Understanding and Leading Change in Tesco, Mark & Spenser and Unilever

This report discusses the impact of change management on Tesco, Mark & Spenser and Unilever. It covers SWOT analysis, key drivers of change, and measures to minimize negative impacts. The report evaluates the impact of changes on leadership, individuals and team behaviour. It also explains the force field theory and Lewin theory model. The subject is Understanding and Leading Change and the course code is not mentioned. The report is not specific to any college or university.

Understanding and leading
change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
Comparison of ways in which Tesco, Mark & Spenser and Unilever change management has
impacted its strategy and operations............................................................................................3
LO 2...............................................................................................................................................10
The evaluation of the ways in which change will impact leadership, individuals and team
behaviour...................................................................................................................................10
LO3................................................................................................................................................13
Brief discussion of the force field theory-.................................................................................13
Examples of real changes that are being introduced by the organisation-................................13
Explaining the resisting forces (barriers) and also the driving forces for the change and giving
numbers from 1-5 depending on the strengths of the forces.....................................................14
Discussing ways by which the company can reduce the resisting forces/barriers-...................14
Illustrating that organization can achieve their objectives as the barriers are reduced and
change is implemented-.............................................................................................................15
LO4................................................................................................................................................15
Discussing the intended change and drivers for the change and discussing how this change will
help the company.......................................................................................................................15
Performing the change model to understand how the change will implement and help the firm
...................................................................................................................................................17
CONCLUSION-............................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Change management is a systematic approach which have to be implemented by the
organization in order to deal with the transition or transformation of an organizational goals,
processes or technologies. The present report of understanding and leading change will be based
on different retailers of UK such as Tesco, Mark & Spenser and Sainsbury Plc. Tesco Plc is one
of the leading and second largest retailer of UK that offer general merchandised and grocery
products. Mark and Spenser is also a British multinational retailer with headquarter in London,
England. Unilever Plc is a British multinational consumer goods company that offer products
such as food, condiments, ice creams etc. The report will conduct the SWOT analysis of three
organizations in order to identify the key drivers of change within the company (Benzaghta and
et.al., 2021).
Further, the report will also assess the impact of changes over company’s strategy and
operations. The various internal and external drivers impact on the leadership behaviour,
department of the organizations will also be covered in this report. Lastly, the report will choose
one organization Tesco out of three to explain its real organizational change as well as drivers
along with its implementation using Lewin theory model.
LO 1
Comparison of ways in which Tesco, Mark & Spenser and Unilever change management has
impacted its strategy and operations
In order to identify the key drivers of change within Tesco, M&S and Unilever Plc, the
SWOT analysis is one of the best method or way. With the help of the SWOT model, the
comparison between the three organization strength, weakness, opportunity and threat are easily
possible. The SWOT analysis of Tesco Plc, M&S and Unilever Plc are as follows:
SWOT/
Company
Tesco Plc Mark and Spenser Unilever Plc
Strength  Tesco is one of the
biggest grocery
retailer in the UK
with revenue £57.8
billion in the year
 M&S company
has 1463 outlets
all over the
world. The well
experienced and
 Strong brand and
diversified range
of products are
the strength of

2021 (Djellabi and
et.al., 2021).
recognized brand
is also a strength
of M&S.
Unilever Plc.
Weakness  The Fraud trial and
accounting scandal
of Tesco in the
year 2017 has
become its major
weakness.
 Poor social media
marketing of
Tesco Plc is one of
the weakness that
has affected the
customer retention
of Tesco Plc.
 The sales of
M&S have
declined in the
year 2020 after
the situation of
Covid-19.
 The increase in
cost due to
manual
processes is also
one of the
weakness of
M&S
organization
(Djellabi and
et.al., 2021).
 The negative cash
flow and profit
after the
pandemic
situation is a
weakness for
Unilever Plc.
Opportunity  Cashless stores
and online
payment facility
are the
opportunities for
the Tesco which
help them in
succeeding in
competition.
 The remote
working is one of
the opportunity
 Global
expansion and
online store are
the opportunities
for the M&S Plc.
 Following
government rules
and regulation as
per stricter trade
reform is an
opportunity for
the company.
 Taking each and
every actions of
Covid-19
measures and
guidelines is also

