Community Health and Disease Prevention

This report discusses the importance of community engagement in addressing health issues and preventing diseases, with a focus on type 2 diabetes. It explores the use of the laverack ladder of community-based interaction model and various strategies for engaging communities. The report also examines different models and approaches for health promotion, including educational approaches, the health belief model, and the social cognitive model.

Community Health and Disease
Prevention

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PART1.............................................................................................................................................3
PART2.............................................................................................................................................3
PART3.............................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION
Community is group of people that have common perceptive, social- economic condition
or lifestyles thus are connected with each others. Lifestyles play an major role in reducing
amount of risk of health condition of particular individuals or can prevent for several health
issue. The top five factors that have affect health and safety of people living in Australia are high
intake of alcohol, obesity, physical inactivity and smoking. This report has use laverack ladder of
community based interaction model to planned strategies that could helps in engaging
community to implement plan for addressing the issue. It has also discussed about several model
and approaches of health promotion that could be use of educate community.
PART 1
Type of 2 diabetes are people that have insulin resistance and they belong to age group
of middle or older therefore it is known as Adult-onset diabetes. It can also be found in kids due
to childhood obesity or lifestyles of children. It can be illustrated that about 1 million adult in
Australia are suffering form type 2 diabetes and among them 500000 individual does not have
knowledge about it so they get to know after only diagnosed of other condition like vision
problem or heart attack. As per research 58% of case of 2 type diabetes can be prevented by
ensuring diet and weight for better health and well-being. In recent year, numbers of peoples in
Australia suffering from type 2 diabetes are increasing at rapid stage so it is heavy burden on
public health and safety. There are some symptoms in initial stage but afterward it resulted into
constant hunger (obesity), loss in weight, lack of energy and excessive thirst. Ladder of
community based interaction is a concept which is high complicated and dynamic process. It
contributes in effective analysis of framework that lead to active participation, engagement,
organisation, building of capacity and empowerment of communities (Chiu and et.al., 2020).
Therefore, while preparation of strategies three risk factors which need to be considered is
evaluation of the way emotional well being and healthy eating can be promoted. Secondly,
strategy needs to be set on basis of identification and planning of the way diseases can be
resolved. All risk factors also must be evaluated like physical inactivity that resulted in obesity,
intake of more alcohol. Key strategies that can be used to engage community to implement
program can be illustrated as follows:
Formulation of partnerships and alliance with community based organisation can helps
in prevention of diseases such as type of 2 diabetes in Australia. Organisation by forming

partnership can able to share resources and support each others in order to get favourable
outcome for resolving health problem in society. Practitioner’s needs to list its potential partners
and shared issues among various individuals that live in society with relevant to their respective
roles and responsibilities (Isaranuwatchai and et.al., 2019). Therefore for effective
implementation of program strategies needs to made to provide better interpersonal
communication, material development and appropriate group presentation so that people can be
educated or awareness about method that can be used to prevent diseases.
Second strategy that can be used for prevention of health issue is more involvement of
people in short term task with communities that are realistic and achievable. Parallel tracking
helps in evaluation of empowerment outcomes and diseases prevention. Thus, through
conducting community survey or consulting someone that has knowledge of needs and wants of
community is able to facilitate more involvement of people.
It can be illustrated that active participation contributed in empowerment of community
or in other terms helps in development of greater capability in order to perform responsibility.
Empower style of leadership has to be used in society as it helps in providing support in decision
making process, bringing new ideas and effective sharing of information to group of people in
Australia that are suffering from Type 2 diabetes (Peyton and et.al., 2017). Flow up plan can
help in adapting to several external changes for prevention of diseases and better health and well-
being of community.
Therefore as per laverack ladder community based interaction model four steps such as
inform, consult, participate and empower can be used for effective implementation of program
and address health issue that is type 2 diabetes for better result.
PART 2
The process that operates at three level such as community, organisation and individual
can be termed as community empowerment. Thus, it is ever changing process that includes shifts
in empower broader and individual power or social factors. Education or awareness among
people, identification of treatment goals are keys main pillar for community patients in care.
Communication is one of the most important processes that helps in exchanged or dissemination
of information among community members for better understanding of action plan on health.
Capacity building is fundamental prerequisite for various changes related to health for
sustainable influence on health of public (Kibayashi and et.al., 2019). Capacity building

