Investigating the effect of Instagram on Small business Enterprise
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This report investigates the impact of Instagram on small business enterprises, with a focus on Paul Lamond Games Ltd. It discusses the evolvement of Instagram as a social media tool, the issues faced by small businesses when using Instagram, and the impact of Instagram on attracting customers. The research methodology used in this study is also outlined.
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Table of Contents
TITLE:.............................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
Research background..................................................................................................................1
Overview of topic........................................................................................................................1
Rationale of research...................................................................................................................2
Research aim...............................................................................................................................2
Research objectives.....................................................................................................................2
Research questions......................................................................................................................2
Conceptual Framework...............................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................4
The evolvement of Instagram as a social media tool..................................................................4
The issues which occurs by using Instagram in the small business organization.......................5
The impact of Instagram on Small Business Enterprise in getting customers............................6
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................................................8
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION........................................................11
Data analysis.............................................................................................................................11
Data interpretation.....................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION......................................................................................................22
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................23
TITLE:.............................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
Research background..................................................................................................................1
Overview of topic........................................................................................................................1
Rationale of research...................................................................................................................2
Research aim...............................................................................................................................2
Research objectives.....................................................................................................................2
Research questions......................................................................................................................2
Conceptual Framework...............................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................4
The evolvement of Instagram as a social media tool..................................................................4
The issues which occurs by using Instagram in the small business organization.......................5
The impact of Instagram on Small Business Enterprise in getting customers............................6
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................................................8
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION........................................................11
Data analysis.............................................................................................................................11
Data interpretation.....................................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION......................................................................................................22
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................23
TITLE:
"Investigating the effect of Instagram on Small business Enterprise”. A study on Paul
Lamond Games Ltd.”
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Research background
Small business refers to enterprise which are privately owned in the form of sole
proprietor, partnership, etc. with less income and employees. In small sale organisation, there are
less than 50 workers. In current market, there is boom period for small scale organisations, so
there is competition in this sector. These days, there is use of more digital technologies in order
to coop up with external market (Al-Bahrani and Patel, 2015). Digital marketing tools such as
social media sites, intranet, artificial intelligence, etc. are part of digital technology. Instagram is
part of social media sites owned by Facebook Inc. which is used to keep in touch with people.
This site was launched by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger in October 2010. In this research,
there is discussion about impact of Instagram on small business enterprise for providing
satisfaction to consumers. Instagram page helps to provide knowledge to consumers with new
products and services launched. This report is based on Paul Lamond Games Ltd. which is Toy
and Game manufacturing company in London UK.
Overview of topic
In current market, games are in trends in UK because there is more requirement of
entertainment for kids. In order to expand in international market, Paul Lamond Games Ltd has
to work according to external market. For small scale company, there are some changes such as
use of social media to attract consumers. With use of social media tools, it is easy to contact with
consumers by providing latest information about product and services.
Paul Lamond Games Ltd has competition with AMA Studio, Antimatter games, Atomic
Planet advertisement, etc. So in order to compete with them and maintain same brand image, use
of Instagram is cheap and fast. Targeted consumers are games are children and they gets
attracted with attractive advertisements (Alshawaf and Wen, 2015). So with plan advertisement
campaign on Instagram it is easy to achieve competitive advantage.
1
"Investigating the effect of Instagram on Small business Enterprise”. A study on Paul
Lamond Games Ltd.”
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Research background
Small business refers to enterprise which are privately owned in the form of sole
proprietor, partnership, etc. with less income and employees. In small sale organisation, there are
less than 50 workers. In current market, there is boom period for small scale organisations, so
there is competition in this sector. These days, there is use of more digital technologies in order
to coop up with external market (Al-Bahrani and Patel, 2015). Digital marketing tools such as
social media sites, intranet, artificial intelligence, etc. are part of digital technology. Instagram is
part of social media sites owned by Facebook Inc. which is used to keep in touch with people.
This site was launched by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger in October 2010. In this research,
there is discussion about impact of Instagram on small business enterprise for providing
satisfaction to consumers. Instagram page helps to provide knowledge to consumers with new
products and services launched. This report is based on Paul Lamond Games Ltd. which is Toy
and Game manufacturing company in London UK.
Overview of topic
In current market, games are in trends in UK because there is more requirement of
entertainment for kids. In order to expand in international market, Paul Lamond Games Ltd has
to work according to external market. For small scale company, there are some changes such as
use of social media to attract consumers. With use of social media tools, it is easy to contact with
consumers by providing latest information about product and services.
Paul Lamond Games Ltd has competition with AMA Studio, Antimatter games, Atomic
Planet advertisement, etc. So in order to compete with them and maintain same brand image, use
of Instagram is cheap and fast. Targeted consumers are games are children and they gets
attracted with attractive advertisements (Alshawaf and Wen, 2015). So with plan advertisement
campaign on Instagram it is easy to achieve competitive advantage.
1
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Rationale of research
Reason behind conducting this research is to understand role of Instagram for attracting
consumers. In current market, social media sites are used by children as well so it is easy to
understand changes which can happen with use of social media platform. With conducting this
research, knowledge about impact of change in social media tools on sales of organisation.
Researcher has personal interest with social media sites and its impact on business, so this topic
is interesting for researcher's personal point of view as well. As there is rapid changes and up-
gradations in social media sites, so this research is more innovative and interesting for reader's as
well (McCann and Barlow, 2015).
Research aim
“To identify the impact of Instagram on Small Business Enterprise for getting attention of
customers. A study on Paul Lamond Games Ltd.”
Research objectives
To discuss the evolvement of Instagram as a social media tool.
To analyse the issues which occurs by using Instagram in the small business organization.
To identify the impact of Instagram on Small Business Enterprise in getting customers.
Research questions
How does Instagram evolved as a social media tool?
What are the issues which occurs by using Instagram in the small business organization?
What is the impact of Instagram on Small Business Enterprise in getting customers?
Conceptual Framework
Research is long time process because it provides complete and in- depth information
about research topic. This helps to investigate and enhance knowledge about it. Hence research is
divided into different chapters which helps to conduct research in appropriate manner with
achieving aims and objectives. This research is done for analysing impact of Instagram as social
media tools for getting consumer's attention. There are different chapters which helps to conduct
research in better and appropriate manner (Bal and et. al., 2015).
Chapter 1: Introduction- AS per this chapter, there is discussion about basic knowledge
of research topic. Under this chapter there is discussion through background of research,
2
Reason behind conducting this research is to understand role of Instagram for attracting
consumers. In current market, social media sites are used by children as well so it is easy to
understand changes which can happen with use of social media platform. With conducting this
research, knowledge about impact of change in social media tools on sales of organisation.
