Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry

This document provides an overview of the key historical developments in the travel and tourism industry, including the elements and their interrelationship. It also discusses the factors influencing tourism behavior and the recent trends in the global travel environment.

CONTEMPORARY TRAVEL AND
TOURISM INDUSTRY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................2
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................2
Key historical developments in travel & tourism industry that shaped international travel and
tourism sector...............................................................................................................................2
Elements of travel & tourism industry.........................................................................................3
Role of components and their interaction with each other to cater a tourist experience.............4
Interrelationship between varied elements of sector and weakness in one can impact tourist
experience....................................................................................................................................4
LO2..................................................................................................................................................4
Tourism influencing factors between destinations and generating nations.................................4
Factors that affect tourism behavior.............................................................................................5
Evaluate impact of factors on decision making procedures.........................................................6
Models of motivation and its influence on tourist decision making process...............................6
Evaluate connection between key drivers to tourist nature and popularity of varied tourism
destinations & experience............................................................................................................8
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................8
Recent and emerging patterns as well as trends in global travel & tourism environment...........8
Highlight the importance of trends and patters in development to tourism sector internationally
......................................................................................................................................................9
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
Factors affecting popularity of range of global destinations........................................................9
Analyze factors for varied destinations and their importance level in context of destination’s
popularity...................................................................................................................................10
Evaluate connection between key drivers of tourist behavior and popularity of several tourism
destinations & experiences.........................................................................................................11

CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Hospitality sector is part of a wide enterprise known as travel & tourism sector, this
industry is large group business with one aim in common that is to cater essential and desired
services or products to travelers. Travel and tourism is one of the biggest industries in world,
with total contribution of more than Billions pounds to nation GDP. It has now become largest
civilian sector in the world, accordant to statistics one out of every ten individual worldwide is
part of this industry.
The current study explains historical developments in industry that shaped worldwide
travel & tourism industry. It also explains varied elements of this industry that create tourist
experience. This report justified tourism influencing factors between generating nations and
destinations as well as those elements that affect tourism behavior. Furthermore, this study
explains models of motivation that influence customers decision making procedure in tourism. It
clarifies recent and emerging trends & patterns in international travel and tourism environment
and also describes factors impacting popularity of range of global destinations.
LO 1
Key historical developments in travel & tourism industry that shaped international travel and
tourism sector
Travel and Tourism industry has grown continuously with change of human nature and
their expectation. There was a period structured with data approximately from 1945 when
progress in this sector was seen. Individual seek to spend their time to varied places those from
others where they have been already (Séraphin and et.al., 2018). Changes in people behavior as
well as their expectations from travel and tourism has made possible for industry to keep level up
with other sector. Grand tour, holiday campus, British Seaside resort and start of mass tourism
included in discussion of historical development in travel and tourism industry. It has a big been
improving since 19th century where earliest travelers were walking domesticated animals.
Innovation or invention of technologies provided new ways of transportation and enhanced
people chances to travel all around the world. So, it can be said that people craze about travelling
and changes in many things such as technology, passengers demand etc. shaped global travel and

tourism sector. In recent time, individual like to travel at their desired place with friends and
family members to spend time. People are able to spent money for travelling the world more than
before as they have good income source. Furthermore, it also analyzed that technological
inventions also play vital role to shape international travel & tourism sector and allow people to
travel whole world without any problems (Wan and Song, 2019).
Elements of travel & tourism industry
Travel demand-
The world is diverse; it composed of nations with a variety of customs and cultures as
well as urban centers. The development of countries increases demand of people for travelling
that place. Traveller generating region acts as push elements to stimulate and motivate people to
travel. This is the main region where travelers tries to seek data and goes for booking and makes
departure.
Airlines-
It is one of the most essential and useful component of travel and tourism industry that
play vital role in its development. There are many airlines available in UK which caters their
services to millions of passengers.
Travel agents-
This is the third elements of this sector which also play important role in development
and enhancement of passenger’s experiences. They aid individual plan, help them to choose and
arrange their vacations with family or friends.
Hotels-
Hotels under hospitality sector provide traveler facility of accommodation and Food &
beverage. They consider as key component of travel and tourism industry which make people
able to visit specific destination again and again (Dileep and Mathew, 2017).
From above, four elements of travel & tourism industry discussed, they all are
interrelated with each other for example, travel agent book air tickets for passenger’s and after
that airline cabin crew staff cater the best service to people during their airline journey according