contributed in increasing capacity of community to resolve its collective problem for better
health and well being in future circumstances. So, core domain of building capacity illustrated
by Liberato can use for support to community empowerment and ownership prevention program
of type 2 diabetes. Such as
More focus on needs and wants of community: There are various factors that influenced
collective community needs such as changes in political, social and economic condition.
Practitioners needs to understand needs of people that are suffering from type 2 diabetes thus
take better decision to invest in particular resources and facilities to support journey of
ownership and community empowerment for better prevention of diseases (Wutzke and et.al.,
2018).
Bottom up practices: Local residents or group of people that are suffering from 2 type diseases
needs to provide opportunities to decided best option which could be suitable for addressing
health issue. Various investment needs to be made by government organisation and other
enterprise to enhance community capacity in order to provide advice, resources and information
to various individuals. Thus, it can be stated that community are free to take ant decision to
invest in particular field for better health and well being of individuals.
Strength based approached: Effective understanding of collective strength of Australian
community can contributed in effective use of it in addressing health issue. Thus it can easily
support or encourage empowerment and ownership of prevention program in order to provide
better solution for increasing cases of types 2 diabetes.
Inclusive practice: It is type of practices of partnership with many community members or
firms in order to work together for achievements of common goals. Therefore range of sectors
aims to partners with each other for having sufficient resources in order to take future action or
enhance empowerment (Noeland et.al., 2018). Thus more participants of community lead to
collaboration and sense of feeling of belongingness of ownership among decision making of
prevention programs.
Investment in community capacity: Appropriate investment needs to made in order to
effectively implement strategies to build community capacity. Such as investment in community
infrastructure, health care facilities so that people living in society have more resources to
resolved their health problem. At the same time investment needs to be made in enhancing

network for better exchange or transfer of information, training of staff so that more families or
people in society are encouraged to take active part in program.
Therefore for support journey of empowerment and ownership of prevention program there are
main five domains which can be illustrated as needs of community, representative of community,
type of leaders and structure of program management.
PART 3
There are various models and approaches can be used for health promotion such as
educational approach and health belief that will contributed in motivating and educating
community about most important health issue or concern. While using particular theory for
health promotion it should be important to considered various types of factors such as particular
health issued faced by community that is 2 type diabetes so that in context of the program can be
implemented (Bartlett, 2018). Therefore, some of the theories and model related to diseases
prevention and health promotion are discussed below:
Education approach: The main aim of this approach is to enhance education or distribute
information, knowledge among large number of individuals that are living in particular
community. So that people can develop specific skills in order to take decision regarding their
health behaviour. It is one of the best methods that motivates and inspired diabetes patients to
take key steps to enhance their lifestyles and better health in future. Thus, educational
approached is based on relationship between behaviour and knowledge such as increase in
awareness will ultimately changed behaviour of various individuals (Pleasant, O’Leary and
Carmona, 2020). People can easily take various precaution steps such as regular exercise, more
intakes of nutrition and healthy lifestyles. Therefore it can be stated that transfer of information
from professional to individuals resulted in beginning in self care lifelong process.
Advantages of educational approach: People that are more knowledge or informed will prefer
more health lifestyles, eating nutrition and less fatty food that lead to chance of obesity. Thus it
helps in enhancing more contribution, engagement and empowerment of individual in prevention
program for resolving community health issue.
Disadvantages of educational approach: It can be stated that with increase in knowledge
decision process will become more complex and it may also result in restriction of voluntary
behaviour due to social and economic factors.

