Wireless Networks: Exploring Antenna Types, Protocols, and Security

This report provides an overview of wireless networks, focusing on different antenna types such as Yagi-Uda, horn, and cellular antennas, detailing their strengths and weaknesses, and discussing their potential future roles in wireless communication. It also examines various wireless network protocols, including Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and LTE, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, and security challenges. The report concludes by addressing the threats and challenges associated with wireless networks, such as data security, cyber-attacks, and reduced data speeds. It references multiple sources to support its analysis of these technologies.

Wireless networks

Contents
Part A...........................................................................................................................................................2
Types of Antenna.........................................................................................................................................2
Yagi-Uda Antenna....................................................................................................................................2
Strength...............................................................................................................................................2
Weakness............................................................................................................................................2
Horn antenna..........................................................................................................................................2
Strength...............................................................................................................................................3
Weakness............................................................................................................................................3
Cellular Antenna......................................................................................................................................3
Strength...............................................................................................................................................3
Weakness............................................................................................................................................3
Part B...........................................................................................................................................................4
Types of wireless network protocols...........................................................................................................4
Bluetooth.................................................................................................................................................4
Strength...............................................................................................................................................4
Weakness............................................................................................................................................4
Wi-Fi........................................................................................................................................................4
Strength...............................................................................................................................................5
Weakness............................................................................................................................................5
LTE...........................................................................................................................................................5
Strength...............................................................................................................................................5
Weakness............................................................................................................................................5
Threats and challenges............................................................................................................................5
References...................................................................................................................................................7

Part A
Types of Antenna
There are numerous 8sorts of antenna developed in a communication system, for
example, yagi-uda, horn, and cellular antenna.
Yagi-Uda Antenna
Yagi-Uda radio wire is otherwise called a yagi-uda RF reception apparatus and it is
kind of receiving wire which is utilized where the large scope of improvement and
directivity are required. There are many authors researched in this antenna and they
estimated that this type of antenna cannot be used for long-distance communication. There
are main three parts of this, for example, reflector, driven and director. All these three
elements are placed on certain distance and reflector is used to receive reflected radio
frequency waves.
Strength
 Large flexibility
 Simple process
 Large gain
 High-frequency response
Weakness
 Low bandwidth
 Increased noise and other distortion losses
 This antenna depends on the weather situation (Han, & Liao, 2014).

Horn antenna
The principal horn radio wire was created in the 1897 and it is an advanced receiving wire
whose outline resembles a horn. This type of antenna can be utilized for long remoteness
announcement and it is large in size and shape. The design of this antenna is like horn and
it is designed to improve the frequency response of communication. It improved the signal
to noise ratio of incident radio frequency signals (Han, & Liao, 2014).
Strength
 High matching impedance
 high directivity
 Required small lobes
 Reduced standing waves ratio (Han, & Liao, 2014).
Weakness
 High flare angle
 Complex to implement and design
 Small data speed
Cellular Antenna
Cell radio wire is a standout amongst other receiving wires which are normally utilized in
cell phones. It is likewise called a phone radio wire that gives high gain and increased flag
at the collector (Han, & Liao, 2014). In this modern generation, many people use
smartphones by which they want long distance communication so organizations developed
this antenna in mobiles and other peripheral devices. it is observed that it can improve the
speed of transmitted signals and people can avoid the problem of distortion (Han, & Liao,
2014).
Strength
 High capacity
 Reduced noise and interference
 Large frequency range
 Low power consumption system
 More accurate

Weakness
 Required infrastructure system
 Required many hardware systems
 Complex to implement
Part B
Types of wireless network protocols
There are many kinds of wireless network protocols which are used in an information
system for example,
 Wi-Fi
 Bluetooth
 Zigbee (Han, & Liao, 2014).
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is the most established wireless communication system conventions that
can be utilized for communicating and accepting any information signals. It is a low power
utilization organize framework that can be utilized for little system gadgets, for example,
cell phones, and PC frameworks. Bluetooth can work at 2.4 GHz recurrence that is less as
opposed to Wi-Fi (Bouaziz, & Rachedi, 2016).
Strength
 Low power consumption device
 In this type of protocols radio frequency, waves can pass by walls
 People can transfer their information from any location
Weakness
 Less secure
 Reduced strength of the input waveforms
 Low bandwidth

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi means wireless fidelity which is a modern wireless network and it increased
data speed in a communication system. It is using in any organization to provide internet
connection to many peripheral devices. The main advantage of this protocol is it improved
gain of input signals by which people can receive proper information (Jiao, Zhang, Li, &
Mouftah, 2016).
Strength
 More flexible
 Improved internet speed
 High gain and directivity
Weakness
 More costly
 Complex to implement
 Low secure (Atapattu, & Evans, 2016).
LTE
LTE is a kind of cellular network which is defined as long-term evaluation and it is
the fourth cellular network generation for mobile communication. This is a very advanced
version of wireless networks and before this GPRS is used. Many mobile communities
updated their mobiles phones and developed this technology by which people can share
their data over long distance. This innovation changed the way of communication and
many users use this for communication purpose (Atapattu, & Evans, 2016).
Strength
 Large bandwidth
 Narrow beam width
 High data rate
 Can be used for long distance communication
Weakness
 Limited process

 Increased security risks
 More costly network (Atapattu, & Evans, 2016).
Threats and challenges
 People can lose their personal information’s
 Increased many cyber- attacks
 Reduced data speed through which people did not get proper input signals
 Many organizations can be reduced their security and they can lose their personal
files (Han, & Liao, 2014).

References
Atapattu, S., & Evans, J. (2016). Optimal Energy Harvesting Protocols for Wireless Relay
Networks. IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications, 15(8), 5789-5803.
Bouaziz, M., & Rachedi, A. (2016). A survey on mobility management protocols in Wireless
Sensor Networks based on 6LoWPAN technology. Computer Communications, 74, 3-
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Caldarola, M., Albella, P., Cortés, E., Rahmani, M., Roschuk, T., Grinblat, G., ... & Maier, S. A.
(2015). Non-plasmonic nanoantennas for surface enhanced spectroscopies with
ultra-low heat conversion. Nature Communications, 6, 7915.
Han, T. Y., & Liao, Y. J. (2014). A frequency reconfigurable half annular ring slot antenna
design. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 62(6), 3428-3431.
Jiao, Z., Zhang, B., Li, C., & Mouftah, H. T. (2016). Backpressure-based routing and
scheduling protocols for wireless multihop networks: A survey. IEEE Wireless
Communications, 23(1), 102-110.
Mukherjee, S., Biswas, A., & Srivastava, K. V. (2014). Broadband substrate integrated
waveguide cavity-backed bow-tie slot antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless
Propagation Letters, 13, 1152-1155.