Technology and Techniques in Civil Engineering for Industrial Complex Construction

CIVIL
ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Evaluate earthworks, techniques and equipments..................................................................3
Different measures for building complex foundations, piling works and drainage works....4
Methods and techniques used during construction of underpass and culvert........................4
Techniques used during earth-moving operations of large and complex capacity and deep
excavations.............................................................................................................................5
Methods for slope stability and dealing ground.....................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
Risk and safety assessments and hazards in confined space..................................................6
Effective safety plan and risk and method statements............................................................6
Legislation related with safety at civil engineering sites........................................................7
risk assessments and method statements ...............................................................................8
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................8
Analyse environmental, quality, geotechnical and economic contests of a civil engineering 8
Proposal that states how the environmental, geotechnical, quality and economic contexts . 9
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
Methods and techniques used in highway design ..................................................................9
Analyse methods and techniques used to create bridge foundations and flexible highway
construction foundations........................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
This report focuses on different technology and techniques used by civil engineers in
order to make effective structure for building and develop safe and sound buildings. Civil
engineering is based on professional practice of designing and developing effective infrastructure
projects and project size depends on scale which includes development of transport system
across the globe which includes highways, water supply networks and also includes development
of roads and buildings. This report is based on preparing an effective design for industrial
complex and includes design and implementation of report on an Industrial Complex. This report
also help in understanding about equipment and techniques used and different activities during
implementation of structure and different techniques used to understand stability of ground
(Bhattacharya, 2017).
TASK 1
Evaluate earthworks, techniques and equipments
This part of report focuses on different earthworks, equipments and techniques used by
engineers during development of industrial complex. Earthmoving equipments are considered as
effective machinery in construction and it is considered as one of the effective civil engineering
technology used on construction site. It includes several earthworks which includes laying
foundations, grading soil constituents, removing rocks and dirt in soil, digging trenches and
works related with demolition. These machines should be operated by professionals as
earthmoving machines help in making technological advancements with respect to construction
activities. Different earthmoving equipments used during construction of building are mentioned
below:
 Excavators – This equipment is used for both large and small construction sites which
includes demolition, heavy lifting, grading and more. This machine use hydraulic system
for functioning. This machine is capable of rotating 3600.
 Back Hoe Leaders – This equipment are tyre mounted machines as they look very similar
to farm tractors and it is considered as medium-size machines which is used for placing

pipes, lifting materials etc. Mobility of Back Hoe leaders make them effective for use in
urban areas (Camara, 2018).
 Trenchers – This equipment are earthmoving machines which are used for cabling, piping
and drainage purposes. This equipment varies according to need of construction site and
also based on concreteness of surface which is going to be trenched.
 Bulldozers – This equipment is considered as one of the heavy machine which are used at
construction site. This equipment is used for movement of soil and also used for crushing
and removing of rocks, grading and rough grading etc.
Different measures for building complex foundations, piling works and drainage works
Pile foundation is defined as series of columns which are constructed and inserted in the
ground to transmit loads to lower level of subsoil and provide concreteness to ground. Pile is
explained as long cylinder which is made up of strong rocks and piles help in transferring load to
rocks or soil. There are three type of pile foundation which are used in the given scenario for
construction of industrial complex and it is mentioned below:
 Driven Pile Foundations – This type of foundation are made from concrete, steel or
timber. These piles are prefabricated at construction site and piles are driven using pile
hammer. This method is used to increase the compaction of soil in order to increase its
bearing capacity. Cohesive and saturated soil have poor drainage capacity and water have
to drained for soil compaction (Dalal, Goumairi and El Malik, 2017).
 Cast-in-situ Pile Foundations – Cast-in-situ are considered as concrete pile and piles are
constructed and developed by drilling holes in ground according to needed depth and
then fill hole with concrete. This type of piles are considered as straight bored piles and
piles with one or more bulbs are known as under-reamed piles.
 Driven and Cast-in-situ Piles – There is particular procedure for this type of pile as steel
shell of diameter of pile is put into ground with mandrel inserted into shell. Shell is made
of corrugated and reinforced thin sheet steel or pipes.
Methods and techniques used during construction of underpass and culvert
In this part of report techniques used in underpass construction is explained for current
scenario during the development of industrial complex construction site as on its either side there
is express way which leads to Heathrow Airport (Dytczak and Ginda, 2017). Method for
constructing underpass across railway and highway includes steps of excavating a traction ditch