Unit 4.2 Resource Management Report

This report investigates resource management in various business sectors, focusing on the comparison of physical and human resource management. It analyzes the resource requirements of three profiled businesses (agriculture, engineering, and call center), outlining key considerations for resource management in each sector. The report delves into monitoring and managing physical resources, the impact of resource wastage, and the costs associated with high-profile technological failures. Ethical and sustainable resource use is also examined. Furthermore, the report explores human resource planning, motivational theories, employee performance monitoring and improvement methods, and the effectiveness of reward systems. A case study of Tesco is included, analyzing their resource management practices, data on employee performance, and recommendations for efficiency improvements. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of effective resource management for business success and cost reduction.

Resource Management

INTRODUCTION
Resource Management plays the most crucial role in the organization as it is required for
conducting all the major operations and in turn, supports in performing better. Further, resource
requirement depends on the nature of the business and every company focuses on efficient
utilization of resources for enhancing market performance (Resource Management, 2016). Apart
from this, physical along with human are the key resources which are mainly required to carry
out business operations, and by utilizing them in an appropriate manner, it becomes easy for an
organization to accomplish desired objectives. Apart from this, the cost of employing advanced
technology is quite high and sometimes its failure has an unfavourable impact on the business in
the market.
Moreover, various crucial elements are present which keeps operating in different sectors
are required to consider at the time of managing resources such as its cost, etc. For conducting
the present study three different businesses have been chosen where one operates in the
agriculture sector, another one is engineering, and the last one is the call center. Various tasks
have been covered in the study which involves effective use of human and physical resources, a
need of human resource planning, etc. It also covers the different objectives of the human
resources planning such as cope up with changes, labor turnover, plans for expansions and
assessing the future requirement which is helpful for the organization.
TASK 1
1.1 Different resource requirement of three profiled businesses
For conducting overall operations in an effective manner, it is necessary for different businesses
to identify the resource required. For resource, requirement depends on the nature of business
activities and assists in accomplishing desired objectives (Werner and DeSimone, 2011). In a
case of agriculture business resources required are human and physical which involves machines.
Stems as family owned basis operate on small basis, but business requires human resources such
as four permanent family members are the main employees of the business who carry out
different activities. Physical is another resource where different machines and tools are required
for conducting agriculture business (Catano, 2013). This business requires primary resources for
mining and which is must be the main resource for this type of business, and it is helpful in
growing their business in positive aspects.

In the case of engineering business also major resources required are human and
technological. Main employees of the company are two friends and business partners. Apart
from this, advanced machines are used for conducting manufacturing process. It also includes the
manufacturing the electronic products with the help of different resources which is useful for the
enhancement of the business, and it creates an enhancement of this industry. At last in case of
call center, also human along with technological tools are main resources which are necessarily
required to carry out major operations. In short, resource requirement of the three different
businesses are same but the level of technology they are using differs from each other, and it
directly depends on the nature of activities being carried out by companies in the market (Lane
and Kangulec, 2010).
It also covers the finance form other businesses which is important for survive in this
type of industry so that the use of resources in a proper manner is essential for the business.
Further, all the three businesses require material according to their preference of type of business
which is important for the growth and development of the organization (Armstrong and Taylor,
2014). The family business uses the seasonal workers, and they consider the facilities of the
transport at a particular time so that they can achieve their goals on time.
1.2 Key requirement to be considered while managing resources
Management of resources depends on the nature of the business and the kind of activities being
carried out. Further, in the case of businesses operating in agriculture, engineering and call center
sector requirement are different which is considered while resource management. The
requirement of agriculture business depends on the type of crops which and the scale at which
business is operating. In case if the business is operating on the wider scale then more human
resource is required along with technological tools (CHUANG and Liao, 2010). Further, proper
management of these resources can directly save cost which is beneficial for the business in
every possible manner.
Apart from this, in the case of engineering business, the amount of manufacturing carried
out supports in identifying the major resources required. Organization has to consider the cost of
raw materials while managing the key resources and they are all crucial for the enterprise. It also
includes the health and safety of employees at the workplace which is to be considered by the
management of the organisation. Further, the business must follows laws and legislation so that it
does not create any problem at the time of issues. Moreover, in a case of call center, the key

