This section of study is imperative in selecting the suitable tools and technique in collecting favorable data towards the research matter named as philosophies, approaches, strategies, information gathering technique, data evaluation technique, sampling method, ethical consideration, and research limitations.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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Table of Contents Chapter 3: Research Methodology............................................................................................3 Introduction...........................................................................................................................3 The rationale for the chosen method of research..................................................................3 Research Philosophy.............................................................................................................4 Research Approach................................................................................................................5 Units ofAnalysis...................................................................................................................5 Sampling Method..................................................................................................................6 Industry and Position of Chosen Sample..............................................................................6 Data Collection Tool.............................................................................................................7 Research Question and Interview Question Mapping.................................................8 Data collection.......................................................................................................................9 Data Analysis......................................................................................................................11 Data Validity andReliability...............................................................................................11 Research Limitations...........................................................................................................12 Ethical Consideration..........................................................................................................13 References...............................................................................................................................15
Chapter 3: Research Methodology Introduction This section of study is imperative in selecting the suitable tools and technique in collecting favorable data towards the research matter named as philosophies, approaches, strategies, informationgatheringtechnique,dataevaluationtechnique,samplingmethod,ethical consideration, and research limitations. These tools have been vital in attainment data towards study matter. The researcher will critically evaluate such factors before implying it in the study(Jamshed, 2014).It will lead to increase the possibility to obtain positive responses in favor of the study issue. The rationale for the chosen method of research In this study, the qualitative, as well as exploratory method, has been practiced by a study to gather information with respect to the research issue. An exploratory method is effective at the time of collecting the new phenomenon towards the research matter. This kind of data could require initial questions and new perception towards specified research dilemma. It can be imperative in meeting aim of study effectively(Smith, 2015).Moreover, the qualitative method facilitates to use of a method that does not consider the numerical measurement tool. This tool can be vital in getting data about the research concern. It is stated that the qualitative design a tool that is generally used in the research is subjective in nature and requires subjective data. The key goal of this learning is to address new behaviors in which research will be conducted. This tool will also assist investigator for increasing depth understanding about the factors that will be effective in the study. It will also support to develop theory in the context of the research matter(McCusker & Gunaydin, 2015).Furthermore, it is examined that the qualitative method is more effective as it secures the cost and time of the researcher to collect reliable information about the research dilemma. Moreover, there are many tools which can consider by investigator to get the data with the favor of research issue as it can be known as the articles, books, journals, online sources, and academic articles. This method will assist the researcher to get the conceptual data from the different authors, which will lead to obtain higher result. It is illustrated that
this method will be less expensive as compared to other method and more reliable hence this method has been preferred as compared to other methods. This study will consider semi-structured interview method to conduct study. The interview will be collected by directly meet with the research participants. It will lead to get the favorable outcome about the research matter(Mukhopadhyay & Gupta, 2014). Research Philosophy Research philosophy develops knowledge and consideration of investigator towards the research issues. Selection of appropriate research philosophy leads the research scholar to determine the tools of evaluating, collecting and utilizing the process of research. There is a different part of research philosophy which are used in research study named as positivism, realism philosophy, as well as interpretivism philosophy(Litosseliti, 2018).Realism research philosophy relied on the actual situation and perception of human that are surviving in the environment.Apartfromthis,thepositivismresearchphilosophycreatesconceptual knowledge as per the pooled statistical data and information. In order to this, interpretivism research philosophy facilitated the research scholar to comprehend detailed understanding related to research issues. In such a way, research scholar pools views and beliefs of research participantsabouttheleadershipandsustainability.Positivismresearchphilosophyis practiced by the investigator to perform this research as a hypothesis is needed to be developed for this investigation(af WÃ¥hlberg, 2017). Under this research philosophy, as per generalization developed hypothesis is proved and then the result is evaluated as this philosophy provides highly organized methodology. It also enablestheresearchscholartomakeafeasibleconclusionalongwiththedetailed information about leadership and sustainability. In opposed to this, interpretivism and realismbothresearchphilosophieswouldnotbeusedbyinvestigatorasitpermits investigator to analyze beliefs and views of research participants and conduct the study effectively. In addition, it is evaluated that the researcher has not given more priority to other methods(Anney, 2014).