to their needs as well as preferences. Thus, it can be said that this kind of relations between all
elements creates better experience for tourist and highly satisfied them.
Role of components and their interaction with each other to cater a tourist experience
All above elements play significant role to provide travelers the best travelling
experience. For instance, demand for travel put pressure on travel and tourism sector to offer
services according to their demand that create good experience throughout whole journey. Along
with this, travel agent role is to support people for planning holidays, they offer advice on where
to go and opinions relate to best destinations. With the opinion of travel agent people enjoy their
vacations a lot that may be enhance their experience better than previous one.
Interrelationship between varied elements of sector and weakness in one can impact tourist
experience
Travel agents, Airlines, Hotels and travel demand are the components of industry, they all
are playing vital role for creating tourist experience in effective manner. Interrelationship
between all of them are important, but still it affects negatively when travel agent do not guide
people affectively and offer poor services. Without getting appropriate directions many people
are chosen wrong place for holidays where they less enjoy. One of the advantages of booking air
tickets through travel agents is that they offer better guidelines. But due to poor and ineffective
guidance overall tourist experience affect negatively.
LO2
Tourism influencing factors between destinations and generating nations
 Government stability is one of the political factors that affect travel and tourism industry
positively (Tang, 2018). UK government stability all people to travel from one place to
another, it gives chance for greater success of sector. Most famous tourist destinations are
considered as safe like Paris, New York where tourists from UK enjoy their holidays.
 Sharing economy is name given to venture trend whereby people exchange services or
products directly with one another by using facilitating services such as Airbnd. The rise
of sharing economy is modifying the way people travel, it make travel more available for
everyone.

 Racial acceptance is one of the social factors that influence tourism sector positively and
generate by local and national authority to increase GDP and enhance living standards of
economy rather than before. According to this factor, people from all around the world
are highly accepting of those of other religions and races which make travelling more
comfortable experience.
 Technological advancement influence tourism sector in positive manner, it enhance
consumers satisfaction and increase profit margin rather than before. It enhances
transportation facilities for travelers in a cheaper price as it allows them to travel one
place to another.
 Exhibitions and trade fairs generate in UK and other nations gain attention of many
people and increase tourism sector productivity more than past few years.
Factors that affect tourism behavior
Pricing structure-
Good income source and high earning make people able to take decision for buying
anything that they want. It affects tourism behavior in positive manner and allow individual to
take interest for travelling from destination to another according to choose. When travel agent
offer good holiday package to travelers with affordable price it influence their behavior and drive
them towards purchasing the best package.
Family-
Among list of major factors that influence tourism behavior family is the one who are
able to change the attitude for travelling. Family member give their suggestions regarding
specific destination to each other that influence tourism or tourist behavior in context of tour.
Geographical factor-
It includes climatic conditions and amenities accessibility at destination such as London
where millions of tourist visit and explore the different places. Good atmosphere and climate
gain attention of many people around the world to take pleasure of natural beauty in London.
Technology-

Development and advancement of digital world affects tourism behavior in positive
manner, it provides a lot of data related to chosen destination. With digital technology people can
obtain all the information about desired destination at home within just few minutes
appropriately.
Evaluate impact of factors on decision making procedures
Technology factor put positive impact on tourist behavior and decision making procedure
as it make them able to take interest in destination where they want to visit like London. Before
taking any judgment travelers conduct a lot of research, gather much data about place and
famous tourist places. It only happen just because of technology which allow individual to use
social media sites and various source where a lot of info already available for people or travel
seekers. It also analyzed that by taking opinion of family member individuals can take decision
in effective manner, but in some cases it goes wrong because preferences of all the people are
different it does not match with each other.
Models of motivation and its influence on tourist decision making process
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs-
Consumer motivation is connected to this model according to that concept motivational
driver have varied level of importance.
Physiological needs-
When people obtain a good holiday package from travel agent with good hotel booking,
appropriate food & beverage facility and safety concern, it influence their decision making
procedure regarding tourism positively.
Safety needs-
After satisfying above needs, next needs felt are known as security and safety needs that
also influence consumer’s decision in context of travel. When travelers are assures about safe
journey and their security by travel agents at destination people’s are ready to go and enjoy the
whole journey without any issues (Shah and et.al., 2019).
Social needs-

When travel agents guide people with full concern and focus regarding travel package of
London, it influence decision making procedure of passengers positively. As they convince
tourists with positive attitude and drive them towards visiting famous location.
Esteem needs-
It refer to self respect and self esteem, When travel companies or agents cater appropriate
knowledge to its consumers it influence decision making process effectively and make people
capable to take their own decision with full data.
Self actualization needs-
After getting the entire needs consumer feel highly motivated by influencers like travel
agent which play vital role in decision making process of passengers. By obtaining information
and good travel package with all the facilities travelers feel comfortable and ready to reach desire
place that is London.
Emotional view model-
It is one of the best motivational model that influence consumer buying behavior and
decision making procedure. As it focuses on idea and thought that a customer buying pattern is
based on idea of obtaining most benefits while decreasing costs. Before offering travel services
travel agents and travel companies identify their consumers buying pattern and needs and then
cater services or packages accordingly as it help to influence their purchasing behavior
negatively. The decision procedure of travelers is based on 4 components such as channels,
outputs, inputs and processes. By providing quality accommodation service hotel sector gain the
attention of their passengers and drive other towards them.
Evaluate connection between key drivers to tourist nature and popularity of varied tourism
destinations & experience
Technology is key driver of tourist or traveler behavior it help them to collect info about
popular tourism destinations and aware about its culture (Benckendorff, Xiang and Sheldon,
2019). London is the best and most famous tourism destination place where millions of
passengers visit especially in summer season. Buckingham palace, British Museum, National
Gallery, Tower of London, Tower Bridge and other places considered as attraction point of this