requirement to be considered while managing resources is linked with the number of customers
which needs to be served by business on a daily basis (Bamberger, Biron, and Meshoulam,
2014). In case demand for customers is increasing then the business has to hire more employees
and through this overall efficiency of the organization can organization easily.
An information system is must be strong at the workplace so that the employees can
easily work in the proper environment (Bratton and Gold, 2012). It also includes the specialist
training which helps the employees to solve the queries of customers. Therefore, in this way
these are some of the key requirement which needs to be considered while managing resources.
So that it covers all the facilities such as storage facility for the agriculture businesses and which
is helpful for them to manage the resources properly at the time of functioning(Brewster,
Mayrhofer, and Morley, 2016).
It can be stated that there is the a wide range of factors which needs to be taken into
consideration by businesses to manage resources. Effective planning and budgeting is a strategy
which can be used by small and large companies to manage all available resources in the best
possible manner. On the other side of this, monitoring of the process and activities is another key
strategy which can be taken into consideration to manage resources in the an appropriate manner.
Monitoring will support in getting aware of the fact that the actions and resources are getting
invested in a a right direction or not.
TASK 2
2.1 How use of physical resources is monitored and managed
Physical resources are necessarily required within the workplace for carrying out a large number
of activities. Such resources reduce efforts of business and directly allows in an accomplishment
of desired aims and objectives. Physical resources The manager by considering its overall cost
when the business has to analyze the overall cost, and the outcome which it is delivering for
instance through physical resource engineering business is carrying out production and business
has to allocate funds for using this resource. Therefore, the overall income obtained must be
capable enough of recovering this cost (Armstrong, and Taylor, 2014). Monitoring within the
company is possible by providing an opportunity to employees to take responsibility in relation
to use of physical resources. Further, monitoring the quality of such resource is also possible and
keeping records regarding the use of same. So, with the help of this monitoring of the physical
resource is possible for an organization.

On the other hand for the management of appropriate resource plan is needed where
management is possible by estimating the actual requirement well in advance (Bloom and Van
Reenen, 2011). Organization must ensure that overall cost of purchasing such resources is
recovered and in turn, it can easily bring favorable results for the organization in every possible
manner. Therefore, in this way physical resources are managed and monitored by an
organization for its betterment.
Moreover, the physical resources are used effectively in monitoring and proper
management of the resources in the organization by the system of ordering and buying which
includes the proper arrangements of the ordering system so that it will be easily analyzed by the
management of the organization. It also covers the proper suppliers who provide raw material in
which the company monitor all the process which is going through in the organization so that the
physical resources are effectively used for the management of those resources (Brunckhorst,
2013).
2.2 Impact of resource wastage
Wastage of resources within the workplace highlights that business is not able to recover the
cost indulge into purchasing resources such as physical etc. Further, resource wastage has an
adverse impact on the organization where it directly leads to decline in overall profitability along
with the rise in cost (Boxall and Purcell, 2011). Moreover, it is the ultimate objective of every
business to utilize its resources in an efficient manner so that market performance of the
enterprise can be enhanced easily. Resources such as human and physical if not utilized properly
leads to unfavorable consequences. For instance, if the business is not able to utilize the human
resource in proper manner then the productivity of the enterprise will decline and in turn staff
members will not prefer to carry out assigned duties in appropriate manner (Dessler, 2016).
Apart from this, without having appropriate resources no business can survive in the
market and due to this reason its wastage can act as a hurdle in the accomplishment of desired
aims and objectives in the market. The main unfavorable impact is associated with a rise in
overall cost when resources of the organization are not utilized in an effective manner and due to
this reason, it becomes quite difficult for an enterprise to focus on its desired aims and objectives
(Gruman and Saks, 2011). The wastage of resources at the time of goods are not delivered and
sold at a particular time so that it leads to reduce the performance of the organisation. There is
also an impact of the resource wastage is the loss of customer base because if the goods are not

