Assessment of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Response During Aerobic Exercises

Assessment of Cardiovascular and Respiratory response during aerobic exercises
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Abstract
Aerobic activity has the ability to produce a significant effect on the cardiovascular and
respiratory responses. The investigation into the various phases of exercise shows a varied
activity of the chest and electro cadium waves displayed. Aerobic exercise entails intake and
exhalation of oxygen from the body, hence signifying various wave patterns. This study
displayed various activity forms of electro cadium activity and cardiovascular and respiratory
processes.
Introduction
Response to physiological processes often depends on the intensity, duration and the exercise
frequency coupled with environment presence. During exercise engagement, the needs of
oxygen tend to rise and the skeletal substrate increase, with the removal of metabolites and
carbon dioxide. The resulting mechanical and thermal effects alter metabolic, ventilator and
cardiovascular functions so as to meet the increased demands1. Physical exercise elevation is
associated with an increase in the metabolic activity of the cardiovascular system in order to
accommodate the resulting cardiac output. In this process, various mechanisms take center
stage. These include heart rate, vascular vasodilation, ventilation functions, contractility of
the heart and venous return.
Participation and engagement of physical exercise are often central and peripheral to
cardiovascular adaptations which enable the generation of large and sustained cardiac output.
Increase in cardiac output is key to generate stroke output. The cardiovascular system change
during exercise has an effect on the function of the skeletal muscles2. They increase the
requirement of substrate and oxygen requirements above resting requirements. Resting blood
flow linked to muscles is usually 2-4 mls/100 g ml/min is elevated to almost 100ml/100gof
muscle. The blood flow increase on the muscle and coroner, the cerebral blood is often
maintained with constant and splanchnic flow diminishing.3
1 Epstein, T., Xu, L., Gillies, R.J. and Gatenby, R.A., 2014. Separation of metabolic supply
and demand: aerobic glycolysis as a normal physiological response to fluctuating energetic
demands in the membrane. Cancer & Metabolism, 2(1), p.7.
2 Rivera-Brown, A.M. and Frontera, W.R., 2012. Principles of exercise physiology:
responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training. Pm&r, 4(11), pp.797-804.
3 Porcelli, S., Ramaglia, M., Bellistri, G., Pavei, G., Pugliese, L., Montorsi, M., Rasica, L.
and Marzorati, M., 2014. Aerobic fitness affects exercise performance responses to nitrate
supplementation.

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Increased blood flow of to the muscles requires an elevated cardiac output which is direct
proportion to the increase in oxygen consumption. The output of the cardiac is increased
through the heart rate stroke volume which is attributed to the emptying of the systolic
contraction.
Spirometry assessment is essential in measuring lung function ability. Forced Vital Capacity
–FVC and Forced Expiratory Capacity are essential aspects of exercise assessment. The long
duration of aerobic exercise improve the aerobic capacity and lead to good lung function. The
respiratory system ventilation increases during resting exercise. The resting value is 5-6 liters
per minute to about more than 100litres per minute. Ventilation process increases with an
increase in the work rate submaximal intensity level. An average resting oxygen intake is
about 250ml/min while in endurance exercise especially in athletes rises to 5000ml/min. The
elevated increase in the ventilation process of the pulmonary is linked to the increase of tidal
volume and respiratory rate which is linked to increased oxygen intake and output of oxygen.
Spirometry thus measures the volume moving out and into the respiratory system. It assessed
the mechanical function of the lungs, chest wall and respiratory muscles, it asses the total
lung capacity to the maximal expiration4.
Ventilation process increases initially on the exercise level then followed on a gradual
increase. The elevated level of ventilation at the onset of exercise affects various activities.
The mechanism affects the arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide which are not abnormal to
stimulate respiration during exercise. Studies have indicated that the sensitivity of peripheral
chemoreceptors with respect to oscillations of Pao2 and Paco2 are linked to increased
ventilation while the absolute values remain. The central chemoreceptors are thus adjusted to
increase the ventilation level. Other explanations have been offered on the link of body
temperature role through the neurogenic impulses arising from motor cortex to location of
active muscles and joints stimulating brain stem and respiratory center.5
ECG tests refer to the standards used in the measurement of heart condition and abnormalities
associated. The tests show causing the display on the screen. Abnormal tests subject is in
4 Dwyer, D.J., Belenky, P.A., Yang, J.H., MacDonald, I.C., Martell, J.D., Takahashi, N.,
Chan, C.T., Lobritz, M.A., Braff, D., Schwarz, E.G. and Jonathan, D.Y., 2014. Antibiotics
induce redox-related physiological alterations as part of their lethality. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 111(20), pp.E2100-E2109.
5 Rivera-Brown, A.M. and Frontera, W.R., 2012. Principles of exercise physiology:
responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training. Pm&r, 4(11), pp.797-804.

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producing an increase in heart arteries and blood pressure. ECG has been useful; in assessing
Ischemic in assessing prognostic signs. In ischemic ST-segment produces wave plateau
which slopes downwards. The flat depression is more than 0.1 mV which can persist in
longer times. Thus basically ECG expresses the visual representation of electrical activity
taking place on the heart. The construction and the pulse are stimulated with a natural signal
which is assessed using an ECG tests system. Exercise levels have shown an effect on the
ECG assessment levels.6
Measurement of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate during exercise has shown a positive
association. Heart rate increases the rate action during exercise especially due to cordial vagal
action initiation which is increases over time. The relationship of a rise in heart rate and
blood pressure increase is not plausible. Blood vessels get dilated to allow more blood to flow
and move easily. During the exercise, the heart rate speeds up more blood to reach the
muscles. Heart rate increases over time during physical exercise. The higher interest in
exercise increases the heart rate more.7
With this overview, assessment of the physiological process underlying aerobic exercise is
essential. The key aspects entailing cardiovascular, respiratory and cardiac output levels are
enduring exercise activity. This study aims at investigating the response activities of
respiratory, cardiovascular and ventilator engagement during aerobic exercises.
Materials and methods
This assessment focuses on a female subject aged 25 years, with 58.6 kg and a height of 1.67
m. The heart rate monitor entails death rate of 68beats per minute, systolic pressure is 116mm
Hg while the diastolic pressure is 73mm Hg.
Respiratory and cardiovascular physiology
In the assessment of respiratory and cardiovascular parameters, the following materials were
useful; spirometry, vitalograph, ECG lab chart, heart rate, and blood pressure digital monitors
and Douglas bag to measure expired air.
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7 Molmen-Hansen, H.E., Stolen, T., Tjonna, A.E., Aamot, I.L., Ekeberg, I.S., Tyldum, G.A.,
Wisloff, U., Ingul, C.B. and Stoylen, A., 2012. Aerobic interval training reduces blood
pressure and improves myocardial function in hypertensive patients. European journal of
preventive cardiology, 19(2), pp.151-160.