Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Workforce

This collection of articles explores the impact of artificial intelligence on the workforce and the future of work. It discusses how AI is transforming decision-making and job opportunities. The articles provide different perspectives on the subject, highlighting both the potential benefits and concerns associated with AI in the workplace.

Running Head: BUSINESS ENVIROMENT 0
Business Environment

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 1
IMPACT OF ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE ON WORKFORCE
Mona Jarrahi, M. H. (2018). Artificial intelligence and the future of work: human-AI
symbiosis in organizational decision making. Business Horizons, 61(4), 577-586.
Jarrahi completed her education from Iran, pursued her masters from Stanford university and
was honoured with PECASE, considering the author’s psychology the artificial process has
penetrated thousands of running organization. Management of many companies are in fear of
losing their jobs after the intervention of artificial intelligence. Management of various
companies are assuming that smart machines will replace them soon because AI will have the
decision-making power. Right now, the pragmatic perspective is creating in this world for the
intervention of Artificial Intelligence because currently it has great information processing
capacity and analytical approach (Jarrahi, 2018).
However, after comparing “Toward understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on
labour” with this article it has been concluded that artificial intelligence will take over jobs of
the people and have the ability to make more sound decision. AI will create new era in
working culture which will entitle people with new job or working opportunities. Same
scenario was happening when ‘Personal Computers” were introduced, people feared of losing
their jobs but in current time computers are connecting the world which is generating major
job opportunities.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 2
Brynjolfsson, E., & Mitchell, T. (2017). What can machine learning do? Workforce
implications. Science, 358(6370), 1530-1534
Erik Brynjolfsson is the Professor in the MIT school of Management, and the Director of the
MIT centre for Digital Business, the author’s opinion on the article is that digital computers
have transformed each and every sector of today’s world. The beginning of artificial
intelligence is now taking the place because AI has the ability to show rapid results with
reliable accurate information. AI and machine language faces advances changes in the recent
time to empower the world. AI can recognize faces, ride a bike, learn new skills, can speak
different languages, etc. Human audience cannot perform multiple task with 100% accuracy
that’s why world is moving towards taking the advantage of AI.
However, after comparing this article with “Research ideas for artificial intelligence in
auditing”, author of this book is saying that automation in auditing process have enormous
benefits. Reports will be accurate and timely submission will be done (Brynjolfsson &
Mitchell, 2017). Currently, 20-30% of automation techniques are using in the auditing
process but this percentage should be at-least between 80-85%.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 3
Issa, H., Sun, T., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2016). Research ideas for artificial intelligence in
auditing: The formalization of audit and workforce supplementation. Journal of
Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 13(2), 1-20.
The authors of the article educated from The State University of New Jersey, Newark. As per
the view point of the author, after decade of frustrating process and time taking methods; the
world is welcoming the arrival of Artificial Intelligence. The process of workforce and
auditing files will also transform because AI have the massive and compelling benefits. Many
organizations and agencies showed their frustration towards automating the auditing or other
works. At the global level, automation process is heartily welcome by the audience because
of its great intelligence and enormous powers. Scientist have made sustainable progress in
achieving sustainability in this technology (Issa, Sun & Vasarhelyi, 2016)
However, after comparing this article with “What can machine learning do? Workforce
implications, 2017”. It has been observed that artificial intelligence can impact the power and
employment of existing workforce. According to the author, AI intelligence will bring new
era of jobs and various employment opportunities. People and government should not restrict
the entry of automation process. AI and machine language will resemblance traditionally
attribute also.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 4
Dimiduk, D. M., Holm, E. A., & Niezgoda, S. R. (2018). Perspectives on the impact of
machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence on materials, processes, and
structures engineering. Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation, 7(3), 157-
172.
Dennis Dimiduk is the research professor of Material Science Engineering in the Ohio State
University. The author here wants to convey that, with the emergence of the artificial
intelligence the expansion in the technology industry has developed quite rapidly leaving
huge impact on the society which was initiated 5 years back however these are found to be
less engaged with the actual practitioners comparative to the advancements that have been
launched. Apparently, the use of the technologies has not been optimum yet in terms of the
physical basis. Also the new tools are not used for engineering education to initiate with the
transformation in the engineering education. Also it is found that there are numerous
opportunities for the materials, processes and structures engineering to have the
transformational impacts on the engineering machine learning (Dimiduk, Holm & Niezgoda,
2018).
In comparison with the marketing business environment the use of artificial intelligence on a
technical basis is more in the engineering field than the commerce industry, the application of
artificial intelligence in commerce is more on a general basis as the target audience is
different in both the sectors. Due to the lack of the availability of relevant materials for the
machine learning implementation, the anticipated development could not turn into the
expected reality. Similarly, the artificial intelligence has marked its importance in the
business sector as well.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 5
Siau, K., & Wang, W. (2018). Building trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning,