sold on particular time so the thinking of customer is that the products must not be good, so it
leads to decrease in the number of customers (Budhwar and Debrah, 2013). Due to the wastage
of resources, there is the reduction in the profits of the business and the financial cost is also
affected by the business which is a negative aspect for the company.
It can be evaluated that the wastage of resources may result in providing various kinds of
issues to companies. For example, ineffective use of resources may affect all the operations and
business practices of any business enterprise. Along with this, the impact of resources wastage
can also be seen on sales and profitability of companies. The wastage of resources may create
several kinds of obstacles in overall growth and success of companies.
2.3 Cost of high-profile technological failure
With the motive to carry out each and every operation in an appropriate manner, it is
necessary for every business to employ advanced tools. Without adoption of modern tools
overall activities of the organization cannot be carried out in the proper manner. In a case of
technological failure overall cost increases where the organization has to bear high cost and this,
in turn, leads to decline in profitability level (Burr and Pearne, 2013). Further, it is a well-known
fact that to employ advanced tools business has to invest larger funds, and in turn, some return is
expected. So, in this case when technology and advanced tools are failed then it leads to
unfavorable outcomes where the organization is not at all able to bear the overall cost. Due to
this reason business enterprise has to take corrective actions well in advance so that major cost of
employing advanced tools can be recovered easily and in turn, it can act as a development tool
for the organization (Guest, 2011).
In many cases, it has been possible that companies are not able to recover the cost of
failure and this shows inefficiency of the enterprise to carry out major operations. Due to this
basic reason, business is required to indulge into proper planning so that it is not required to bear
the cost of technological failure. Apart from this, it can easily support company to develop its
internal strength and in turn, can allow in gaining competitive advantage also. Further, the
technological failure in the fire service control central system due to the over usage of the
technology so that they have to pay a high cost for that which is unbearable for the organization.
It also includes the unfavorable outcomes at the time of failure of technology as they
employ advanced tools for the organization so that they can invest a huge amount in the field of
technology (Nabrzyski, Schopf, and Weglarz, 2012). If the techniques are not adopted by the

management, the operations of the business cannot be carried out properly which leads to a
reduction in the profits of the company.
The cost of high-profile technological failures can results in huge amount of financial
failures to companies. Apart from this, it may also result in increasing the overall cost of
operations which is a big threat for any business enterprise. It can be assessed that high profile
technological failure can lower down the overall profit margin of companies.
2.4 Use of ethical and sustainable resources
In the modern era activities carried out by the business are adversely affecting
surroundings and due to this reason it is necessary to ensure that ethical along with sustainable
resources are used for the betterment of company (Dann, 2012). Apart from this ethical resources
are the one which business has employed through fair means. Human as a resource has to be
utilized by the organization in an appropriate manner, and proper ethical guidelines have to be
followed so that performance of the business can be well maintained through this. Moreover, an
organization must not employ such resources through unfair means, and they must be used for a
fair purpose only such as for the betterment of society (Kaushal, 2010). Apart from this,
resources must also be sustainable such as in the case of engineering company manufacturing
process carried out must not harm surroundings such as through pollution or any other
unfavorable activity.
Resources such as human, physical, etc. must be used in a proper amount so that goal linked
with its optimum utilization can be accomplished easily and in the effective manner (Khan and
Sheikh, 2012). This can have the favourable impact on the brand image of business, and in turn,
the major targets can be accomplished easily. Ethical and sustainable resources can surely
support business to focus on utilization of all its resources and in can built internal strength. It
also covers the ethical code of conduct which is managed by the company to work in a positive
environment which is essential for the survival of the organization, and it enhances the morale of
employees so that they can work properly in a proper manner which is used by the organization.
It also helps in the advantage of marketing aspect so that it is helpful in managing the activities
outside the organization (Sabatier and Weible, 2016).
In the modern era, it is required by companies to ensure that all their resources are used in
ethical and sustainable manner. This directly results in carrying out the smooth flow of all
operations and activities. For example at the time of using human resources, companies need to