Researcher has personal interest with social media sites and its impact on business, so this topic
is interesting for researcher's personal point of view as well. As there is rapid changes and up-
gradations in social media sites, so this research is more innovative and interesting for reader's as
well (McCann and Barlow, 2015).
Research aim
“To identify the impact of Instagram on Small Business Enterprise for getting attention of
customers. A study on Paul Lamond Games Ltd.”
Research objectives
To discuss the evolvement of Instagram as a social media tool.
To analyse the issues which occurs by using Instagram in the small business organization.
To identify the impact of Instagram on Small Business Enterprise in getting customers.
Research questions
How does Instagram evolved as a social media tool?
What are the issues which occurs by using Instagram in the small business organization?
What is the impact of Instagram on Small Business Enterprise in getting customers?
Conceptual Framework
Research is long time process because it provides complete and in- depth information
about research topic. This helps to investigate and enhance knowledge about it. Hence research is
divided into different chapters which helps to conduct research in appropriate manner with
achieving aims and objectives. This research is done for analysing impact of Instagram as social
media tools for getting consumer's attention. There are different chapters which helps to conduct
research in better and appropriate manner (Bal and et. al., 2015).
Chapter 1: Introduction- AS per this chapter, there is discussion about basic knowledge
of research topic. Under this chapter there is discussion through background of research,
2
rationale, overview of research, etc. This helps to understand about reason for which reason is
conducted with clear aims and objectives.
Chapter 2: Literature review- This is the framework with provides complete information
objectives which are farmed in introduction section. In literature review, author's point is
considered which makes information more authentic and reliable.
Chapter 3: Research methodology: This is chapter in which research onion is discussed
as framework which provides complete information about tools and techniques which are used
enhance knowledge about research tools and techniques. This helps to understand which
technique is used and for what purpose.
Chapter 4: Data analysis: Data analysis refers to the method through which information
is collected from respondents in order to collect data from respondents. Chapter of data analysis
is important because conclusions, recommendations under research are based on it.
chapter 5: Conclusion- Conclusion is last chapter which talks about finding on the basis
of secondary and primary data. This is the last but important chapter because whole research is
conducted to give recommendations and conclusions on topic. If research is conducted on right
track, then conclusion and recommendations will also be correct (Brookbank, 2015).
3
conducted with clear aims and objectives.
Chapter 2: Literature review- This is the framework with provides complete information
objectives which are farmed in introduction section. In literature review, author's point is
considered which makes information more authentic and reliable.
Chapter 3: Research methodology: This is chapter in which research onion is discussed
as framework which provides complete information about tools and techniques which are used
enhance knowledge about research tools and techniques. This helps to understand which
technique is used and for what purpose.
Chapter 4: Data analysis: Data analysis refers to the method through which information
is collected from respondents in order to collect data from respondents. Chapter of data analysis
is important because conclusions, recommendations under research are based on it.
chapter 5: Conclusion- Conclusion is last chapter which talks about finding on the basis
of secondary and primary data. This is the last but important chapter because whole research is
conducted to give recommendations and conclusions on topic. If research is conducted on right
track, then conclusion and recommendations will also be correct (Brookbank, 2015).
3
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
The evolvement of Instagram as a social media tool
In current market trend, there is more and more use of social media tools in working
environment. It is important to analyse changes which are important to keep business operations
up to date. There are many changes which are taking place in external market. It is important to
analyse external market which is specific and relevant to get positive outcome. In current market,
there are many organisations which are using social media sites for their growth prospective.
When in 2010, Instagram is launched as social media sites, then it is used at domestic purpose.
But when there is trend to use social sites for official purpose, then managers of Paul Lamond
Games Ltd created official page at Instagram. Instagram is famous social media application
which helps to get in touch with consumers (Chen, 2018).
Small scale organisation Paul Lamond Games Ltd can not use expensive measures for
promoting good and services, then in this case they use Instagram to share products and services.
There is option of sharing videos, pictures and share feedbacks, revert from consumers. This
helps to attract more and more consumers. According to Seershika Shinde, there is requirement
of some new and innovative approaches through which promotion of Instagram is easy. There is
option of tagging. It helps to create awareness among people about brand. Managers can provide
discounts offers to consumers by tagging Paul Lamond Games Ltd in their post.
As Instagram page of Paul Lamond Games Ltd remains public, so comments are visible
to other people also who check post and video, pictures of toys and games. When managers of
Paul Lamond Games Ltd are thinking to launch new game, then they can market in innovative
manner to create excitement among children. Number of likes on Instagram's post shows brand
image of Paul Lamond Games Ltd. This also helps to understand new changes which are taking
place in external environment. According to Jessica Wade, there are around 800 million users
who have stories, shopable photos, explore information. This makes Instagram a famous social
media sites for commercial purpose as well. It is easy for managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd
to understand them and then plan business activities.
With evolvement of Instagram in current market, it is easy to understand changes which
is specific and relevant to the market (Coelho, Oliveira and Almeida, 2016). Social media sites
are important in current market because it provides complete information about products and
4
The evolvement of Instagram as a social media tool
In current market trend, there is more and more use of social media tools in working
environment. It is important to analyse changes which are important to keep business operations
up to date. There are many changes which are taking place in external market. It is important to
analyse external market which is specific and relevant to get positive outcome. In current market,
there are many organisations which are using social media sites for their growth prospective.
When in 2010, Instagram is launched as social media sites, then it is used at domestic purpose.
But when there is trend to use social sites for official purpose, then managers of Paul Lamond
Games Ltd created official page at Instagram. Instagram is famous social media application
which helps to get in touch with consumers (Chen, 2018).
Small scale organisation Paul Lamond Games Ltd can not use expensive measures for
promoting good and services, then in this case they use Instagram to share products and services.
There is option of sharing videos, pictures and share feedbacks, revert from consumers. This
helps to attract more and more consumers. According to Seershika Shinde, there is requirement
of some new and innovative approaches through which promotion of Instagram is easy. There is
option of tagging. It helps to create awareness among people about brand. Managers can provide
discounts offers to consumers by tagging Paul Lamond Games Ltd in their post.
As Instagram page of Paul Lamond Games Ltd remains public, so comments are visible
to other people also who check post and video, pictures of toys and games. When managers of
Paul Lamond Games Ltd are thinking to launch new game, then they can market in innovative
manner to create excitement among children. Number of likes on Instagram's post shows brand
image of Paul Lamond Games Ltd. This also helps to understand new changes which are taking
place in external environment. According to Jessica Wade, there are around 800 million users
who have stories, shopable photos, explore information. This makes Instagram a famous social
media sites for commercial purpose as well. It is easy for managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd
to understand them and then plan business activities.