and robotics. Cutter Business Technology Journal, 31(2), 47-53.
Professor Keng Siau is the Chair of department of BIT (Business and Information
technology) at Missouri University of Science and Technology. According to the author here,
the building of trust in artificial intelligence and machine learning is extremely crucial for the
development of the same as the building the trust is to make someone believe about
something that’s good otherwise it won’t considered so for the purpose of the same intention
by discussing the comparative study between the inter personal trust and the trust in
technology because the trust regarding the technology requires the evidences to make build
up that trust and to continue the same for a longer period with the intention to retain that in
long term duration (Siau & Wang, 2018).
In comparison with the marketing sector of the commerce industry the trust of artificial
intelligence is more towards the technical field. The evidences here actually means the
description of the technology to the users in concerned with the artificial intelligence to make
the audience believe that the needs can be fulfilled with application of the same. For the
fulfilment of the same there is a need to change the mind-set of the audience regarding the
same.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 6
Marinchak, C. L. M., Forrest, E., & Hoanca, B. (2018). The impact of artificial
intelligence and virtual personal assistants on marketing. In Encyclopedia of
Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition (pp. 5748-5756). IGI global.
The authors of the article is educated from University of Alaska Anchorage, according to the
author, the demand for the artificial intelligence has gradually grown since when it was first
brought into existence in 1956. With the development artificial intelligence around the world
for different purposes the need in the marketing sector has also now increased, the
amalgamation of various technologies has helped the artificial intelligence to come up with
this far. The artificial intelligence has assisted in many ways to the marketing sector audience
of the economy and eventually the development of technologies has led the way of doing
business to the next level and has contributed a lot to the technical sector. With the
enhancements in the technologies and collaboration of the different technologies the need of
artificial intelligence has grown in almost every sector of the economy (Marinchak, Forrest &
Hoanca, 2018).
In the similar way by comparing the same with the perspective of impact of machine tools in
engineering education the need of artificial intelligence has taken its place over there too and
now is marking its requirement in the market sector of the economy too.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 7
Koch, M. (2018). Artificial intelligence is becoming natural. Cell, 173(3), 533.
Marta Koch is the assistant professor in the department of Curriculum, Teaching, and
Learning and Director of school of learning offices, faculty of education in University of
Manitoba. According to the author’s opinion, with development of the technology along with
the society the use of artificial intelligence is now becoming more natural with the increase in
the use of the same. Every sector is however involved in some or the other way or are
involved in the same (Koch, 2018). Now a days the use of technology for performing every
little task has been a common thing and the human activities that were performed
traditionally are now being executed technologically with the emergence of the artificial
intelligence some of the common examples of the same include the application of siri, alexa,
and various other devices using artificial intelligence to differentiate their product from that
of the competitors and make a difference in the business world and this is the reason why it
has been considered natural and common among the economy and the society of the globe
and now has become a routine part of our lives.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 8
Frank, M. R., Autor, D., Bessen, J. E., Brynjolfsson, E., Cebrian, M., Deming, D. J., &
Wang, D. (2019). Toward understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on
labour. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(14), 6531-6539.
Morgan R. Frank is from the Media Laboratory in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
the author’s view point depicts the rapid advancement in artificial intelligence has the
potential to disrupt labour market because AI can augment the productivity of workers.
People will need to enhance their knowledge in order to work on automation process
effectively. The audience have insufficient knowledge on how to cognitive technology work.
Technology enhances the productivity but people are fearing that AI technology can resultant
in decreasing job opportunities. Rising automation will force the people to learn new skills
and this will resultant in enhancing the lifestyle of the general public (Frank, et. al., 2019).
As per the perspective of optimist, they suggest technology will substitute some type to
labour but will bring new job opportunities. Furthermore, people have to acquire skills and
adequate knowledge to work on machinery with artificial intelligence. AI intelligence will
definitely affect the jobs of many people but on the other hand it will create new era of job
opportunities.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 9
Primawati, S. (2018). The role of artificially intelligent robot in the hotel industry as a
service innovation. In Proceedings of ENTER2018 PhD Workshop (Vol. 42).
The author here conveys that the automation process will create the revolution in the service
industry. This article focuses on the importance of having artificial intelligence in the hotel
industry. Introduction of artificial intelligence will help the management of hotel industry to
provide ultimate experience to their customers. Hotels are focusing on creating better service
quality for their customer’s audience. In hotel, management can also create automating
check-in and check-out counters to reduce the efforts of their human resource. These counters
will help the guest in saving their valuable time. Customers only need to provide their
reservation number. Hotels are attempting to create an entire human free experience through
the optimum utilization of automation process. When the role of human resource will reduce
from hospitality industry then it will resultant in losing jobs for many people. Before
introduction automation process hotel industry need to find an alternative for the people who
can lose their earning opportunities (Primawati, 2018).