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Research Approach In this research study, a suitable selection of research approach is a prominent tool as it authenticates the selected research design and method. Research approach also leads the investigator to illustrate the data in a systematic way.It considers certain types which are deductive research approach as well as inductive research approach that supports the research scholar to justify the execution of a particular data collection technique and data analysis tool for investigation.Hence, it is effective for research scholar to attain detailed knowledge and practices with respect to these tools in research(Dumay & Cai, 2015).The deductive research approach is significant because it offers favorable result with positivism research philosophy whereas, the inductive research approach is feasible when it used with the interpretivism research philosophy. Hence, deductive research is utilized by the researcher to make the hypothesis related to research issues through practicing various theories. On the other hand, inductive research approach demonstrates the resilience as hypothesis towards the research concern is not required for this approach. Investigator has use deductive research approach as this approach is more suitable for this dissertation and leads the investigator to comprehend their knowledge with respect to research issues. Along with this, it also assists the Investigator to enhance trustworthiness and authenticity of study result. Further, this approach is significant for making the relevant hypothesis to collect the responses in the favor of research questions. Apart from this, research scholar has not used inductive research approach named as theories development related to research concern, is not required for this research study(Brannen, 2017). Units ofAnalysis From the evaluation of data, it was identified that perception of views and opinion of participatesthatincludedthedirectors,seniormanagers,aswellasmanagement consultants. These key people could be effective for completing their accountabilities to meet purpose of research. It is founded that the researcher could consider such people for meeting aim of study.
Sampling Method The sampling method can facilitate the discoverers to select a reliable size of sample as it facilitates for conducting the research and accomplish the research study. The sampling method could entail two kinds of tools that are considered by the researcher to get the information as it could be known as probability as well as non-probability sampling tool. These tools will allow the researcher to getting the data towards the study matter. The key purpose of the study is to collect valid and reliable data hence the non-probability sampling. This method could assist to discoverers for choosing appropriate sample size by entailing convince sampling technique in which the research candidates have been selected by entailing certain elements named as age, education, gender, experience, and other factors. It will affect the overall outcome. For the application of this method, the discoverors of this study will be capable to get positive responses towards research outcome. It is stated that the sampling method could also allow to research candidates to get accurate data that is associated with the study matter. This study will be conducted on 19 employees of the differentorganizationforgettingthethoughtsofresearchertowardsleadershipand sustanability. It is evaluated that researcher would be capable to get effective information due to selecting suitable research participants(Abdulghani, et al., 2014). Industry and Position of Chosen Sample IndustryPositionsNumber of Respondents Consulting Chairperson1 Owner/Director/CEO5 Human Resource Manager1 Partner2 Education Professor1 Director1 Associate Director1 RetailOwner/ Managing Director1
ITGeneral Manager1 MiningExecutive Vice President1 Constructi on Director1 Oil & GasGeneral Manager of HR1 FinanceCEO1 Global Head of HR1 Total19 Data CollectionTool This tool is vital method to conduct the exploratory study as it could be possible by considering the academic tool, literature review, and other existing sources. It will lead to getting a positive result with the favor of the research dilemma. It is one of imperative tool that could assist in reaching at the accurate conclusion. It is most imperative tool to effectively performed the study and complete the aim of the study. For gathering depth data of research, the researcher has used the semi-structured interview as well as face to face interview tool, which will facilitate to obtain the data in the context of the research matter. The researcher has been considered the employees, management consultant, and CEO of the organization as it allows to get the accurate data towards the study matter(Abdulghani, et al., 2014).The depth interview could be quite a time consuming but effective for getting a higher outcome. It is examined that the researcher has also used an interview method in this convenientlocation has been preferred to collect the data as it could save the time of research participants. It is stated that the researcher will send all instruction about the questionnaire by considering the email method for accurate data towards the research. For conducting the research, the literature review method has been also practiced by researcher to get conceptual data towards the research matter. This tool will also be imperative as compared to other methods(Tuck & McKenzie, 2014).