adhere specifically to ethical codes and practises. This includes offering them adequate pay,
growth opportunities, work timings, etc. On the other side of this, at the time of using
technological resources business needs to ensure that they do not create any negative impact on
the environment.
TASK 3
3.1 Need for human resource planning in the workplace
The objective of human resource planning is to have an adequate number of employees,
forecasting future requirements and anticipate the impact of technology, etc. The need of human
resources' management is based on some elements, and they are as follows:
Forecasting future needs: - According to given scenario, in agricultural business owner has to
train farmers before coming strawberries season (Lane and Kangulec, 2010). In engineering
business sales, administrative team is ready to work. In call center they should hire employees as
per workload there should not be a surplus of employees. It is also required to assess as is there
in any shortage or surplus of employees in the undertaking, if there are less number of employees
in the organisation so that it badly affect the work of the enterprise and if there are more persons
at organisation which will increase the cost of labour so that human resource planning ensures
that there is employment of right employees at organisation which will be beneficial for the
working of the organisation and so that there is growth and development of the business is
achieved(Storey, 2014).
Cope with change: - Agriculture business should prepare its farmers before the season, and they
should know about new seeds and government related updates, etc. (Werner and DeSimone,
2011). The engineer should be ready to deal with the latest technology. Call center employees
should be updated with the latest technology. Human resource planning helpful in coping with
the new demands of the organization which helps in growing the business(Smith, 2014).
Expansion of business: - Human Resources' management needed for expansion and
diversification of agriculture, engineering and call center business. It can be assessed that human
resources will also be required in business regarding carrying out future growth and expansion.
The selected business enterprise cannot carry out the smooth flow of all its business practices
and operations with a limited number of workers.
Increasing Investments: - To grow in agriculture business one should have to invest in seeds
and market. The engineer should have the collection of all specialist machinery (Brody, 2010).

The call center must have strong IT department. All these businesses should require investments.
HRP (Human resources planning) manage all investments so that company can earn the profit.
Thus, in this way all the businesses make the investment and expand their business which is
beneficial for their employees and management.
Protection of a weaker section: - Farmer should be benefited somehow in offseason as well.
Factory staff should be protected if any casualty happens (Resource Management, 2016). At the
time of weaker section, all employees should provide their help to firm by financially and
physically help.
Other than this, human resource planning will also support the selected business
enterprise to maintain a balance between demand and supply of employees within the workplace.
The use of human resource planning is essential because it provides companies with potential
information regarding what kind of employees will be required in future. This includes
information about key skills required, their demographic variable, number, etc.
3.2 Theory of motivation apply to motivate people at work
The work of authority in any organization is to get work done with the help of various
employees. To do this task, the manager should be capable and have ability to motivate
employees to work. In agriculture, business farmers belong to a weaker section of society. The
manager should know how the farmer will take interest to work fast. Economic benefits can
attract them and also provide moral benefits (Catano, 2013). For engineering business factory
workers deal with lights and electricity so they should be benefited like if something happens to
him, the company will give money to their family members. Organisation should insured
employees so that they complete their work without any fear. Moral benefits like; management
provide them the respect due to this, employees feel motive and easily give their best efforts to
firm. Call center manager should give their staff members proper knowledge about incentives,
accommodations, etc.
On the other hand, motivation totally depends upon needs of employees, working pattern
of employees (Brattonand Gold, 2012) It is not essential that if one's need is money so second
also work for it with the company. For a call center, one can be IT professional because he has
an interest in this field that's why he took an interest in doing good work. The management of the
organization applies theory of Herzberg's two-factor theory in which there are two factors such

as motivators and hygiene factors so that by those factors employees get motivated in the
organisation and enhancement in their performance at the workplace. Manager has to analyse
behaviour of employee, intensity to work, desire of workers and according they should motivate
people of their company so they can easily do their work for the organisation (Sabatier and
Weible, 2016).
The organization must apply the Maslow hierarchy of needs which includes the
physiological needs, safety needs, self-esteem and self-actualisation which help to identify the
needs of the employees and fulfill for the motivation of employees towards the work. Thus, in
this manner the there is maximisation of the effective use of the human resources theories of
motivation and it also effectively work in the organisation.
3.3 Evaluation of methods used to monitor and improve employee performance
The methods to monitor and improve employee performance can be different in different
organizations (Bamberger, Biron and Meshoulam, 2014). In agriculture business, they can
analyze the productivity and efficiency of the employees. They can compare their performance
with each other to develop a standard of performance. It can be used to evaluate as well as
monitor the employees. They have to ensure that the productivity of the crops is better than the
last season. In engineering business, there are unskilled labourers who work in the factory
(CHUANG and Liao, 2010). In this business, they improve the performance of labor by
providing different resources with their preference which is based on the work of each labour.
It will be better for the company to adopt the piecemeal system to evaluate and monitor the
performance of the workers. Those employees who have been performing well should be given
training so that they can learn new skills. It will benefit the company in the long run. The third
business in the case scenario is based on a call center business. The employees have to answer
professional telephone calls and they require two weeks training before starting the process. The
quality of the phone calls and conversation can be used as a performance measurement.
They must provide training which can be internal and external so that there will be the
increase in their skills and knowledge and to learn the new ideas to handle the various situations
at the organization. Training to the employees increase the enhancement level and helpful for the
work at the organisation, and that can be easily done by the employees. Further all the businesses
must have the targets and by the targets, they have to achieve the objectives of the organization
so that work can be done proper and without any issues (Brewster, Mayrhofer and Morley,