With evolvement of Instagram in current market, it is easy to understand changes which
is specific and relevant to the market (Coelho, Oliveira and Almeida, 2016). Social media sites
are important in current market because it provides complete information about products and
4
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services to consumers. With having Instagram page, for Paul Lamond Games Ltd, it is easy to
cataract consumers.
The issues which occurs by using Instagram in the small business organization
There are some challenges which is faced by small scale company while they are using
social media sites. It is important for managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd to understand them
and take corrective measures. According to Donne Torr, some challenges are discussed as under
which may arise while using social media sites by Paul Lamond Games Ltd-
Lack of time to manage social media- There is problem to plan work on social media
platform. In order to analyse return on investment, use of Instagram is not so important. There
are many different marketing activities on which managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd has to
focus. So there is issue to update posts, share video, revert of consumers feedback, etc. on time.
If regular updations are not there within specified time, then this creates issue while using
Instagram for marketing purpose.
Cybersecurity issue- Security while using social sites is one of the major drawback of
performing business operations. Paul Lamond Games Ltd has page on Instagram which public
with no security. So everyone can visit their page, like pages, analyse comments, etc. There are
possibilities that Instagram account may get hacked. There is personal information of consumers
this might cause issue to consumers because they does not get correct and authentic information.
They might gets wrong or misbehaved messages.
Lots of media platform- Basically, Instagram is used to market product and services
among consumers. There are many ways through which marketing of products and services is
possible such as Facebook, hoarding, television advertisement, etc. which has to planned by
managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd. Hence there are possibilities that due to use of many
social media sites, there is mis-balance between various social media tools and it creates
confusion which has to used (Fatanti and Suyadnya, 2015).
Lacking emotion and enthusiasm- While using social media platform, there is lack of
emotions and enthusiasm. There is only advertisement through social media platform which aims
at providing information to consumers. This is the issue barbecue there is impersonal relations
with consumers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd and they do not feel familiar with advertisement on
Instagram.
5
cataract consumers.
The issues which occurs by using Instagram in the small business organization
There are some challenges which is faced by small scale company while they are using
social media sites. It is important for managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd to understand them
and take corrective measures. According to Donne Torr, some challenges are discussed as under
which may arise while using social media sites by Paul Lamond Games Ltd-
Lack of time to manage social media- There is problem to plan work on social media
platform. In order to analyse return on investment, use of Instagram is not so important. There
are many different marketing activities on which managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd has to
focus. So there is issue to update posts, share video, revert of consumers feedback, etc. on time.
If regular updations are not there within specified time, then this creates issue while using
Instagram for marketing purpose.
Cybersecurity issue- Security while using social sites is one of the major drawback of
performing business operations. Paul Lamond Games Ltd has page on Instagram which public
with no security. So everyone can visit their page, like pages, analyse comments, etc. There are
possibilities that Instagram account may get hacked. There is personal information of consumers
this might cause issue to consumers because they does not get correct and authentic information.
They might gets wrong or misbehaved messages.
Lots of media platform- Basically, Instagram is used to market product and services
among consumers. There are many ways through which marketing of products and services is
possible such as Facebook, hoarding, television advertisement, etc. which has to planned by
managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd. Hence there are possibilities that due to use of many
social media sites, there is mis-balance between various social media tools and it creates
confusion which has to used (Fatanti and Suyadnya, 2015).
Lacking emotion and enthusiasm- While using social media platform, there is lack of
emotions and enthusiasm. There is only advertisement through social media platform which aims
at providing information to consumers. This is the issue barbecue there is impersonal relations
with consumers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd and they do not feel familiar with advertisement on
Instagram.
5
From the above discussion, it is clear it is important to consider these issues which affects
brand image of Paul Lamond Games Ltd in negative manner. There is requirement of proper
distribution of work to expertise personnel who have knowledge about social media sites and
ability to deal with issues.
The impact of Instagram on Small Business Enterprise in getting customers
With Instagram account, there is positive impact on sales of company. Instagram is social
media platform which is specific and relevant to be considered in order to deal with changes in
better and relevant manner. For instance: managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd are using
Instagram page, then this is important to consider consumer's feedback, comments on post.
According to Dominique Jackson managers of organisation use stores for promoting their
products and services. It is important to analyse changes which are specific and relevant in
current market. When managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd using hashtags to market their toys,
then this helps to enhance consumer base. While using hashtags, it is important that authentic
and related is used. This helps to increase following because people frequently analyse it. As
there are some comments from consumers so it is responsibility of managers to address and
resolve them.
While using Instagram page with official site of Paul Lamond Games Ltd, then there
must be use of influencer marketing which helps to build great following of the page. Brand
image of Paul Lamond Games Ltd can valued through number of followers. There is an option of
video posting on official page of Instagram (Geurin-Eagleman and Burch, 2016). As compared
to photos, video are more effective to communicate information about toys. Hence in order to
attract more and more consumers, managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd use video related to
children. There must be highlights at official Instagram page of Paul Lamond Games Ltd so
visitors can view stories afterwards as well.
In order to expand in industry and promote brand, there must be hosting of events which
helps to communicate with consumers. This has direct relations with sales and make familiar
relations with workers. This also helps to increase fan followings on Instagram page. Hence from
the above discussion, it is clear that with using some strategies, it is easy to have positive impact
on sales with using promotional techniques. Sales, discount offers, etc. can be advertised through
Instagram which helps to increase sales. There is more installation of application, so online sales
for toys increases. While using Instagram, it is important that mangers has to keep privacy factor
6
brand image of Paul Lamond Games Ltd in negative manner. There is requirement of proper
distribution of work to expertise personnel who have knowledge about social media sites and
ability to deal with issues.
The impact of Instagram on Small Business Enterprise in getting customers
With Instagram account, there is positive impact on sales of company. Instagram is social
media platform which is specific and relevant to be considered in order to deal with changes in
better and relevant manner. For instance: managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd are using
Instagram page, then this is important to consider consumer's feedback, comments on post.
According to Dominique Jackson managers of organisation use stores for promoting their
products and services. It is important to analyse changes which are specific and relevant in
current market. When managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd using hashtags to market their toys,
then this helps to enhance consumer base. While using hashtags, it is important that authentic
and related is used. This helps to increase following because people frequently analyse it. As
there are some comments from consumers so it is responsibility of managers to address and
resolve them.
While using Instagram page with official site of Paul Lamond Games Ltd, then there
must be use of influencer marketing which helps to build great following of the page. Brand
image of Paul Lamond Games Ltd can valued through number of followers. There is an option of
video posting on official page of Instagram (Geurin-Eagleman and Burch, 2016). As compared
to photos, video are more effective to communicate information about toys. Hence in order to
attract more and more consumers, managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd use video related to
children. There must be highlights at official Instagram page of Paul Lamond Games Ltd so
visitors can view stories afterwards as well.