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Research Question and Interview Question Mapping Research Questions from Chapter 3 Interview Questions Research Question 1:Phase 1: Theaimofthisphaseisto determinethemostvolatile challenges that a milling firm may encounter. 1.Inyouropinionwhataretheprocessesthat constrain innovation in your company/department especially focusing on the Leagile environment? 2.What is your understanding of the terms: Lean Manufacturing and Agility? 3.Canyoudescribesomeofthemodernday challenges a milling firm may encounter on a daily basis? 4.Howwouldadoptingtheso-calledLeagile methodologyovercomethesemodernday challenges a company faces on a daily basis? And Why? Research Question 2: Theaimofthisphaseisto determinetheexternal challengesimpactingonthe sustainability of a milling firm. 5.If you look at your organization as of today. How effective is your business in expecting changes from an external customer base? For Example Fluctuationsinrawmaterialsprices,markets, governmental requirements, human capital needs, cash flow, and customers’ requirements. 6.Changesoccurnowonadailybasis.How prepared is the company/department in dealing with these demands? 7.What would the external challenges be for the organization that strives to become Agile? 8.Whatexternalchallengeswillyouface implementing a lean approach with sustainability
in mind? Research Question 3: Theaimofthisphaseisto exploretheinternal opportunities created by Leagile methodologywithina milling firm. 9.What would be the most significant benefits be for a Leagile organization? 10.What would the internal challenges be for the organization that strives to become Agile, with lean practices methodology already in place? 11.Do you think that if internal challenges are dealt with correctly, your business can be sustainable for the future and why? 12.Company culture is an important part of a Leagile organization. Do you agree with this statement and why? Data collection In the study of research, collection of the information is essential for researcher for the accurate as well as reliable information. For collecting the information, the researcher generally selects either primary or secondary method. An investigator has chosen the primary data gathering method, which include survey, interview method, focus group and many others(Quinlan, et al., 2019). The method that has been selected by the researcher includes the interview from the different participants. Theinformation gathering is done by scholar in format of semi-structured, open-ended, face-to-face and in-depth interview of only 20 expertsthatmajorlyincludeCEO,executives,directors,seniormanagersaswellas management consultants of the company. All these members become formed part of the selected sample(Beckman, 2014). The design of the sample remains simple so that the researcher can ensure that they have developed the open dialogue and the conversation that has taken place related to the
concerned subject of the research. This allows them to address or acknowledge the issues that are required to determine. In addition, the need for the derived question being centered on the different predetermined themes of the research(Sekaran & Bougie, 2016). In the research, the researcher has formed the interview questions keeping the base directly from the questions ofinvestigation that are set out in report and the appendix present the interview question. The nature of the questions is complicated as well as the purpose of these questions is a semi-structured approach. It has been found that effect on the skills on the interviewers might create an impact on the results of a qualitative examination(Taylor, et al., 2015). The interviewer maintains the questionnaire adequately so that they can ensure the required level of the skills in interviewing that has been formed and used at the time of interview. The interview that has been conducted begins with the formal introduction and with the brief explanation of the research concern and throws the understanding of the context in which the concept of accountability can be elucidated. In addition to this, the interviewer asks an open- ended question from participates so that they remain free to share their personal perceptions as well as opinions on the present experiences. The participants are motivated to answer the question without any pressure as this helps them to support the nature of research(Bryman, 2016). In addition, interviewer ensures that they manage the accuracy in research due to which they have hand-written notes at time of interview. In the procedure of data collection, interviewer is willing to determine all the key themes and new insight from participants. Once interview has been showed by investigator they analyze data after this purposeful conversation in which the responses are accepted from participants. The researcher continued until and unless there was the point of the data saturation and there was no scope of any new data from the interviewee(Sekaran & Bougie, 2016). The interview is taken place to get the final thoughts from the participants to determine the opportunity for asking any additional question. Prior to the duration of the commencing the data collection, an investigation is conducted where the two pre-interviews are conducted with the motive to test the guideline related to the interview and techniques implemented by the interviewer. Further, the researcher is left
