able to make creative ways to handle harder situation. With the help of this, female
leader may easily resolve issues and conflicts among all the workers and make positive work
environment within the hotel.
Recommendation
From above mentioned report, there are many recommendations which has been carried
out in present context like parliament of Thailand should keep on conducting campaigns on a
regular basis so that to empower women towards hospitality sector (Mahal, 2018). On the other
hand, it is also required for women to understand their importance and keep on motivating
themselves so that they can make proper balance among both professional and personal life. It is
also required for government of Thailand to build up the educational related campaigns so that
they can improve literacy rate of women of nation. Through this, they may get improve
employment rates. Away with this, complete removal of sex discrimination and applying all the
laws in order to remove number of barriers like male dominated organisational culture and many
others. As this may lead to bring in the equal opportunities for women in hotel management
(Dimitriou and Ducette, 2018). Investigator is also recommending over here that management of
a company should influence women staff members to take part in every single activity or risks
which has been faced by hotels. Improving existing skills and knowledge with the help of
different training sessions is another approach through which female may improve their
confidence level.
Along with this, it is also important for women leader to get better training and
development programs to improve their skills and knowledge and also enhance their abilities to
leader their staff members in most effective manner (Halim, Alremawi and Tambi, 2018). When
compare male and female leaders in hotel management then the women leader are more creative
them male and also able in determining creative ways to resolve issues that arise at workplace. In
addition of this, for taking higher position at workplace women should be able to effectively
communicate with their staff member and superior. With the help of this female leader can
31

develop positive relation with them. Glass ceiling in hotel management is also consider as a big
concern for women as it stops them to take higher position. Thus, it is important for female
leader to work hard and manage their working hours to become a successful leader within the
hotel management. This will provide support while managing as well as performing their
business activities so that they can easily make themselves capable and able to attain positive
results (Jassmy, Bhaya and Atiya, 2017). Women leader should have some important skills
which help them in performing their responsibilities in effective manner such as communication
skill, problem solving skill, mentoring, self confidence, positive mind set and many more. All
these are important for female leader to having with the purpose of attaining desirable results.
It has also been recommended that women leader in hotel industries should have better
communication skills so that they easily communicate and share their views with their staff
members (BERRAIES and BCHINI, 2018). This will help them in improving positive relation
with team members. It also contribute in making positive workstation in hotel management.
Along with this, creative thinking can also helpful for women in hotel management as this may
aid them in finding alternative options for resolve issues and conflict situation. With the help of
this, female leader can easily motivate their staff members and also influence them to take
initiate in decision making process of the hotel. Using democratic along with Laissez-faire
leadership style can be helpful for women who are at top level position as it provide support to
increase involvement of staff members in entire activities. As both styles are include workers in
decision making process and also influence them to take initiate. With the help of this staff
members also feels that they are valuable for the hotel management (Dechawatanapaisal, 2018).
Mainly, hotel industry requires more working hours, it is important for female managers that
they should have family support so that they can maintain proper balance between personal and
professional life.
32

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39

APPENDIX
Q 1: What are the major skills required for women in attaining leadership position in hotel
management?
Respondent 1: According to me, communication is one of the important skill for women in hotel
management to attain leadership position. As female are polite in nature as compare to men so
that they can easily communicate with their staff members and share their views.
Respondent 2: As per my point of view, confidence is also a vital skill for female to attain
leadership position in hotel management. With the help of this they easily handle all the conflict
situation. With out having confidence women fail in managing situation within the organization
so that it is important skill for female leader.
Respondent 3: As per my opinion, creativity is important skill for women because it help in
evaluating ways to perform allotted task. Mainly, female are more creative than men because
they think creatively in every situation and also tries to find specific way to perform task.
Respondent 4: I feel that emotional intelligence is also vital skill for women to manage their
task in hotel management. It is important because female stays more humble than men and ca get
emotional at complex situation. As a leader, women have to manage their emotions so that to
sustain at workstation for longer period of time.
Q 2: Factors that leads women leader to attain success in hotel management?
Respondent 1: As per my point of view, build a team is important factor for women to attain
their success, because without team building as leader female can not execute their task.
Respondent 2: I feel that learning new things is also vital for female to improve their
performance. They are ever ready to learn new things as per daily basis.
Respondent 3: According to me, women have to well organized at workstation so that they can
easily manage their entire working activities is effective way.
Respondent 4: As per my opinion, proper knowledge about policies is also vital for Thai
women leader to attain success in hotel because without knowledge female leader can not leader
their team members.
Q 3: Which leadership style is suitable for Thai women in hospitality sector?
Respondent 1: I feel that democratic leadership is one of the important leadership style for
women because they are more participative at workplace. Along with this, female leader includes
all the workers within their decision making process.
40