In order to expand in industry and promote brand, there must be hosting of events which
helps to communicate with consumers. This has direct relations with sales and make familiar
relations with workers. This also helps to increase fan followings on Instagram page. Hence from
the above discussion, it is clear that with using some strategies, it is easy to have positive impact
on sales with using promotional techniques. Sales, discount offers, etc. can be advertised through
Instagram which helps to increase sales. There is more installation of application, so online sales
for toys increases. While using Instagram, it is important that mangers has to keep privacy factor
6
in mind while advertising products and services. With Instagram plage, it is easy for Paul
Lamond Games Ltd to understand likes and dislikes of audiences. This helps to advertise what is
in demand. According to Brandi at festive season, Instagram provides fuel to marketing
campaign because these days around 70% are using Instagram for shopping purpose and then
visit official website to shop.
7
Lamond Games Ltd to understand likes and dislikes of audiences. This helps to advertise what is
in demand. According to Brandi at festive season, Instagram provides fuel to marketing
campaign because these days around 70% are using Instagram for shopping purpose and then
visit official website to shop.
7
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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research is creative and systematic collection of data in order to increase knowledge
about research topic. This investigation is time and cost consuming because in- depth knowledge
about topic in order to develop new understanding about research topic. There are different
techniques which are used to conduct research in best and relevant manner.
In order to conduct research in academic and authentic manner, research methodology is
used. Research methodology can be understood clearly with research onion framework (Glover
and et. al., 2015). This provides knowledge about different research tools an techniques which
assist in achieving aims and objectives within specified time. These techniques are discussed as
under-
Research philosophy- Research philosophy is the technique which provides knowledge
about way in which data is collected and analysed. This is important because with proper data
collection and analysis research conclusion is analysed. There are three types of research
philosophy i.e. pragmatist, positivist, interpretivist. In this research, pragmatist philosophy is
used. This is relevant because it covers all the aspects which affects conclusion of research.
Research approach- Research approach is the way which helps to conduct research in
synchronise manner. It is important to conduct research in synchronise way to get positive
results. There are two types of research approaches: deductive and inductive. In this research,
deductive approach is used. This approach is relevant because this covers information which is
relevant for research topic.
Time Horizon- Research is time consuming process because there are different aspects
which has to b cover in order to make research more authentic and reliable. In order to determine
and fix time for each activity, Gantt Chart is used. This is the research technique through which
research time is allotted to different activities. This is the way through which research can be
completed in time. Gantt Chart is pictorial representation of research activity with their
respective tie. This helps team mates to conduct research within specified time in synchronise
manner. Time scale is part of Gantt Chart which provides complete information about
completion of specific activity (Highfield and Leaver, 2015).
Research method- Research is conducted with some specified method because this helps
to conduct research in appropriate and academic form. There are two methods of conducting
research i.e. qualitative and quantitative method. In this research qualitative method is used.
8
Research is creative and systematic collection of data in order to increase knowledge
about research topic. This investigation is time and cost consuming because in- depth knowledge
about topic in order to develop new understanding about research topic. There are different
techniques which are used to conduct research in best and relevant manner.
In order to conduct research in academic and authentic manner, research methodology is
used. Research methodology can be understood clearly with research onion framework (Glover
and et. al., 2015). This provides knowledge about different research tools an techniques which
assist in achieving aims and objectives within specified time. These techniques are discussed as
under-
Research philosophy- Research philosophy is the technique which provides knowledge
about way in which data is collected and analysed. This is important because with proper data
collection and analysis research conclusion is analysed. There are three types of research
philosophy i.e. pragmatist, positivist, interpretivist. In this research, pragmatist philosophy is
used. This is relevant because it covers all the aspects which affects conclusion of research.
Research approach- Research approach is the way which helps to conduct research in
synchronise manner. It is important to conduct research in synchronise way to get positive
results. There are two types of research approaches: deductive and inductive. In this research,
deductive approach is used. This approach is relevant because this covers information which is
relevant for research topic.
Time Horizon- Research is time consuming process because there are different aspects
which has to b cover in order to make research more authentic and reliable. In order to determine
and fix time for each activity, Gantt Chart is used. This is the research technique through which
research time is allotted to different activities. This is the way through which research can be
completed in time. Gantt Chart is pictorial representation of research activity with their
respective tie. This helps team mates to conduct research within specified time in synchronise
manner. Time scale is part of Gantt Chart which provides complete information about
completion of specific activity (Highfield and Leaver, 2015).
Research method- Research is conducted with some specified method because this helps
to conduct research in appropriate and academic form. There are two methods of conducting
research i.e. qualitative and quantitative method. In this research qualitative method is used.
8
Under this method information is collected under scientific method in non numerical form.
Under this method, focus of researcher is to identify reason behind some specific view of
respondents. Qualitative results are more descriptive which helps to understand changes which
are required to be measured. This method helps to reveal the behaviour of respondents and
perception of respondents. So this method is more reliable to create awareness about impact of
Instagram on consumer's demand.
Data sources- Data is required to conduct research. There is requirement of some
information which is important to understand reason behind specific reason. There are two
methods of collecting information i.e. primary and secondary source. Primary sources refers to
the method which is used to collect information by researcher from respondents. Hence there is
one of one interaction among overreacher and respondents. With using this method, correct and
reliable information is gathered because there is opportunity to know reason behind specific
view. Questionnaire, personal interview, focus group, etc. are the methods through which
information is collected as primary source. In this research, questionnaire is used to collect data
from primary source. Questionnaire is set of questions related to research topic which is asked
from individuals to know their view over it (Highfield and Leaver, 2016).
Secondary method is another source to collect information. As per this method, there is
use of online sources, books, journals, magazines, etc. which helps to understand trends related
to research topic. In this research both sources for collecting data is used. So in- depth about
research topic is enhanced.
Research design- Research design is important because it provides complete information
about flow of research activities. There are three ways of research design i.e. descriptive,
exploratory, experimental. In this research, descriptive design is used. In this method each and
every prospective which is covered in research is analysed. This method is beneficial because it
covers complete information so it is easy for reader to understand justification of specific
approach.
Research sampling- Sampling is the method which is used to select some respondents for
gathering their opinion. It is not possible to collect information from whole population, so in this
case sampling is used. There are two types of sampling: random and non random.. random
sampling is used in this research. It refers to the method in which there is equal and probable
chances of getting selected by researcher. With using this method, there is equal possibility of
9
Under this method, focus of researcher is to identify reason behind some specific view of
respondents. Qualitative results are more descriptive which helps to understand changes which
are required to be measured. This method helps to reveal the behaviour of respondents and
perception of respondents. So this method is more reliable to create awareness about impact of
Instagram on consumer's demand.