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with the opportunity to review any sort of issues and limitations that are identified so that improvement can be done if it is required. The researcher has conducted the interview in the manner like actual interview used to take place so that they can collect the reliable results that are essential to prove the research. Data Analysis The evaluation of the data could be associated with the determination of the common issues as well as perception which could emerge to gathered data by entailing the interview tool. It is also evaluated that the data evaluation tool will be effective in evaluating the collected data and make favorable information. Further, investigator has been using the thematic data analysis method as it facilitates to evaluate the non-numerical data of the study. This method facilitates researcher to deeply evaluate the themes that will be considered in the study and support to make to complete the study. It is evaluated that data is evaluated for in meeting the aim of study(Patten & Newhart, 2017).It is illustrated that data gathering technique tool also facilitates to get accurate data in favor of the research matter. This method has been also enabled to comprehend the opinion as well as views of participants in oppose to research. The information has been based on the other researcher study. It could be effective for saving time as well as the cost of the firm. Apart from this, it is stated that the thematic analysis tool is practiced determining and evaluate the themes of the qualitative data. In this study, the research has practiced this process for evaluating information and make reliable decision with the favor of study. It is evaluated that Phases of Thematic Analysis could facilitate to meet the study task. Each face to face interview has been taken approximate 4 hours to examine information as well as accomplish the research aim(King & Mackey, 2016). Data Validity andReliability In the study, there are two factors that might be effective for measuring the collected data and supports to get the data. It is stated that the reliability tests for measuring the accuracy of the survey through questionnaire while validity tool is effective to comprehend the consistency of the data. It would offer a path by which the investigator will get a positive
result. ResearchLimitations The research biases could affect the overall outcome of the study. In this study, there are many reasons that might be affected by overall productivity of research.It is stated that if the interview has a lack of interview conducting skills then it could affect overall outcome of study(Barnham, 2015).It is illustrated that the sample size could not be thus it can be evaluated that the researcher could decline the number of the participants as it relies on the subjective concern hence the researcher will be capable to select only top management people and get their responses towards research issue(Hyett, et al., 2014).It is also examined that the specified area for conducting the study will restrict the researcher for getting a favorable result towards study. It is evaluated that the generalization of data could create a problem for the researcher to get an accurate result about research dilemma(Lushey & Munro, 2015).Various research limitations create difficulty in accomplishing the research study that is described as below: Time constraint Research scholar has a short time duration for performing the cross-sectional study because the investigator has to take classes and accomplish almost 2-to 3 assignment along with the research study. This factor also exhibits that research scholar has spent more time for pooling the data with respect to the research study (Bell, et al., 2017). Fund Fund constraint is a major research limitation that restricts the researcher for conducting the research study. As the investigator belongs from the low-income group family so that they don’t have sufficient money for traveling expenditure in various areas of the country. Along with this, it also restricts the researcher to perform the online monkey survey for getting the opinion from at least a hundred research participants in the context of the research dilemma (Hickson, 2016). Ethnocentrism
As the researcher does not belong from the same country hence it could also be a major issue for the investigator to get the respond of citizens of that nation. Since some of the research candidates do not feel comfortable with the outside person for sharing their personal information. Along with this, some research participants feel insecure when the researcher shows their rude behavior or uncultured practices(Baltes, et al., 2014). Ethical Consideration The ethical consideration is a way by which an individual will be capable to conduct the study in a systematic manner. With respect to this, the investigator will use an effective tool to avoid ethical issues from the research study. The investigator has used the guidelines of University along with securing the confidentiality of the participants(Cairney & St Denny, 2015).It will support to make accurate information. By the implication of ethical norms, the investigator would be able to conduct suitable behavior with the participants. It will also be mandated to investigator in assuring to research participants that data will not be shared by others as it will be imperative in making the transparent relationship between candidates and researcher. The ethical norms could the best way to get suitable data in the context of research matter. It is also shredded that the investigator has confronted the many ethical corners as it is associated with manipulation, copyright act breaches, and plagiarism(Kamil, et al., 2016).These factors might affect to the overall outcome of the study. The ethical issues could be eliminated if the researcher has practiced the suitable guideline and ethical norms and get the reliable information towards the researcher. The investigator has use journal articles, books, and other sources as it might be used by the investigator to get the information. The researcher has practiced such tools to meet the study aim effectively. Moreover, it is evaluated that the investigator will eliminate ethical issue by avoiding the data manipulation process as well as plagiarism. The researcher should use ethical norms, which will facilitate to them in collecting reliable information towards the leadership and sustainability (Azhdarzadeh, et al., 2015).
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