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 10
Wilson, H. J., Daugherty, P., & Bianzino, N. (2017). The jobs that artificial intelligence
will create. MIT Sloan Management Review, 58(4), 14.
Wilson build his career in the research and innovation at the Bain & Company. According to
the ideology of the author, the well-established threat that will eliminate a broad swath of
jobs across the world is now set. As the Artificial Intelligence (AI) system has become more
sophisticated than the earlier times along with the displacement which occurred in almost all
the dimensions, which can be a distressing picture, which is very apparently looked over.
Many new and implemented jobs will be created like those which are present in the society
today.
Comparatively, these roles are replacing the older ones though the older forms and techniques
are being replaced by a number of new jobs by the ethics compliance manager which requires
an advanced skill and highly specialized degrees. Therefore, an organization must address the
need of training the workforce for engaging no-collar roles and they must reimagine their
human resources for better attacking (Wilson, Daugherty & Bianzino, 2017).

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 11
References
Brynjolfsson, E., & Mitchell, T. (2017). What can machine learning do? Workforce
implications. Science, 358(6370), 1530-1534
Dimiduk, D. M., Holm, E. A., & Niezgoda, S. R. (2018). Perspectives on the impact of
machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence on materials, processes,
and structures engineering. Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation, 7(3),
157-172.
Frank, M. R., Autor, D., Bessen, J. E., Brynjolfsson, E., Cebrian, M., Deming, D. J., & Wang,
D. (2019). Toward understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on
labour. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(14), 6531-6539.
Issa, H., Sun, T., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2016). Research ideas for artificial intelligence in
auditing: The formalization of audit and workforce supplementation. Journal of
Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 13(2), 1-20.
Jarrahi, M. H. (2018). Artificial intelligence and the future of work: human-AI symbiosis in
organizational decision making. Business Horizons, 61(4), 577-586.
Koch, M. (2018). Artificial intelligence is becoming natural. Cell, 173(3), 533.
Marinchak, C. L. M., Forrest, E., & Hoanca, B. (2018). The impact of artificial intelligence
and virtual personal assistants on marketing. In Encyclopedia of Information Science
and Technology, Fourth Edition (pp. 5748-5756). IGI global.
Primawati, S. (2018). The role of artificially intelligent robot in the hotel industry as a service
innovation. In Proceedings of ENTER2018 PhD Workshop (Vol. 42).

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 12
Siau, K., & Wang, W. (2018). Building trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and
robotics. Cutter Business Technology Journal, 31(2), 47-53.
Wilson, H. J., Daugherty, P., & Bianzino, N. (2017). The jobs that artificial intelligence will
create. MIT Sloan Management Review, 58(4), 14.