Respondent 2: As per my point of view, participative leadership is also suitable for Thai women
to lead their team members in which they motivate their workers towards the allotted task.
Respondent 3: As per my opinion, autocratic leadership is also suitable for women to perform
task. By using this, female leader can easily assigned to the individual at workplace.
Respondent 4: I feel that democratic leadership style is best suitable for women to leader their
workers in which they easily encourage their workers towards the business activities. Along with
this, they also increase their involvement.
Q 4: What are the challenges faced by Thai Women in hotel management?
Respondent 1: As per my point of view, glass-ceiling is main challenges that faced by the Thai
women in hotel management, because of family, male colleagues, high competition and so on.
Respondent 2: I feel that gender bias is major issue in front of female in hotel management
because number of business organization give importance to male workers.
Respondent 3: As per my opinion, long working hours is also a major issues that face by the
women at workplace. This is the main reason they fail in managing their personal and
professional life.
Respondent 4: According to me, pay inequality is one of the major issues for women leader at
workplace due to this they feel demotivated. This is main reason that women are not placed at
higher position within the hotel management.
Q 5: Benefits of employing women in hotel management in Thailand?
Respondent 1: As per my point of view, employing women is beneficial for hotel management
because female leader are easily handle complex situation by analysing entire factors to resolve
issues in appropriate way.
Respondent 2: I feel that women are more creative and also suggest a effective way to solve
issues and perform assigned task. This is beneficial for hotel to improve their overall
performance level.
Respondent 3: According to me, female are easily maintain relation with staff members by
sharing their views and opinion towards. This will also help them in managing entire work in
organization.
Respondent 4: As per my opinion, women leader are easily motivate to the workers towards the
assigned task. This is the main benefit of employing women hotel management.
Q 6: How do you feel about women capabilities? Are they more creative than men?
41

Respondent 1: As per my views, yes women are more creative than men because they are polite
and able to develop creative ideas to execute activities at workstation. They easily manage their
personal and professional life effectively.
Respondent 2: I feel that yes female are creative then men because they highly focused towards
their allotted task. Along with this, they also able in managing their entire business activities at
workplace.
Respondent 3: According to me, women leader are able in communicating with staff members
in which they understand their issues and problems at workplace.
Respondent 4: As per my opinion, yes female are much creative as compare to men because
they are polite with employees and also allows them to share better relation with all the workers.
Q 7: Ways to increase the number of women in attaining leadership position in hotel
management in Thailand?
Respondent 1: According to me, women participation in organizational activities is one of the
important way to attaining higher position in hotel management. By this female can easily
improve their knowledge and abilities to handle all the activities.
Respondent 2: I feel that make long term gender diversity is also an effective way for the
women to attain leadership position in hotel.
Respondent 3: As per my point of view, create effective culture is also appropriate because it
help in managing the positive environment at workplace in hotel.
Respondent 4: What I think is, equal pay is also important for women to attain higher position
in hotel management because inequality pay is the main reason to demotivate female workers at
workplace.
Q 8: In near future where do you see women in hotel industry?
Respondent 1: If it is talk about the future, I see women at top level in hotel industry because
they are more humble and manageable to perform their task. So that it is vital for hotel to provide
equal opportunities to enhance their knowledge.
Respondent 2: I feel that women are more creative than men so that they have to be on higher
position so that they can easily improve their performance.
Respondent 3: According to me women are not emotionally strong. I think some the they fail in
managing their team.
42

Respondent 4: In future I want to see women in higher position this is possible by following
legal laws and acts to provide them opportunities to attain leadership position in hotel industry.
Q 9: How to overcome glass-ceiling issues which has been faced by women in hotel
management?
Respondent 1: As per my point of view, by implementing legal laws and acts like equality act,
Anti- Discrimination act and many more easily overcome from the glass-ceiling issues in hotel.
Respondent 2: According to me, women have to keep their high aim also an important way to
overcome from glass-ceiling issues. With the help of this, female leaders can easily manage their
performance.
Respondent 3: As per my opinion, it is important for hotel to follow all the acts and legislation
develop by the government to reduce the chances of arising glass-ceiling issues.
Respondent 4: I feel that, training is also a important way overcome from the glass-ceiling
issues through which female workers are feels that they are valuable for the hotel.
Q 10: Strength of authentic leadership in key dimensions for Thai women?
Respondent 1: According to me, authentic leadership is one of the important key aspect through
which Thai women can easily manage their performance at workstation which mat lead them in
enhancing their position at workplace.
Respondent 2: I feel that self awareness is also a strength of authentic leadership by which
female leader can easily set clear target to attain desirable results.
Respondent 3: As per my point of view, rational transparency is also consider as an strength
which help leader in making best team to perform all the allotted task.
Respondent 4: As per my opinion, team building ability is important strength of authentic
leadership in which Thai women need to build team with the aim of attaining set target in
appropriate way.
43