A36457 Management and Operation
Added on 2020-01-28
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A36457_MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONUniversityUNIT 4: MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONNameIDUnite TitleCode NumberLecturer’s namePage 1 of 16
A36457_MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONTable of ContentsTask 1...............................................................................................................................................3Overview of the M& S Ltd and management structure...................................................................3Difference between the role of a leader and a manager to differentiate leadership andmanagement.....................................................................................................................................3Evaluating the role of leadership and management in different organizational situations..............5Applying the contemporary management theory for improving the growth and sustainability......6Conclusion and recommendation....................................................................................................7Task 2...............................................................................................................................................8Operations of M& S Ltd..................................................................................................................8Assessing the role of managers in key operational functions..........................................................9Explaining the key operational approaches to operation management.........................................10Evaluating the impact of external business environmental factors over decision-making processof managers and leaders.................................................................................................................12Improvement in operational efficiencies through applying relevant leadership and managementapproaches.....................................................................................................................................13Conclusion and recommendation..................................................................................................13Reference List................................................................................................................................15Page 2 of 16
A36457_MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONTask 1Overview of the M& S Ltd and management structureM&S Ltd is one of the largest retailers in United Kingdom established in 1884. With the globalpresence, M&S is specialised in Home, luxury food and Clothing product. Due to the widercustomer reach, the total profit of M&S was calculated around £481.6millions in the year 2015along with Operating income of £762.4 million and revenue of £10.4 billion. M&S believes in following the flat organisational hierarchy or structure since this kind ofstructure holds limited management levels between the front line staffs and administrativebodies. The reason behind following this type of organisational structure is to increase theinvolvement of front line employees in the organisational decision making process. As per theviewpoint of Silver (2013), following the flat organisational structure provides better frameworkfor the management to decrease the bureaucracy and strengthening employee’s skill in makingeffective decisions in critical situations. The flat structure has a shape of pyramid but unlike thetraditional structure, it is flatter and broader thus, less management level exists between top-bottom of the pyramid. Through employing over 3000 staffs in head office (London), M&Sfocus at making them specialist in their own field. Difference between the role of a leader and a manager to differentiateleadership and managementManagers: managers are referred to the person in a company responsible for designing andmanaging the work for achieving the pre-determined aims and objective for the company. Asopined by Stevenson and Sum (2012), in order to successfully accomplishing the organisationalgoal, managers are responsible in developing the relevant and efficient business policies, plansand strategies with indulging each staffs to focus on the aim while performing the respectivetask. Leaders: as per the viewpoint of Urban (2011), leaders are responsible for motivating the staffsbehind the organisational goal and objective and accomplishing the task successfully. They alsoPage 3 of 16
A36457_MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONplay crucial role in encouraging the morale of an employee through effective communication andleadership skills. However, a leader might not be a manager but they are built by their motivatingskill and holds special place for his/her staffs. Moreover, they coordinate with the managers inaccomplishing the business strategy through affecting a larger group of employees. Differentiating the role of a leader and a managerThe role of leader and manager are often considered as an interchangeable, but the crucialdifferences between their roles come up with similar task accomplishment as to get employeeswork in and for the company. As per the opinion of von Solms (2014), managers are responsiblefor setting the goal considering mission and vision of a company, while leaders are responsiblefor further communication of vision to employees and inspire them so that employees can ownthe vision of company and follows the path decided by the leader. ManagersLeadersManager sets objective of company along withcommunication of policies to leaders. Theydirect the group with creating innovative ideafor better development of the company.Manager focuses on things and according tothe situation plans the important changes forthe organisation. They are less involved indirect communication with each staffs andregulate as a single point of plan. They gatherreport and information about present and futurechanges due to any new policyimplementation. Leader persuades objective developed bymanagers. Employees are motivated andinfluenced in order to work as per the policy ofthe organisation. They also provide direction tothe team and play the role to implement thoseideas into the reality. Leader focuses on peoplerather than things and according toorganisational policies, strategies and plansinspire their employees to get the work done ontime. Table No. 1: Difference between management and leadership(Source: Johnston and Marshall, 2016)Page 4 of 16
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