Data sources- Data is required to conduct research. There is requirement of some
information which is important to understand reason behind specific reason. There are two
methods of collecting information i.e. primary and secondary source. Primary sources refers to
the method which is used to collect information by researcher from respondents. Hence there is
one of one interaction among overreacher and respondents. With using this method, correct and
reliable information is gathered because there is opportunity to know reason behind specific
view. Questionnaire, personal interview, focus group, etc. are the methods through which
information is collected as primary source. In this research, questionnaire is used to collect data
from primary source. Questionnaire is set of questions related to research topic which is asked
from individuals to know their view over it (Highfield and Leaver, 2016).
Secondary method is another source to collect information. As per this method, there is
use of online sources, books, journals, magazines, etc. which helps to understand trends related
to research topic. In this research both sources for collecting data is used. So in- depth about
research topic is enhanced.
Research design- Research design is important because it provides complete information
about flow of research activities. There are three ways of research design i.e. descriptive,
exploratory, experimental. In this research, descriptive design is used. In this method each and
every prospective which is covered in research is analysed. This method is beneficial because it
covers complete information so it is easy for reader to understand justification of specific
approach.
Research sampling- Sampling is the method which is used to select some respondents for
gathering their opinion. It is not possible to collect information from whole population, so in this
case sampling is used. There are two types of sampling: random and non random.. random
sampling is used in this research. It refers to the method in which there is equal and probable
chances of getting selected by researcher. With using this method, there is equal possibility of
9
being get selected, so possibilities of biasness is nil. Sample size for this research is 30
consumers and 20 employees.
Research ethics- Research is done on specific topic in order to enhance knowledge about
it. It s done for some academic purpose, so it is important to conduct it in ethical manner. This
research is conducted in best and ethical manner by making use of different research techniques
(King, 2015). While collecting secondary data relevant and authentic source is used. It is
important to conduct research in ethical form because it is base for decision making and
conclusion. There is no use of inappropriate and irrelevant information because it affects quality
of research outcome.
Research limitation- There are some limitation which researcher face while conducting
research activities. While conducting this research, there is issue of financial resources. Budget
set for conduct in research is low, so it is tough for researcher to complete in it. This affects data
collection process because due to lack of finance, researcher is not able to get data from more
books, magazines and newspapers.
Research reliability and validity- This research is conducted in way through which
reliable and valid information is collected. When information is collected by researcher through
online sources, then it is in their mind, that to collect information from authentic and reliable
sources. Information which is collected for research is used for it. Storing of information in
appropriate form, so it is easy to conclude in easy and appropriate manner.
Research budget- There is requirement of some specific amount of money for conducting
and reforming research (Kiráľová, and Pavlíčeka, 2015). There is requirement of internet
connection computer, stationery,, printing expenses, etc. for getting appropriate outcome. In this
research budget for performing research is £600.
10
consumers and 20 employees.
Research ethics- Research is done on specific topic in order to enhance knowledge about
it. It s done for some academic purpose, so it is important to conduct it in ethical manner. This
research is conducted in best and ethical manner by making use of different research techniques
(King, 2015). While collecting secondary data relevant and authentic source is used. It is
important to conduct research in ethical form because it is base for decision making and
conclusion. There is no use of inappropriate and irrelevant information because it affects quality
of research outcome.
Research limitation- There are some limitation which researcher face while conducting
research activities. While conducting this research, there is issue of financial resources. Budget
set for conduct in research is low, so it is tough for researcher to complete in it. This affects data
collection process because due to lack of finance, researcher is not able to get data from more
books, magazines and newspapers.
Research reliability and validity- This research is conducted in way through which
reliable and valid information is collected. When information is collected by researcher through
online sources, then it is in their mind, that to collect information from authentic and reliable
sources. Information which is collected for research is used for it. Storing of information in
appropriate form, so it is easy to conclude in easy and appropriate manner.
Research budget- There is requirement of some specific amount of money for conducting
and reforming research (Kiráľová, and Pavlíčeka, 2015). There is requirement of internet
connection computer, stationery,, printing expenses, etc. for getting appropriate outcome. In this
research budget for performing research is £600.
10
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CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
Data analysis
Data analysis refers to process under which inspection, transformation, modelling of data
is possible with using information for conclusion and impact on decision making. Data analysis
is important because there is impact on decision making of researcher and conclusion of
research. In order to analyse data, thematic approach is used. Under this method, different
themes are framed which provides brief introduction about question.
Questionnaire
Name:
Age:
Contact number:
Q1. Do you use Instagram social media account?
Yes
No
Q2. Does use of Instagram account by Paul Lamond Games Ltd assist in growth and
development of association?
Yes
No
Q3. Which department of Paul Lamond Games Ltd can perform business activities in more
better way with use of Instagram page?
Marketing
Research and development
Sales
Q4. For what purpose you prefer to use Instagram account?
To analyse market trend
To collect information about specific brand
Advertisement or entertainment
Q5. What are the benefits of using Instagram account for Paul Lamond Games Ltd?
Increment in sales
11
Data analysis
Data analysis refers to process under which inspection, transformation, modelling of data
is possible with using information for conclusion and impact on decision making. Data analysis
is important because there is impact on decision making of researcher and conclusion of
research. In order to analyse data, thematic approach is used. Under this method, different
themes are framed which provides brief introduction about question.
Questionnaire
Name:
Age:
Contact number:
Q1. Do you use Instagram social media account?
Yes
No
Q2. Does use of Instagram account by Paul Lamond Games Ltd assist in growth and
development of association?
Yes
No
Q3. Which department of Paul Lamond Games Ltd can perform business activities in more
better way with use of Instagram page?
Marketing
Research and development
Sales
Q4. For what purpose you prefer to use Instagram account?
To analyse market trend
To collect information about specific brand
Advertisement or entertainment
Q5. What are the benefits of using Instagram account for Paul Lamond Games Ltd?
Increment in sales
11
Assistance in creating brand awareness
Analysis of consumer's feedback about product and services
Easy marketing
Q6. What are the issues faced by Paul Lamond Games Ltd while using Instagram account?
Frequent up-gradations
Paid promotions
Information to competitors
Q7. What are the measures used in order to overcome issues faced by Paul Lamond Games
Ltd in using Instagram page?
Proper technical assistance
Proper security measures
Q8. What are the resources which are required by Paul Lamond Games Ltd to have and
operate Instagram account?