2016). Moreover, all the company must have their strategies to improve the performance of
employees which is based on the evaluation of their performance.
3.4 Effectiveness of the reward system in different business context
Rewards and recognitions play an important in boosting the morale of the employees in
all the business organisation. The employees feel satisfied, and it enhances high performance. As
per the agriculture business, the rewarding system can be very beneficial for them. They have
only four permanent members, and rest of the employees are temporary workers (Bloom and
Van Reenen, 2011). The rewarding system of the Stems business should be based on
performance-based incentives. It will boost the morale of the seasonal employees and it will help
them to increase the productivity of the business.
These businesses have the rewards system such as bonuses to the labor which motivate them
to do their best in this field and enhancement of their level of their performance. They have only
five months season, and the rewarding system can increase their revenues and profitability.
According to the engineering business, there are only ten factory workers besides the two owners
of the company (Gruman and Saks, 2011). These labors are unskilled, but they have the potential
to learn the skills of the factory process. The third business of call center business should use
rewarding system as per the quality of the call and customer service provided to the customers.
In this business, the management of organization can provide pay to the employees and
these can be based on their performance which is the best way for the reward system and
promotion is also another option for them to keep the interest of employees of the organization.
They also have the option of sharing their benefits regarding their performance they get from the
company they can share it with their employees sop that it enhance their performance also and
helpful for the organization (Nabrzyski, Schopf, and Weglarz, 2012). Thus it can be said that
reward system helpful in the increase in the performance of the employees and enhance the
morale of employees which overall benefits to the organization in an effective manner.
It can be asserted that the use of reward system can have both negative and positive
impact on the organization. Rewards system can prove to be very effective in situations where
the systems are fair and transparent. The rationale behind this is that such kind of system creates
the sense of satisfaction among workers and encourages them to give their best. On the other
hand, partial reward systems are ineffective and create dissatisfaction among staff members.

TASK 4
4.1 Monitor the use of physical resources against performance measures and procedures
Tesco Company has been monitoring the use of their physical resources in their organization. It
includes goods, production resources, information technology and financial resources (Khan and
Sheikh, 2012). Tesco Company has been Information Management System (IMS) in their
organization to allocate the resources. It depends upon the procedures and efficiency of the
employees. Furthermore, the quality of the goods should be maintained according to the
standards of the company. To accomplish this objective, the company keep records of the
physical resources allocated to different activities.
The management has allowed the employees to take responsibilities for the efficient use of
resources (Tesco Company. 2016). Their productivity and efficiency is compared to analyse their
performance. Apart from this, Tesco Company ensured that the use of physical resources by the
employees is according to the procedures and requirements of the company. They have been
using many techniques for monitoring like IMS, stock keeping system, sheets and machinery use
records. The use and efficiency of the resources and compared from the previous year’s data to
analyse them. Apart from this, planned dates are used to see their effectiveness (Werner and
DeSimone, 2011). Tesco Company has kept the records of the physical resources with their
supervisor and senior managers who guide the employees so that they can produce maximum
output from the resources. To review the effective use of physical resources against the
performance measurement and procedure by the customer feedback which is important for the
review of the performance and it can be positive or negative which is based on their work for the
organisation. It also covers the targets which are to be managing by the organization on the basis
of the requirement of the various resources at the time of functioning at the operations
(Brunckhorst, 2013).
After carrying out the monitoring of the use of physical resources, it can be assessed that
the company is using all resources in the best possible manner. An effective process of
monitoring has been developed, and this helps in ensuring that no wastage of resources is carried
out by the company.
4.2 Analyse the data on employee performance
Tesco Company has adopted many methods to monitor and review their progress against
the targets. They have taken into consideration the opinions of the customers in analysing the