that Tesco can
adopt after Covid-
19 to retain and
attract talented
workspace.
an opportunity for
Unilever.
Threat  The increased
import duties due
to Brexit has
increases the cost
of sales of its
products and
services.
 Poor leadership
management
within Tesco Plc is
also one of the
threat which are
impacting their
overall
performance.
 The biggest
threat for M&S
organization is
high level of
competition in
the UK retail
industry.
 The increased
rivalry and
growing
popularity of
other retail brands
is also one of the
major threat for
Unilever (Djellabi
and et.al., 2021).
After identifying the key strength, weakness, opportunities as well as threat of Tesco,
M&S and Unilever using the SWOT model, the following changes and key drivers of that
changes have been also assessed. The changes and its impact of company’s strategy and
operations are as follows:
Organization Changes Drivers of
changes
Impact on
strategy
Impact of
operations
Tesco Plc
1. Implementing
online payment
The key driver of
this change is
The impact of
these change
Their cost of
wastage of

and scan, pack
and pay facility
within Tesco
stores (Teoli
Sanvictores and
An, 2019).
continuous
technological
innovation and
changing
customer
preferences.
over Tesco is
that they
customer base
and retention rate
has increased.
resources has
reduced. This is
an impact on
operations.
2. Work from home
facility or policy
is also one of the
change
implemented
within Tesco.
The key driver of
this change or
policy is
increasing cost of
labour and
reducing talented
employee
turnover rate.
The impact of
work from
facility on Tesco
Plc strategy is
that their
employee
turnover rate has
reduced which
further beneficial
in improving the
overall
reputation of
business.
The cost of
recruitment has
reduced as well
as the production
volume of
company has
enhanced due to
this change
which is an
perfect example
of impact on
operations.
3. Real-time
feedback
leadership
management
policy
implementation.
The key drivers
of these change
within Tesco Plc
is clashes
between
employee and
management as
well as the
discouraged
employees.
This has
improved the
employee and
manager
relationship
which further
leads to
improving
employee
productivity
(Kraus and et.al.,
2021).
The real time
feedback impact
on Tesco
operation is that
their employees
are able to
complete their
targets on time as
well as reduced
level of wastage.

4. Product and
processes
promotion on
social media
platform.
The key driver of
these change is
also continuous
technological
involvement
within the
business
operation and
promotion
criteria.
The impact of
social media
marketing on
company
strategy is that it
will enhance the
overall
performance
Tesco Plc.
The impact of
these change on
company
operation is that
their customer
retention and
sales revenue
will enhanced.
Organization Changes Drivers of
changes
Impact on
strategy
Impact of
operations
Mark and
Spenser
1. Introducing
online stores is
one of the
change of M&S
company.
The key drivers
of introducing
online stores
within M&S
company is low
market share in
UK retail
industry (Park
and Armstrong,
2019).
The impact of
these change
over the
company
strategy is that
their number of
online stores has
enhanced.
Further, on the
operational level,
this strategy has
leads to
increased sales
revenue and
profitability from
both online as
well as offline
sales.
2. Incorporating
and following
Covid-19
guidelines after
the removal of
restriction or
The key driver of
these change is
Covid-19
pandemic and
death occur due
to this global
This change has
brought the
efficiency and
effectiveness in
employees work
and provide
This overall trust
of the employees
has enhanced
towards M&S
after these
change which

lock down. pandemic. safety to
employee.
has further
increased the
overall
performance of
company.
3. Implementation
of solar panel all
over the premises
and stores of
M&S.
This is also one
of the change
which has
implemented
within M&S
company. The
key drivers of
these change is
technological
advancement.
The cost of
production has
reduced because
of these strategic
change.
The reduced cost
of electricity
leads to reduced
cost of
production which
ultimately
increases
profitability.
4. Corporate social
responsibility
policy
incorporation
within the
company is a
change which is
implemented
after identifying
their weakness
and
opportunities.
The key driver of
CSR
implementation
is social and
environmental
protection.
This change has
leads to
fulfilment of
environmental
and social needs
as per political
expectations
(Park and
Armstrong,
2019).
The profitability
of M&S has
increased due to
these change.
Organization Changes Drivers of
changes
Impact on
strategy
Impact of
operations