Expertise knowledge
Use of data security tools
Internet connection
Q9. Are you satisfied with information published at Instagram account of Paul Lamond
Games Ltd?
Yes
No
Can't say
Q10. Recommend some ways to Paul Lamond Games Ltd through which positive outcome
can be achieved with use of Instagram media?
Data interpretation
Theme 1: Users of Instagram account
Q1. Do you use Instagram social media account? Frequency
Yes 40
No 10
12
Analysis of consumer's feedback about product and services
Easy marketing
Q6. What are the issues faced by Paul Lamond Games Ltd while using Instagram account?
Frequent up-gradations
Paid promotions
Information to competitors
Q7. What are the measures used in order to overcome issues faced by Paul Lamond Games
Ltd in using Instagram page?
Proper technical assistance
Proper security measures
Q8. What are the resources which are required by Paul Lamond Games Ltd to have and
operate Instagram account?
Expertise knowledge
Use of data security tools
Internet connection
Q9. Are you satisfied with information published at Instagram account of Paul Lamond
Games Ltd?
Yes
No
Can't say
Q10. Recommend some ways to Paul Lamond Games Ltd through which positive outcome
can be achieved with use of Instagram media?
Data interpretation
Theme 1: Users of Instagram account
Q1. Do you use Instagram social media account? Frequency
Yes 40
No 10
12
Interpretation- As per graph, it is clear that majority of people i.e. 40 use Instagram
account. While remaining 10 individuals does not have. Hence for managers of Paul Lamond
Games Ltd being small scale company can easily use Instagram account for their growth and
development. They can easily advertise their products are services to society.
Theme 2: Impact of Instagram account on growth and development of Paul Lamond Games
Ltd.
Q2. Does use of Instagram account by Paul Lamond Games
Ltd assist in growth and development of association?
Frequency
Yes 38
No 12
13
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
40
10
Frequency
account. While remaining 10 individuals does not have. Hence for managers of Paul Lamond
Games Ltd being small scale company can easily use Instagram account for their growth and
development. They can easily advertise their products are services to society.
Theme 2: Impact of Instagram account on growth and development of Paul Lamond Games
Ltd.
Q2. Does use of Instagram account by Paul Lamond Games
Ltd assist in growth and development of association?
Frequency
Yes 38
No 12
13
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
40
10
Frequency
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Interpretation- As there is more use of social media sites, so with use of Instagram
account Paul Lamond Games Ltd can enhance their performance as per view of 38 respondents.
While remaining 12 individuals says it does not give any impact on growth and development. So
it is clear that managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd make policies through which they can use
Instagram account in more effective and relevant manner.
Theme 3: Departments which gets affected with use of Instagram page
Q3. Which department of Paul Lamond Games Ltd can
perform business activities in more better way with use of
Instagram page?
Frequency
Marketing 26
Research and development 19
Sales 5
14
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
38
12
Frequency
account Paul Lamond Games Ltd can enhance their performance as per view of 38 respondents.
While remaining 12 individuals says it does not give any impact on growth and development. So
it is clear that managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd make policies through which they can use
Instagram account in more effective and relevant manner.
Theme 3: Departments which gets affected with use of Instagram page
Q3. Which department of Paul Lamond Games Ltd can
perform business activities in more better way with use of
Instagram page?
Frequency
Marketing 26
Research and development 19
Sales 5
14
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
38
12
Frequency
Interpretation- As per above picture, out of 50 respondents, 26 have view that marketing
departments gets affected positively because with Instagram page marketing of products and
services is easy. It is easy to advertise discount offers to society. While 9 candidates have view
that research and development departments is also easy because it is easy to analyse demand of
consumers and market trend. Remaining 5 candidates says that sales department will affected
because sales of product is easy through online mode. Hence it is interpreted that marketing
department of Paul Lamond Games Ltd gets affected mainly as they can easily promote and
develop their products and services in more innovative manner among large number of
consumers.
Theme 4: Purpose of using Instagram account
Q4. For what purpose you prefer to use Instagram account? Frequency
To analyse market trend 20
To collect information about specific brand 13
Advertisement or entertainment 17
15
Marketing Research and development Sales
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 26
19
5
Frequency
departments gets affected positively because with Instagram page marketing of products and
services is easy. It is easy to advertise discount offers to society. While 9 candidates have view
that research and development departments is also easy because it is easy to analyse demand of
consumers and market trend. Remaining 5 candidates says that sales department will affected
because sales of product is easy through online mode. Hence it is interpreted that marketing
department of Paul Lamond Games Ltd gets affected mainly as they can easily promote and
develop their products and services in more innovative manner among large number of
consumers.
Theme 4: Purpose of using Instagram account
Q4. For what purpose you prefer to use Instagram account? Frequency
To analyse market trend 20
To collect information about specific brand 13
Advertisement or entertainment 17
15
Marketing Research and development Sales
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 26
19
5
Frequency
Interpretation- As per above graph, 20 candidates have view that Instagram is used to
analyse market trend, 13 individuals favours for collecting information about specific brand.
While remaining 17 candidates says that consumers use it for entertainment purpose via video,
pictures, etc. and organisation use it for advertisement purpose. Hence it is clear that Instagram is
used for different purpose by consumers and Paul Lamond Games Ltd. With analysing market
trend, it is easy to understand changes which are happening in current market.
Theme 5: Benefits of Instagram account
Q5. What are the benefits of using Instagram account for
Paul Lamond Games Ltd?
Frequency
Increment in sales 7
Assistance in creating brand awareness 12
Analysis of consumer's feedback about product and services 22
Easy marketing 9
16
To analyse market trend
To collect information about specific brand
Advertisement or entertainment
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
20
13
17
Frequency
analyse market trend, 13 individuals favours for collecting information about specific brand.
While remaining 17 candidates says that consumers use it for entertainment purpose via video,
pictures, etc. and organisation use it for advertisement purpose. Hence it is clear that Instagram is
used for different purpose by consumers and Paul Lamond Games Ltd. With analysing market
trend, it is easy to understand changes which are happening in current market.
Theme 5: Benefits of Instagram account
Q5. What are the benefits of using Instagram account for
Paul Lamond Games Ltd?
Frequency
Increment in sales 7
Assistance in creating brand awareness 12
Analysis of consumer's feedback about product and services 22
Easy marketing 9
16
To analyse market trend
To collect information about specific brand
Advertisement or entertainment
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
20
13
17
Frequency
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Interpretation- There are different benefits for which Instagram is used. As per 7
respondents, Paul Lamond Games Ltd can enhance their sales, 12 respondents feels that it is easy
to increase brand awareness among people, 22 candidates have view it helps to get feedback
from consumers about products, while remaining 9 respondents says that there is ease in
marketing of new launch. So it is analysed that brand awareness can be created with using
hashtags, frequent stories, etc.
