Methods and Techniques in Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering

Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.......................................................................................................................................................3
P1. Discuss earthworks activities, equipment and the techniques............................................................3
P2. Describe methods and the techniques which are used to create the complex foundations, pilling
works and drainage works.......................................................................................................................4
P3. Describe methods and techniques which are used in culvert construction, underpass construction
and provision for utilities.........................................................................................................................5
TASK 2.......................................................................................................................................................6
P4. Identify the hazards, risk and the safety arrangements for excavations, working in confined spaces,
working on structure and for working within temporary works on highways..........................................6
P5. Develop and present the site safety plan, risk assessment and method statement for the given civil
engineering activity.................................................................................................................................6
Task 3..........................................................................................................................................................7
P6. Evaluate the environmental, quality, geotechnical and economic context of the given civil
engineering problem................................................................................................................................7
P7. Propose a solution to the given civil engineering problem................................................................8
Task 4..........................................................................................................................................................8
P8. Describe the methods and the techniques used in the highway design..............................................8
P9. Develop the civil engineering design proposal for the new infrastructure project.............................9
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Civil engineering technology can be defined as the designing, planning and constructing
the buildings, road, bridges, subdivisions, heavy infrastructure or the municipal services. The
businesses dealing in civil engineering are liable to deliver the service in various different
environments which comprises of the construction, mining and other (Kaveh, 2017). The current
report is based on the conceptual design and execution of the report on the industrial complex
near the parallel express highway which is 12 km apart and both link the megacity of the London
to the international airport which is within the outskirts of the London which is Heathrow. Here,
around factories and industrial buildings are to be developed. This report shall deal with the
different methods and techniques which are used to create the buildings and the solutions for the
problems which will be identified. Moreover, the report shall cover different measures of safety
and the distinct code of practices which are related to the construction. At last, it will have the
risk assessment, safety plan and the method statements along with proposal for the new
infrastructure and the methods for the creation of the distinct foundation.
TASK 1
P1. Discuss earthworks activities, equipment and the techniques.
The engineering works which are formulated by the moving or processing parts of the
surface of the earth which involves unformed rocks or the quantities of the soil is termed as
earthworks (Conrad, 2017). For the current project, there are different techniques and equipment
which are being used, these are discussed below-
 Bulldozers- These are utilized to ample the dirt or soil, fine and rough grading, crushing,
removing or crushing the rick in the open construction sites. It consists of the large metal
plates in the front which can be used to move up and down with the restricted angle
which utilized mainly two hydraulic pistons that are attached to it.
 Excavators- It is the heavy machine which comprises of the base cabins together with the
long arm where there are various attachments which utilizes the hydraulic system for the
functioning. This is mainly utilized in order to demolish, excavation, mining, grading and
lifting heavy dredging and many other applications.

 Backhoe loaders- These are tyres mounted machines which have the shovel at the bucket
and front which is attached to the joint arm at the rear end. Their mobility which is
furnished by it makes the ideal for the utilization in this project. This can also be utilized
for carrying out the applications like placing pipes, filling up the trenches, excavation
work, lifting materials and many other (Lai, W.W.L., Derobert and Annan, 2018).
P2. Describe methods and the techniques which are used to create the complex foundations,
pilling works and drainage works.
The term foundation is referred to as the structural system which is liable for the support
and anchoring the superstructure of the building as well as the transmission of the lead on the
earth directly. There are various kinds of foundation which includes deep and shallow
foundations. In context to present project, Steel grillage foundation shall be apt that consists of
the joint beams and steel which are supplied in the single and double layer. These mainly cover
around 10cm on the outer side of the outer beams together with the upper flanges of upper layer.
The various methods which can be used in drainage work are illustrated below-
 Cement mortar- This is a paste which is utilized for binding the clocks for the spaces in
them and also prohibits the water infiltration on the ground id there are any type of
cracks. This can be used in this building for joining the gaps from drains to the drains.
 Geotextile membrane- The rationale behind this is to prevent the water from passing
which may be utilized for the improvements of subsurface drainage through eliminating
the groundwater from the muddy section of road. It provides the barrier in the
surrounding gravel and soil.
 Channel sealing method- It is used in case if the hill areas in order to prevent the
landslides and also the prevention of the infiltration on the ground, this implies that it is
not apt for the current project (Kaveh and Eslamlou, 2020).
For the piling work, it implies the long cylinder of the strong material such as concrete
which is pushed to the ground and acts as the steady support in order to structure the built on
top of that. The methods are illustrated below-
 Driven and cast in situ piles- In this, the steel shell which is the diameter if the pile shall
be driven in the ground by making the utilization of mandrel which can be inserted in the