Unilever Plc
1. Stricter trade
reform is also a
change which is
implemented by
Unilever after
Brexit.
The key drivers
of this change is
separation of UK
from EU member
or union.
The impact of
stricter trade
reforms is
increased brand
reputation on
client
This change has
impacted the
sales revenue of
Unilever. It
means their sales
has improved.
2. Accelerating
development of
Unilever
portfolio.
The key driver of
these change
within Unilever
is increased level
of competition in
UK retail
industry
(Román-Collado
and Colinet,
2018).
This has
impacted the
strategy of
Unilever in term
of higher share
market and
increased brand
value.
On the
operational level,
this change has
increases the
sales revenue as
well as
profitability of
the organization.
3. Health related
product
development is
also one of the
changes which is
implemented by
Unilever within
their
organization.
The key driver of
these change is
covering large
market area.
On the strategic
level, these
change has
brought new area
of sales revenue
within the
organization.
The overall
productivity as
well as customer
level of Unilever
has increased
after the
introduction of
this change.
4. Business
expansion is also
one of the key
change which is
incorporated by
The key driver of
business
expansion is
exploring new
market and
This has affected
the strategy of
Unilever in term
of increased
number of retail
On the
operational level,
these change has
brought new
source of

Unilever for
enhancing their
customer base
and brand
reputation.
gaining large
customer base.
stores all over
the world
(Román-Collado
and Colinet,
2018).
revenue and
profit to the
company.
LO 2
The evaluation of the ways in which change will impact leadership, individuals and team
behaviour.
Changing organization as per the changes that happen In the external environment brings
more productivity in the organization (Yrjölä and et.al., 2019). These changes affect the
functioning of the organization. Human resource is important part of the organization and their
behaviour are decided by the changes that occur in organization considering all external factors.
The below table will be describing how employees in organizations gets affected.
TESCO-
Changes Internal and
external
Impact on
organization
Impact on
individual
behaviour.
Impact upon
leadership.
Measures to
minimize
negative
impacts.
Tesco has
offered major
technological
method while
paying. The
method of
scan and pay
is referred as
Internal
change.
The impact of
such payment
system will
benefit
organization in
positive way
as easier
payment
The impact of
this change on
individual
behaviour can
be described
as the more
work load and
more
The leaders
also has
responsibility
to make such
team that
helps
consumer
while
The negative
impact can be
minim zed by
giving them
proper training
sessions
related to the
digital

the digital
transformation
.
system will
bring more
consumer in
the
organization.
responsibility, purchasing
and give
TESCO a
major benefit
for using such
technology
transformation
as well as
techniques to
handle large
section of
consumer.
Sainsbury-
Changes Internal and
external
Impact on
organization
Impact on
individual
behaviour.
Impact upon
leadership.
Measures to
minimize
negative
impacts.
Following all
the
environment
regulations
regulation of
the industry
given by the
government.
External factor
that will bring
changes in the
internal
functions of
the
organization.
The
organization
will make a
good
reputation in
market by
following such
rules and
regulation as
there is no
doubt that all
the negative
environmental
changes are
The individual
behaviour can
be moulded by
the Sainsbury
in order to
make them
concern and
responsible
towards the
environment.
The leaders
should focus
on following
those methods
that brings
good
responsible
behaviour of
the employees.
The leaders
should mould
itself into the
flexible
leaders that
Motivation
campaigns can
act as a good
programme for
ensuring
minimum
impacts.

big concern
for all the
countries.
brings
communicatio
n from both
the sides
(Cortellazzo
Bruni and
Zampieri,
2019).
Marks and Spencers-
Changes Internal and
external
Impact on
organization
Impact on
individual
behaviour.
Impact upon
leadership.
Measures to
minimize
negative
impacts.
Better
experience in
online
shopping to
attract
consumer
from all over
the world.
Internal
change.
Positive
impact upon
the sales of the
organization
as it will wider
the base of
consumer base
in the
organization.
The impact
upon
individual can
be seen with
more
responsibility
that is needed
to fulfilled by
the individual
in the M & S.
The leaders of
M&S changed
to make a
better
experience for
the consumers.
The impact
can be
minimized by
making online
store reliable
with security.
All the above points in each of the organization has directly impacted the sales of the
company. This is because all the changes have been done by keeping in mind issues that can be

faced by the consumer and will be decreasing sales of the company. The efficient managers will
also help all three organization as these managers are responsible for giving direction to the
employees in order to achieve goals of the company (Tian, Q).
LO3.
Brief discussion of the force field theory-
The force field theory can be described as the tool that is used by the company for
adopting the changes that occurs in their internal environment and will benefit organization in
order to grow and develop. This theory was given by the Lewin which has also described two
major forces that will bring change. This two forces are driving forces and restraining forces.
The driving forces drive the demand of change while restraining forces are those that stop
organization to bring changes. TESCO is multinational supermarket that is affected by the
various changes that occurs in the external environment of the company. This changes of driving
have forces to bring change in the organization. The driving force such as a digital
transformation for increasing sales of the company was one major change that impacted
organization for increasing their sales in the market. This also make sure that organization is
stick towards the objective by bringing changes related to the driving forces.
Examples of real changes that are being introduced by the organisation-
TESCO is one of the largest supermarket that has been in this industry for longest time.
TESCO has been able to retain consumer because of the changes that organization has done on
time to time. Attracting and retaining consumer is quite difficult as it has been seen with
increasing time the competition has also increased. The higher competition further demands
changes that is demanded by the consumer for such store. TESCO has bought various changes
such as social marketing campaigns, leadership management, technological advancement for
offering good experience to consumer while they visit TESCO stores (Rosnizam and et.al.,
2020).