Theme 6: Issues faced by Paul Lamond Games Ltd while using Instagram account
Q6. What are the issues faced by Paul Lamond Games Ltd
while using Instagram account?
Frequency
Frequent up-gradations 12
Paid promotions 22
Information to competitors 16
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
7
12
22
9
Frequency
respondents, Paul Lamond Games Ltd can enhance their sales, 12 respondents feels that it is easy
to increase brand awareness among people, 22 candidates have view it helps to get feedback
from consumers about products, while remaining 9 respondents says that there is ease in
marketing of new launch. So it is analysed that brand awareness can be created with using
hashtags, frequent stories, etc.
Theme 6: Issues faced by Paul Lamond Games Ltd while using Instagram account
Q6. What are the issues faced by Paul Lamond Games Ltd
while using Instagram account?
Frequency
Frequent up-gradations 12
Paid promotions 22
Information to competitors 16
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
7
12
22
9
Frequency
Interpretation- As per above graph, it is clear that there are some issues which faced by
Paul Lamond Games Ltd while using Instagram. As per view of 12 individuals, frequent up-
gradations of Instagram account, this might result in frequency of work, 22 individuals says hat
paid promotion is issue because this is costly approach for association. While remaining
candidates says that lack of privacy is issue. This issue arise because information about
marketing strategy, product and services can analysed by competitors which affects business
performance. Hence it is concluded that due to thee issues there are possibilities that Paul
Lamond Games Ltd may not prefer to use Instagram account.
Theme 7: Measures to control issues while using Instagram
Q7. What are the measures used in order to overcome issues
faced by Paul Lamond Games Ltd in using Instagram page?
Frequency
Proper technical assistance 39
Proper security measures 11
18
Frequent up-gradations
Paid promotions
Information to competitors
0
5
10
15
20
25
12
22
16
Frequency
Paul Lamond Games Ltd while using Instagram. As per view of 12 individuals, frequent up-
gradations of Instagram account, this might result in frequency of work, 22 individuals says hat
paid promotion is issue because this is costly approach for association. While remaining
candidates says that lack of privacy is issue. This issue arise because information about
marketing strategy, product and services can analysed by competitors which affects business
performance. Hence it is concluded that due to thee issues there are possibilities that Paul
Lamond Games Ltd may not prefer to use Instagram account.
Theme 7: Measures to control issues while using Instagram
Q7. What are the measures used in order to overcome issues
faced by Paul Lamond Games Ltd in using Instagram page?
Frequency
Proper technical assistance 39
Proper security measures 11
18
Frequent up-gradations
Paid promotions
Information to competitors
0
5
10
15
20
25
12
22
16
Frequency
Interpretation- As per above picture, measures which can be used to overcome issues
which are faced by Paul Lamond Games Ltd in using Instagram. As per 39 individuals, technical
assistance is required. There is requirement of expertise personnel through which provides
complete information about digital technology. While remaining 11 candidates have view that
proper security measures has to be planned. Hence it is concluded that with using technical
assistance and security measures, it is easy to use Instagram account for growth and development
of organisation.
Theme 8: Resources required to operate Instagram account
Q8. What are the resources which are required by Paul
Lamond Games Ltd to have and operate Instagram account?
Frequency
Expertise knowledge 22
Use of data security tools 18
Internet connection 10
19
Proper technical assistance Proper security measures
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
39
11
Frequency
which are faced by Paul Lamond Games Ltd in using Instagram. As per 39 individuals, technical
assistance is required. There is requirement of expertise personnel through which provides
complete information about digital technology. While remaining 11 candidates have view that
proper security measures has to be planned. Hence it is concluded that with using technical
assistance and security measures, it is easy to use Instagram account for growth and development
of organisation.
Theme 8: Resources required to operate Instagram account
Q8. What are the resources which are required by Paul
Lamond Games Ltd to have and operate Instagram account?
Frequency
Expertise knowledge 22
Use of data security tools 18
Internet connection 10
19
Proper technical assistance Proper security measures
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
39
11
Frequency
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Interpretation- As per above graph, it is clear that there is requirement of some resources
which helps in using Instagram account. According to 22 respondents, expertise knowledge
about digital techniques and social media platform is important. 18 candidates says that data
security measures is required, while remaining 10 individuals says internet connection is
required. So it is interpreted that with availability of such resources it is easy to operate through
Instagram account.
Theme 9: Satisfaction with information published in account
Q9. Are you satisfied with information published at Instagram
account of Paul Lamond Games Ltd?
Frequency
Yes 39
No 11
20
Expertise knowledge Use of data security tools Internet connection
0
5
10
15
20
25 22
18
10 Frequency
which helps in using Instagram account. According to 22 respondents, expertise knowledge
about digital techniques and social media platform is important. 18 candidates says that data
security measures is required, while remaining 10 individuals says internet connection is
required. So it is interpreted that with availability of such resources it is easy to operate through
Instagram account.
Theme 9: Satisfaction with information published in account
Q9. Are you satisfied with information published at Instagram
account of Paul Lamond Games Ltd?
Frequency
Yes 39
No 11
20
Expertise knowledge Use of data security tools Internet connection
0
5
10
15
20
25 22
18
10 Frequency
Interpretation- According to above in chart it is clear that 50 out of 39 candidates are
satisfied with information provided about games to consumers. They are able to understand
about new features of games. While 11 candidates are not able to get complete information. They
are not satisfied. Hence in order to increase followers there is requirement of improvement in
Instagram page of Paul Lamond Games Ltd.
21
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
39
11
Frequency
satisfied with information provided about games to consumers. They are able to understand
about new features of games. While 11 candidates are not able to get complete information. They
are not satisfied. Hence in order to increase followers there is requirement of improvement in
Instagram page of Paul Lamond Games Ltd.
21
Yes No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
39
11
Frequency
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it is clear that role of Instagram for small scale company is
important to attract consumers is crucial. With Instagram accounting marketing is easy so it is
easy to improve brand image of Paul Lamond Games Ltd in industry which assist in growth and
development of association. With use of Instagram, new and innovative advertisement helps to
attract consumers. This helps to increase followers and recognise brand loyalty of consumers.
There is issue with using Instagram page such as privacy issue, updations for Instagram
application, paid promotions, etc. This might affects performance of company in negative
manner but out of 50 individuals 39 are satisfied with information provided at Instagram page of
Paul Lamond Games Ltd. Hence it gives positive impact on performance overall company.