Health Belief model: It is one of the best model in health behaviour research that is useful in
self care activities and focus more on behaviour on prevention of diseases. Diet, exercises are
key broad areas that have been included as prevention behaviour of diseases. There are various
factors that impact or influence on individual behaviour such as threat to sickness, perceived
benefits, barriers to action and confidence level of person in particular action (Magnuson,
Hopkins and McFarlane, 2020). Therefore, it can be stated that in order to motivate patients
suffering from type 2 diabetes diseases living in community or Australia.
Advantages: People that belief that they should intake various precaution steps to ensure their
health and safety is able to motivate, educated others why precaution, diet and experienced is
necessary for healthy lifestyles. Their confidence level and belief motivate other individual in
society to have healthy food that is full of nutritional value and regular exercise, less intake of
alcohol.
Disadvantage: The biggest limitation or drawback of health belief model is that it does not
include attitude, belief of particular individual. At the same time it does not included various
social and economic factors that have promoted particular action.
Social cognitive model: This model and approaches of health promotion can also be used to
educate community about health issue such as type 2 diabetes. It describes action of other,
experienced of individuals and actions of others. There are various components included in
social cognitive theory that are related to individual behaviour changes such as self efficacy
which means person needs to have control over its feeling, behaviour capabilities, expectancy
and observation learning. Thus, it helps in better understanding of changes in health related
behaviour of individuals, actual diet. So, it mainly focused on cognitive though of individual and
its observation that stimulates to take decision in response to real world (Wutzke and et.al.,
2018). Varieties of factors have impact on cognitive though of patient such as demographical
structure, social and environment factors. So, by better understanding of these factors individual
may be motivated or educated about serious health issue faced by large number of people in
Australia.
Advantages: People by knowing various healths issued faced by other individual in society and
key measures that are taken to prevent them thus they will behave in similar manner for better
outcome. So it helps in reducing amount of risk related to health issue.

Disadvantages: It is loosely organised and based on assumption that changes in environment
will directly impact on person behaviour so it might not be true in each and every situation. It
does not focused on emotional factors or past experienced which may lead in ineffective
understanding and educating community.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from above report that prevention is better than cure which means
organisation, government as well as communities needs to take crucial steps to resolved various
health issue in order to reduce death rate. There are various advantages and disadvantages of
each health promotion model and theory that need to know by health care provider while
delivering services to people or society.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bartlett, O., 2018. Power, policy ideas and paternalism in non‐communicable disease
prevention. European Law Journal, 24(6). pp.474-489.
Chiu, C. J and et.al., 2020. Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Interventions for the
Elderly: A Scoping Review from 2015–2019. International Journal of Environmental
Research and Public Health, 17(15). p.5335.
Isaranuwatchai, W and et.al., 2019. Non-communicable disease prevention: best buys, wasted
buys and contestable buys. Open Book Publishers.\
Kibayashi, E and et.al., 2019. P43 Association Between Dietary Practices for Lifestyle Disease
Prevention and Breakfast Habits. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 51(7).
pp.S51-S52.
Magnuson, J. A., Hopkins, R. and McFarlane, T. D., 2020. Informatics in Disease Prevention
and Epidemiology. In Public Health Informatics and Information Systems (pp. 239-
258). Springer, Cham.
Noel, K and et.al., 2018. Journal of Family Medicine and Disease Prevention.
Peyton, C.G and et.al., 2017. Aging well: health promotion and disease
prevention. Occupational Therapy with Elders-eBook: Strategies for the Occupational
Therapy Assistant, p.51.
Pleasant, A., O’Leary, C. and Carmona, R. H., 2020. Using formative research to tailor a
community intervention focused on the prevention of chronic disease. Evaluation and
program planning, 78. p.101716.
Wutzke, S and et.al., 2018. Knowledge mobilisation for chronic disease prevention: the case of
the Australian Prevention Partnership Centre. Health research policy and
systems, 16(1). p.109.