Explaining the resisting forces (barriers) and also the driving forces for the change and giving
numbers from 1-5 depending on the strengths of the forces
The two forces given by the Lewin in the theory of force filed theory has been rated
below in order to know which factor has the highest power to bring changes and which resistant
factor stops such forces.
Resistance force
(Barriers)
Scale Driving force Scale
Management problem 4 Better consumer
experience
3
Old values. 4 Covid19 2
Leadership
management
3 Consumer demand 2
Customer retention to
old polices.
5 Poor services 3
Higher risk. 4 Technology 2
Discussing ways by which the company can reduce the resisting forces/barriers-
All the resisting forces can be reduced in company by following some strategies. These
strategies will improve product of the company that will make sure increasing sales of the
organization. The changes are needed to boost sales and resistant forces must be tackle in proper
manager. The ways that will offer higher productivity to the organization are as follows-
Proper knowledge and training-
Knowledge and training sessions to the employees will ensure changes in the
organization. The different training sessions must be conducted by the company foe ensuring that
are fa miler with technologies of company. Human resource act as the resistant force when they
are not comfortable with the new technologies and training and development sessions will guide
them towards new changes.

Proper communication-
The lack of communication further act as the resisting forces as when employees are not
fully aware about the changes, they can form a perception which will impact organization in
negative way. The proper guidelines related to the changes must be conveyed to all the
subordinates (Sultan, 2020).
Feedbacks-
Feedbacks are way to ensure that whether the changes are working in favour of the
company, there are times when changes are not demanded and the system of feedbacks make
sure that organization is in right path for achieving the goals of the company.
Setting target audience-
The target audience must be set up as early as it is possible because without target
audience, it is not possible to know what it is being demanded by that particular section. The
requirements of consumer generate the need of the company to bring change and act as the
driving force in the force field theory.
Illustrating that organization can achieve their objectives as the barriers are reduced and change
is implemented-
The different type of strategies will boost the sales of the organization as it becomes easy
to implement change by adopting such technologies. It is important to implement change keeping
in mind the needs of the consumer (Salem, 2021). TESCO already implement such strategies
that are useful for survival of business. Further, this can also be seen that the strategies discussed
above reduces the force of resistant in organization which automatically increases the driving
force in the organization.
LO4.
Discussing the intended change and drivers for the change and discussing how this change will
help the company.
The intended changes that will help company to achieve the goals of the company are as
follows-

Type of change Reason Current impact on
the company
Desired impact
Digital transformation
of payment methods
(Pantano and
Vannucci, 2019)
The reason behind this
change is the need of
better consumer
experience while they
visit the store of
TESCO.
The digital
transformation method
of payment will offer
company higher
volume of sales from
the market by
enhancing their
experience.
The management
department of the
TESCO wants good
sales in order to earn
higher amount of
revenue. Further, this
is also to solve the
problem of payment
methods that the
organization was
facing.
Leadership
Management
The good quality
leaders will build the
connection between
employees and
company that can be
utilized by the
company in its favour.
The positive
environment boost
spirit of employees
towards the goal of the
company.
The aim of TESCO is
to create a positive and
healthy environment
In the organization by
boosting their
confidence.
Increasing Customer
Retention
The improper
strategies of the
TESCO was
decreasing the
consumer retention
that need to be
enhanced for higher
success of the
company.
Customer retention is
needed to increase the
sales of the
organization. The
higher base of
consumer brings more
profitability in the
environment of the
company.
Tesco always wanted
high rate of consumer
retention as there are
already many
competitive powers
that are operating in
market.
Remote working The pandemic of After Covid19, the The remote working