As there are some negative results with use of Instagram page, then hence there are some
recommendations which helps to get positive results. Some recommendations are-
As there is regular up-gradations in Instagram application, so there must be technical
assistance with expertise knowledge. They helps to make new and innovative techniques
of marketing which helps in getting positive effect of Instagram page.
Managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd ahs to motivate employees to get new ideas of
marketing with use of Instagram page or creativity which can be done to get positive
results.
22
From the above discussion, it is clear that role of Instagram for small scale company is
important to attract consumers is crucial. With Instagram accounting marketing is easy so it is
easy to improve brand image of Paul Lamond Games Ltd in industry which assist in growth and
development of association. With use of Instagram, new and innovative advertisement helps to
attract consumers. This helps to increase followers and recognise brand loyalty of consumers.
There is issue with using Instagram page such as privacy issue, updations for Instagram
application, paid promotions, etc. This might affects performance of company in negative
manner but out of 50 individuals 39 are satisfied with information provided at Instagram page of
Paul Lamond Games Ltd. Hence it gives positive impact on performance overall company.
As there are some negative results with use of Instagram page, then hence there are some
recommendations which helps to get positive results. Some recommendations are-
As there is regular up-gradations in Instagram application, so there must be technical
assistance with expertise knowledge. They helps to make new and innovative techniques
of marketing which helps in getting positive effect of Instagram page.
Managers of Paul Lamond Games Ltd ahs to motivate employees to get new ideas of
marketing with use of Instagram page or creativity which can be done to get positive
results.
22
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Al-Bahrani, A. and Patel, D., 2015. Incorporating Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook in
economics classrooms. The Journal of Economic Education. 46(1). pp.56-67.
Alshawaf, E. and Wen, L., 2015, July. Understanding digital reputation on Instagram: A case
study of social media mavens. In Proceedings of the 2nd European conference on social
media ECSM (pp. 19-27).
Bal, A. S. and et. al., 2015. Engaging students with social media. Journal of Marketing
Education. 37(3). pp.190-203.
Brookbank, E., 2015. So much social media, so little time: Using student feedback to guide
academic library social media strategy. Journal of Electronic Resources
Librarianship. 27(4). pp.232-247.
Chen, H., 2018. College-aged young consumers' perceptions of social media marketing: The
story of Instagram. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising. 39(1). pp.22-
36.
Coelho, R. L. F., Oliveira, D. S. D. and Almeida, M. I. S. D., 2016. Does social media matter for
post typology? Impact of post content on Facebook and Instagram metrics. Online
Information Review. 40(4). pp.458-471.
Fatanti, M. N. and Suyadnya, I. W., 2015. Beyond User Gaze: How Instagram Creates Tourism
Destination Brand?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 211. pp.1089-1095.
Geurin-Eagleman, A. N. and Burch, L. M., 2016. Communicating via photographs: A gendered
analysis of Olympic athletes’ visual self-presentation on Instagram. Sport management
review. 19(2). pp.133-145.
Glover, M. and et. al., 2015. Radiology and social media: are private practice radiology groups
more social than academic radiology departments?. Journal of the American College of
Radiology. 12(5). pp.513-518.
Highfield, T. and Leaver, T., 2015. A methodology for mapping Instagram hashtags. First
Monday. 20(1). pp.1-11.
Highfield, T. and Leaver, T., 2016. Instagrammatics and digital methods: Studying visual social
media, from selfies and GIFs to memes and emoji. Communication Research and
Practice. 2(1). pp.47-62.
King, D. L., 2015. Landscape of social media for libraries. Library Technology Reports. 51(1).
pp.10-15.
Kiráľová, A. and Pavlíčeka, A., 2015. Development of social media strategies in tourism
destination. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 175. pp.358-366.
McCann, M. and Barlow, A., 2015. Use and measurement of social media for SMEs. Journal of
Small Business and Enterprise Development. 22(2). pp.273-287.
Sherman, L. E. and et. al., 2016. The power of the like in adolescence: Effects of peer influence
on neural and behavioral responses to social media. Psychological science. 27(7).
pp.1027-1035.
Sobaih, A. E. E. and et. al., 2016. To use or not to use? Social media in higher education in
developing countries. Computers in Human Behavior. 58. pp.296-305.
Ting, H. and et. al., 2015. Beliefs about the use of Instagram: An exploratory study. International
Journal of business and innovation. 2(2). pp.15-31.
Online
23
Books and Journals
Al-Bahrani, A. and Patel, D., 2015. Incorporating Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook in
economics classrooms. The Journal of Economic Education. 46(1). pp.56-67.
Alshawaf, E. and Wen, L., 2015, July. Understanding digital reputation on Instagram: A case
study of social media mavens. In Proceedings of the 2nd European conference on social
media ECSM (pp. 19-27).
Bal, A. S. and et. al., 2015. Engaging students with social media. Journal of Marketing
Education. 37(3). pp.190-203.
Brookbank, E., 2015. So much social media, so little time: Using student feedback to guide
academic library social media strategy. Journal of Electronic Resources
Librarianship. 27(4). pp.232-247.
Chen, H., 2018. College-aged young consumers' perceptions of social media marketing: The
story of Instagram. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising. 39(1). pp.22-
36.
Coelho, R. L. F., Oliveira, D. S. D. and Almeida, M. I. S. D., 2016. Does social media matter for
post typology? Impact of post content on Facebook and Instagram metrics. Online
Information Review. 40(4). pp.458-471.
Fatanti, M. N. and Suyadnya, I. W., 2015. Beyond User Gaze: How Instagram Creates Tourism
Destination Brand?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 211. pp.1089-1095.
Geurin-Eagleman, A. N. and Burch, L. M., 2016. Communicating via photographs: A gendered
analysis of Olympic athletes’ visual self-presentation on Instagram. Sport management
review. 19(2). pp.133-145.
Glover, M. and et. al., 2015. Radiology and social media: are private practice radiology groups
more social than academic radiology departments?. Journal of the American College of
Radiology. 12(5). pp.513-518.
Highfield, T. and Leaver, T., 2015. A methodology for mapping Instagram hashtags. First
Monday. 20(1). pp.1-11.
Highfield, T. and Leaver, T., 2016. Instagrammatics and digital methods: Studying visual social
media, from selfies and GIFs to memes and emoji. Communication Research and
Practice. 2(1). pp.47-62.
King, D. L., 2015. Landscape of social media for libraries. Library Technology Reports. 51(1).
pp.10-15.
Kiráľová, A. and Pavlíčeka, A., 2015. Development of social media strategies in tourism
destination. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 175. pp.358-366.
McCann, M. and Barlow, A., 2015. Use and measurement of social media for SMEs. Journal of
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challenges-small-businesses-face/>.
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