Roles and Characteristics of Leaders and Managers in Business Operations

This document discusses the different roles and characteristics of leaders and managers in business operations. It explores the application of these roles and functions in different situations and discusses various theories and models of leadership. It also highlights the importance of management operations in achieving organizational objectives.

BUSINESS
AND
OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
P1 Different roles and characteristics of leader and manager ....................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2 Application of role and functions of leader and manager in different situations...................5
P3 Different theories and models of approach related to leadership..........................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Approaches to management operations and role of mangers and leaders.............................8
P5 Importance of management operation in achieving organisational objectives......................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P6 Impact of internal and external factors on management operations and decision making
of managers and leaders............................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES...................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
There are different types of operations which are carried out by managers of different
organisation in order to develop skills and knowledge of employees who are working in
organisation. Manager put their effort in performing various types of functions such as
planning, controlling, organising, supervising, and other various types of function which are
concerned with different types of operations (Bahadur, and Ward, Juniper Networks Inc,
2014). Mark and Spencer is one of the most reputed company in retailing sector. It deals with
selling of different types of branded clothes and luxurious consumer food items.
In present era , the report says that the manager play an essential roles
in order to improve the performance of employees by applying different approaches of
theories and different models also includes the approaches of situational leadership, and
contingencies theories are explained. These key approaches have their own importance
because they give impact on the business environment which aids to perform various
operational management and decision which are taken by different leaders are describe
below.
TASK 1
P1 Different roles and characteristics of leader and manager
There are different roles and course of actions which are performed by mangers and
leaders in organisation. The main aim in order to perform these roles to perform various kind
of operations such as supervision, organising, controlling, planning and various functions.
These efforts aids to remove the various issues which are raised during perform different
types of functions at workplace (Chandolu, and et. al., International Business Machines Corp,
2011). In order to accomplish goals and objectives of company leader plays important role to
attain it. Leaders and manager of M&S put their effort in order to achieve objectives of
organisation by managing various function which are perform in effective manner. There are
different role of manager and leaders.
Essential roles of manger of M&S is explain below:

 Training to employees: It is responsibility of manger of M&S to analyses the real
performance of employee working in organisation by different level of comparisons.
In order to maintain consistency of performing working activities of different
operations processed at workplace. In order to develop skills and knowledge of
employees manager of M&S should conduct different training sessions in order to
increase effectiveness in their work performance for accomplishment of assigned task.
 Supervision and controlling: In order to supervise different works which are
performed by employees of M&S, it is responsibility of manger to give proper
guidance to them (Chu, Tsai,. and Li, F., Quanta Computer Inc, 2017).Manger should
motivate their employees to put their best effort at workplace in order to accomplish
the assigned task in stipulated timeframe.. it is duty of manager to encourage their
employees to achieve the goals and objective of organisation. It will aid to improve
the work performance of employees and also maintain healthy relationship with their
co workers who support them during execution of different operations.
 Team building: The main responsibility of leader is to remove conflicts which are
raised between different employees. It help to perform work performances in effective
manners. It helps to build a good team in organisation in order to accomplished task in
stipulated time frame.
Characteristics of leaders:
There are different manager and leaders who are working in M&S, they put their efforts
in making their team effective in order to accomplish the assign task given by company. They
possess different characteristics which are given below:
 Confidence: It is quality of manager and leader to have a confidence, so that
employees working in organisation can be easily motivated. It help in solve the
various issues arises at workplace.
 Positive attitude: When harsh situation arises in organisation the manger and leaders
have positive attitude in order to overcome from that harsh situation. Positive attitude
aids to establish effective environment at workplace.
 Innovative: In order to complete task in stipulated time frame it is responsibility of
leaders and managers to implement new and innovative processes of operations. It
help in reduce wastage at workplace. It aids to enhance the productivity of
organisation.

TASK 2
P2 Application of role and functions of leader and manager in different situations
There are different functions which are perform by managers and leaders such as
planning, supervising, organising, controlling and many other functions performed at
workplace of organisations (Chun-ying, Z.H.A.N.G., 2012)..The main objective of manager
and leaders are provide facilities to employees working at workplace in order to achieve the
goals and objectives of organisation .Likewise, the role of leader is to maintain coordination
in team. It aids to develop skills and knowledge of employee working at workplace. These
responsibilities create opportunities to for leader to show their abilities to perform different
task. in order to manage the different condition which arises in organisation the management
of M&S clearly define roles and responsibility of manager and leaders. Need of these roles
and function are given below:
 Employee of organisation: Workers and co worker are real assets of
organisation because all operations of organisation are depend on them. In
order to enhance the profitability of organisation and grabbing large share in
marketplace, leaders play an essential role. The main responsibility of
manager is to hire new employees as per the requirement of organisations.
 Customers: There are various operations which are operate by employee of
M&S which are depend upon the demand of customers which play a
significant role to attain level of profits.
 Government: It is responsibility of manger to follow different types of
regulation which are issued by the government for smooth running of
business.
 Society: This is the most vital factor which impact working activities and
image of organisation. So it is responsibility of mangers to perform various
business activities as per the rules, regulation, norms and conviction of
society. Manager of organisation should mange all activities of operations in
very relevant manner so that sentiment and environment of society could not
be hurt.