Covid19 has clearly
made clear to the firm
for engaging it
consumer with remote
workings (Naeem,
2020).
remote working has
definitely impacted the
firm in the positive
manner as this
technique help
company to continue
the process of working
in the market.
technique will help the
to manage their
environment of
working in all the
situation. This also has
given excellent
results.
Marketing strategies The Ineffective
marketing strategies of
the company has to be
modified for attracting
wider consumer base.
The marketing strategy
of the company will
boost the demand of
its product in the
market. It will also
increase the reputation
of the company.
TESCO has desire to
enhance its brand
name in market and
that can be increase
with the help of
promotional marketing
strategies.
Performing the change model to understand how the change will implement and help the firm
Lewin's change model-
The aim of this model is to implement changes in the organization. It simply allows
business to do further planning that will be helpful to bring changes in the organization (Hussain
and et.al., 2018). This comprises three states that are change, unfreeze and refreeze. His is simple
process that helps the change management system of the organization. Model encourages and
supports employee and also give a competitive advantage over other companies (Burnes, 2020).
Freeze Change Refreeze
 The step of Unfreeze
covers three basic
elements that are as
 The change phase
cover three broad steps
that are as follows-
 Making sure that the
company changes to
the new culture.

follows-
 Determining what
changes is need to be
done.
 Making sure support
of all the stakeholders
and entire company.
 Creating the need of
change by
communication long
term vision of the
company.
 Communicating
clearly the plan and
implementation
strategy of the
organization.
 Promoting and
empowering actions.
 Involving all the
stakeholders of the
company as much as it
Is possible.
 Developing and
promoting the ways
that will help to sustain
with the long term plan
of the company.
 Offering training,
communication and
support programmes.
 Celebrating success of
the organization.
CONCLUSION-
From the report it has been clear that change is need of the organization. With changing
external factors organization change its products and services in the market. There are different
retailer such as TESCO, Sainsbury and M&S that has gained a wider consumer base in the
market because of their strategy to change with the changing consumer demands. The above
report has further focused on TESCO and the changes that organization has done to increase
consumer attention towards the products of the organization. TESCO has implemented this
changes by reducing the force of resistant over the driving force. The lewis change model has
been discussed further to analyse the that has been implemented in the organization.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Benzaghta, M. A. and et.al., 2021. SWOT analysis applications: An integrative literature
review. Journal of Global Business Insights. 6(1). pp.55-73.
Burnes, B., 2020. The origins of Lewin’s three-step model of change. The Journal of Applied
Behavioral Science. 56(1). pp.32-59.
Cortellazzo, L., Bruni, E. and Zampieri, R., 2019. The role of leadership in a digitalized world: A
review. Frontiers in psychology, 10, p.1938.
Djellabi, R. and et.al., 2021. SWOT analysis of photocatalytic materials towards large scale
environmental remediation. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering. 33. p.100696.
Hussain, S.T. and et.al., 2018. Kurt Lewin's change model: A critical review of the role of
leadership and employee involvement in organizational change. Journal of Innovation
& Knowledge. 3(3). pp.123-127.
Kraus, S. and et.al., 2021. Digital transformation: An overview of the current state of the art of
research. Sage Open. 11(3). p.21582440211047576.
Naeem, M., 2020. Understanding the customer psychology of impulse buying during COVID-19
pandemic: implications for retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution
Management.
Pantano, E. and Vannucci, V., 2019. Who is innovating? An exploratory research of digital
technologies diffusion in retail industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer
Services. 49. pp.297-304.
Park, H. and Armstrong, C. M. J., 2019. Is money the biggest driver? Uncovering motives for
engaging in online collaborative consumption retail models for apparel. Journal of
Retailing and Consumer Services. 51. pp.42-50.
Román-Collado, R. and Colinet, M. J., 2018. Is energy efficiency a driver or an inhibitor of
energy consumption changes in Spain? Two decomposition approaches. Energy
Policy. 115. pp.409-417.
Rosnizam, M.R.A.B., and et.al., 2020. Market opportunities and challenges: A case study of
Tesco. Journal of the Community Development in Asia (JCDA), 3(2), pp.18-27.
Salem, S.F., 2021. Do relationship marketing constructs enhance consumer retention? An
empirical study within the hotel industry. SAGE Open, 11(2), p.21582440211009224.
1

Sultan, A., 2020. Effective leadership and its impact on organisational performance: retail
industry (Tesco) (Doctoral dissertation, University of the West of Scotland).
Teoli, D., Sanvictores, T. and An, J., 2019. SWOT analysis.
Tian, Q., Analysis on the Business Strategy of Tesco in the Chinese Market.
Yrjölä, M. and et.al., 2019. Leading change: A customer value framework. Leading change in a
complex world: Transdisciplinary perspectives.
2