performance of the employees (Tesco Company. 2016). The company has been 360 degree
feedback system for the appraisal of their employees. For example, the store manager gets
feedback from the other departments like Human resource department, finance department and
marketing unit. The managers of the company use interview sessions to analyze the performance
of the workforce and compare it with the performance benchmarks. The employees of Tesco
Company have been performing well in their tasks, and this has helped the company to reduce
their cost. It has increased the overall efficiency of the business (Khan and Sheikh, 2012). The
employees are rated according to a rating system specifically used by the company.
Codes Rating
Red Progress not according to the standards
Amber Some elements missing
Green All the tasks have been completed
Blue Excellent performance, ahead of the standards.
4.3 Effective use of human and physical resources
Tesco has been using their physical and human resources very effectively. It has allowed
them to reduce their cost and expenses. They have provided training to the employees so that
they can perform to the best of their abilities and maximize the output of the company.
Furthermore, they have set priorities for different resources; this has allowed them to manage
those resources which are limited in nature. The control and monitoring system keep a check on
the use of resources. Human resource management focusses on the motivation and engagement
of employees in the decision making (Gruman and Saks, 2011).
Tesco Company has performance framework which enables the management to compare
and analyze the performance of each staff member. They have to work according to the standards
and benchmarks of the company. They have been encouraging their employees to work
according to the objectives of the company. For accomplishing this objective, Tesco Company
has developed a positive culture in the workplace (Armstrong, and Taylor, 2014). The employees
are allowed to take their decisions and improve their knowledge. There has been good relation
between the human and physical resources in the company. The senior managers help the
employees to evaluate the need of the resources. Further, there is an effective use of the physical

resource at workplace including the tangible resources which is used by the company such as
land, office equipment and manufacturing equipment (Bratton and Gold, 2012).
It also includes the information technology and its attendant’s computer; servers and so
these all are included in the category of the physical resources. To manage effective use of the
human resources so that it includes that the manager has to take the responsibilities of the area of
staffing, compensation and benefits to the employees and the proper designing of the work.
Thus, it can be said that there is an effective use of the HR tech implementation of the techniques
as it is the important part for the organization. Further, the management of capital by
implementing the employee rewards program which is managed by the organization and so that
it improving the employee management (Budhwar and Debrah, 2013). Thus, these are the
effective use of the human and physical resources at the workplace which is essential for the
organization and so that there is proper management of the resources can be done through the
various types of resources and the enhancement of the performance of the employees.
4.4 Recommendations for improvement in efficiency
Tesco Company has been performing well in the industry. They have been using their
human and physical resources to their advantage. They have also adopted many methods to
increase the efforts of the employees in the business. The biggest problem in the company has
been their hierarchical system. Tesco Company has managed to build a positive in the company
but their organizational structure has been a barrier for the employees (Kaushal, 2010). It will be
better for the company to delegate more responsibility and duties to their employees. This will
not only improve the efficiency of the workers but they will come up with new ideas and
methods to enhance their performance. Some of the methods which can be used by the company
to improve their efficiency are as follows:
 The company should provide their employees with consistent access to information,
technology and infrastructure.
 There has been interactive collaboration between suppliers, employees, and management
 Improving the communication system in the organization (Khan and Sheikh, 2012).
 Providing training and guidance to the employees
 Improving the retention and satisfaction level of the employees.
 Make use of new and advanced technology
 Developing long-term targets for the employees

 Monitoring the use of physical resources in the company
 Evaluating the allocation of the resources.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the report that resource management is important for business. It
allows them to reduce their cost and to increase the efficiency of the employees. Each business
has it won requirement of rewarding system, monitoring system an and human resource
planning. Various case studies in the report highlight the importance of linkage between human
and physical resources in the business. Further, in this report there is evaluation of the use of
physical resources is managed and monitored with an evaluation of the effect of wastage of
resources in the organisation. In this report, there is also assessment of the cost of high profile
technological failures by the different software. The report also includes the use of ethical code
of conduct and sustainable resources which are used at organisation. There is also assessment of
the requirement of the human resource planning in the organisation. The theories of motivation
also help in boosting the level of motivation in the work of employees so that it helps in overall
growth and development of the organisation. Thus, to make the effective use of the physical
resources against the performance measurement and procedures. The performance of employees
must be improved so that they can easily work on the basis of their level of increment.