P3 Different theories and models of approach related to leadership
In order to motivate and convince employees working at workplace the leaders and
manager take help of different theories there are two different type of leaders are present in
company like democratic and laissez-fair. Implementation of these theory by the mangers and
leaders of M&S in order to develop the working activities of employees working at
workplace. it also aids to create opportunity to enhance the quality of different business
functions of organisations (Fan, Z.H.A.N.G., 2015). These theories helps enhance the skills
and knowledge of various members of teams and also build healthy relationship between
employee. The different leaderships theories that are used by M&S is given below:
 Situational theory: This theory is also termed as contingency theory of
leadership according to this theory the leader possesses skills in order to
manage various functions of organisation as per the requirement of situation in
organisation. This is concerned about the capability of leader in order to
understand the needs of facilities during working at workplace. This give the
ways to perform assigned in effective manner. This theory is flexible which
works on requirement of situation in organisation. Leader and managers of
M&S implement this style for future growth of company.
 System leadership theory: Leader and managers of M&S use this theory in
order to resolve the various issues which is faced during completion of work
processes at workplace. Manager and leader give satisfactory solution of
problems at workplace. this aids to motivate employees in order to perform their
wok in effective manner. the main objective of this theory is find the various
problems which give negative impact on the members of team allotted to
perform various task at workplace.
 Contingency Theory: This theory give proper path for leader and anger of
M&S in order to control course of action of employee and also help in decision
making. Micro and macro factors of organisation are responsible for the
different process of operation at workplace in organisation. The main objective
of this theory is concerned about the contingencies which is faced by
distributor, customer behaviour, suppliers and technological changes.
 Modern Theory of Management: Main objective of this theory is to develop
the skills and knowledge of employees working in organisation. In order to
attain effectiveness in work procedure of employee, manager of M&S

implement new techniques and methods at workplace. These techniques help
employees to develop their skills and knowledge about various operations
which perform at workplace. It also helps to build healthy relationship between
manager and working employee. This theory gives an effective atmosphere at
workplace for employee working at workplace which help in making good
coordination between them. It help in accomplishment of task in stipulated
timeframe. With the help of this theory organisation can stand before the rivals
present in marketplace by manufacturing of new and innovative products for its
loyal customer (Ganesan, and et. al., Intel Corp, 2014)
TASK 3
P4 Approaches to management operations and role of mangers and leaders
In order mange all activities which are involve in different operation he manager of
company different approaches which help to manage all activities in effective manner. This
approach are concerned with planning, organising, controlling, and many other approaches
which help to develop the performance of employees working in organisation (Guggino,
Rossi, and Hendricks, 2012).
. The manager of M&S uses different approaches in order to control of all activities of
operations. Organisation have various application which have various roles is given below:
 Planning: Planning is the process in which organisation make different strategies for
the future action. These strategies help to accomplish all activities in business in
stipulated time frame. It is responsibility of manager to develop such plan for
organisation which help in accomplish the goals and objectives of organisation in
future. Future plan are standards by which employees of organisation follow to
perform their duty in effective manner. This will give effective work environment at
workplace in organisation (Kanabar, Aguirre, Argandona, Rodrigues, and
Adamiak, General Electric Co, 2017).
 Managing: This factor is most important factor which help in accomplish the
various outcomes of organisations. The main role of manager and leaders of M&S is
manage all activities which occurs at workplace and give proper guidance to their
employees to perform their duties in systematic manner. It is duty of manger and

leader to manage all activities of operation and give proper guidance for completion
of task in effective manner..
 Coordinating: In order to accomplish all activities and functions of organisation in
effective manner there should be good coordination between employees and different
departments of organisation. Manager and leader plays a significant role in making
coordination between employees and different department who are involve in
performing different functions of organisation. Manager and leader aids to resolve the
various problem which are related to their working procedure of employee. By
removing various types of issues it aids to give smoothness in working process at
workplace. It is responsibility of leader to motivate their employees in order to
accomplish goals and objectives of organisation (Koizumi, and et. al 2012).
 Total quality management: To sustain a stable position in market and attract large
number of customer. Management of company should enhance the quality of products
in order to attract large number of customers. This will help company to establish a
sustainable brand image in marketplace. It is responsibility of manager to examine
quality of products and if some issues raised regarding quality then take initiatives to
solve issue of products. It is responsibility of manger is to check quality of products
at regular interval of time.
P5 Importance of management operation in achieving organisational objectives
For achieving goals and objectives of organisation, manager and leaders of M&S
implement new an effective plan which aids in maximise the level of profit of organisation.
Manager put their effort in implanting such plan to attain the desire outcome. There are
various operation which positively impact the organisation like market capture, branding,
increase productivity etc Li, Fu Tai Hua Ind (Shenzhen) Co Ltd and Hon Hai Precision
Industry Co Ltd, 2012).. All these functions of organisation help to explore the business in
different area in different part of world. There are various profit of effective management
operations which are given below:
 Profit maximisation: Manager and leaders of organisation accomplish all functions
in effective way then it aids to reduce the production cost of organisation. In order to
supervise al assigned task the management of organisation includes various
departments which help in accomplish the task in definite time period. These
department help to provide all resources which are involve in production process.
Management of organisation implement new and innovative technique which help

