This article discusses case management approaches, standards, and diverse client populations such as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people, children and young people, culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD), LGBTI, older people, and people experiencing or at risk of homelessness. It covers topics such as the history, protocols and systems, considerations, and special needs of each group. The article also includes information on evidence-based practice, decision-making processes, and mandatory reporting requirements.