organisation to increase its productivity. It also aid to improve quality of different
products ((Li, and et. al, 2011).
 Customer satisfaction: The main objective of company to fulfil various desire of
customer and gain feedback from different customer. It is the responsibility of
manager of M&S determine the desire of customer. Manager of M&S implement
various reviews of customers which aids to improve quality of products. Manager of
organisation provide luxurious products which fulfil desire of customer.
 Brand image: Manager of organisation implement different strategies to build
sustainable brand in marketplace. It is responsibility of manager to provide better
quality of products and service. It help to make sustainable image and also consider
the taste of customers, rules and regulation imposed by government, enhance the
level of society and environment (Makos, 2017).It also build good relationship
between organisation and customers. It is most important factor which hep to increase
the level of profit of organisation.
 Improve standard quality: To maximise level of profit every organisation put their
effort to improve quality of products. as there is huge competition in market,
organisation should determine its rivals because these rivals tries to launch similar
products at low price this led to reduce the sales of different products (Mohan,
Rockstar Consortium Us Lp, 2013). So organisation need to change the pricing
strategies in order to enhance rate of sales (Smolentsev, V. P., and et.al, 2014).
 Minimizing the wastage: This is one of the most essential factor on which company
should concentrate to reduce the wastage while production of various
products .regarding this organisation should implement new and innovative
techniques which reduce the wastage and various issues which arises during
manufacturing process.
TASK 4
P6 Impact of internal and external factors on management operations and decision
making of managers and leaders
There are two types of factor which influence the environment of businesslike internal
factor and external factor. These factors influence the various functions of organisation which
give negative impact as well as positive impact on the performing different types of activities
of organisation. It is responsibility of manager to analyses the impacts internally and

externally which affect different types of operations performing at workplace. It is duty of
manager to implement some strategies which aids to solve the various issues which are raised
by both factors and also take benefits of both these factor which help in growth of business
firm. Internal factors are concerned on like shareholder of organisation, suppliers, creditors of
organisation (Stephen, and Dernovsek, Universal Lighting Technologies Inc, 2015).These
factors should be control by the management of organisation. The elements of external factor
are such as social, political, economical, technological and legal which affect the
environment externally. There is no control of management of organisation on these factor. It
affect the working efficiency of manager to take effective decision in order to develop the
organisation (Thomas, Hewlett-Packard Enterprise Development, 2017). So management of
organisation should take initiative and important steps which helps to reduce decrease the
effects of these external factors managers of M&S should make flexible plans in order to gain
effectiveness in various working operations. Impact of different internal factor which affect
the various operations at workplace of organisation are describe below:
 Customers: Customers are most essential factor for organisation because
organisation depend on their customer in order to increase the level of profit. M&S
organisation is the leading company which deals with selling of different types of
clothes and various food items. The demand and taste of customer change at regular
interval of time. So the management of organisation need to determine the taste and
desire of customer and launch different types of products and clothes as per
requirement made by is loyal customers
 Employee: This is the most essential part of organisation which helps organisation
to perform various types of function at workplace. So management should
determine the various issues of employee and resolve those issues in effective
manner.
 Suppliers: These are the factors which provide different types of resource which
help to produce different types of products. so the management should establish
healthy relationship with suppliers.
Impact of external factor on the management operations and decision making of
managers

These factors affect the environment of business externally. External factors are like
political, economical, social, legal technological which affect the working of organisation
externally. Impact of these factors are as follows:
 Political: This factor is concerned with the rules and regulation impose by
government. It affect the management to take effective decision-making.
 Economical: This factor concerned with proper flow of cash within organisation,
inflation etc. If an individual do not have good income then they will not able to
purchase products it give negative impact to the company.
 Social: this factor concerned with the age of different people, living standard,
consumer behaviour. It affect in effective decision making.
 Technological: This factors concerned about implementation of new and
innovative techniques in the organisation which enhance the performance of
organisation.
CONCLUSION
A per the mentioned report it has been assumed that managers and leaders are the two
personality who put their efforts in order to manage various types of activities in
organisation. They help their employee to accomplish assigned task in stipulated time period.
Leaders motivate their employee to perform their work in effective manner. it aids to attain
goals and objectives of organisation. Manager and leader play their important role to resolve
the various issues which are raised during performing various activities at workplace. These
are the two personality who manage all activities of organisation and also manage the
different activities of various department of organisation in order to provide better
environment to work in organisation.

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