destination that gain the attention of travelers around the world. With internet and electronic
devices individual know more about these places and take decision to travel where they get the
best experiences. But in many sites people give their back reviews about popular tourism
destination that may be influence tourist behavior in context of tourism negatively.
Reference group is also consider as key driver of traveler behavior they share personal
experience about varied tourism destinations such as London, Paris and many more and also
discuss popularity as well that influence tourist to travel those places. On the other hand, some
references group like friends and neighbor are not capable to explore whole world and they give
advice without getting any experience which is not suitable for tourist behavior.
LO 3
Recent and emerging patterns as well as trends in global travel & tourism environment
Solo travel-
It consider in list of current trends within international travel and tourism environment
that increase revenue and profitability of this sector rather than before. Leisure journey utilized
to be family affair or something that married people undertook together. Solo trip is now in
trends tourists prefer to visit desire destination and enjoy s solo trip that make so much fun out
place. Enjoying this journey is no longer so unusual and it increasingly shows this, it can be said
that needs of this trend are diverse (Bakar and Appadurai, 2019 ). Some individual simply want
to travel without distraction of companion. Younger singles finding for social activities and also
looking a partner on the other hand some widowed seniors like to use long term hotel stay free
from stress these things reflects that this trend are set to grow more and more.
Space tourism-
After analyzing the situation and economic growth it examine that space tourism is
consider as emerging trend emerge in next 40 to 50 years where people like to travel (Toivonen,
2017). For travelers seeing earth from 1000 Km above their surface will cater a lifetime memory,
there will be also leisure space for activities such as games or weddings. Also, some physical and
medical preparation will be essential.

Highlight the importance of trends and patters in development to tourism sector internationally
In context of first trend, solo travel is really very beneficial and necessary in development
of tourism sectors globally. People enjoy their journey with pocket friendly budget and also
encourage others to do same because it gives them opportunity to explore the destination and
gain more knowledge about it which is not possible with family. Solo tourism in this sector
undertaken by individual person permit them to gain great experience. They drive more people
towards this trend which in return increase profit margin of this industry and allow gaining
competitive advantages.
Space tourism is emerging trend in travel and Tourism sector that gain attention of people
all over the world. It is human space travel for recreational purpose when future generation plan
for space travel it will massively reduce cost of obtaining into space. It is another niche segment
of this sector that seeks to provide tourists capability to become experience space travel for
business and other purpose it play vital role in development of industry by placing good about on
each trip.
Cruise holiday is one of the trend that has been identified in Abta travel trends research in
2018. In UK, people take more holidays since 2011; it put positive impact on travel industry and
increase their profitability. Holiday makers in United Kingdom plan on taking a cruise in further
time period almost double number that went on one in last few months.
Solo travel is one of the most important tourism trends currently and in the future as well
as it help in development of tourism because people can never get boor from it.
LO 4
Factors affecting popularity of range of global destinations
Environment-
Tourism is in their best type of when destination boasts of conductive climate. Any
unexpected changes in environment or weather such as flash floods, heavy rain, high winds and
extreme climate can affect popularity of London and Paris as well as other international tourism

destinations. It create barrier between travel journeys of tourists and affect its behavior as well
that is not good.
Culture of people-
When culture and behavior of local people in London or Pairs was not good it affects
popularity of these destinations. It put negative image in mind of traveler as they are unable to
gather good memories with them. In actual case, the attitude and nature of individual in London
is quite good they are helping nature people and always ready to help other as well.
Quality of products or services-
The quality of food and accommodation services is also consider as key factor along with
above one that affecting popularity of international destinations like Paris or London. With
travelling service, travelers also seek to get the best accommodation facilities which make their
journey unforgettable and live a positive experience upon their mind.
Analyze factors for varied destinations and their importance level in context of destination’s
popularity
In context of London, Cultural or Historical factor play important for in destination
popularity. It affects tourism business and attraction points to great extent. London has great
cultural and historical importance then tourist will certainly prefer to visit place for seeing
London Bridge, Hampton Court palace, Eltham Palace, Buckingham Palace and other one as
well. This factor place great importance to destination popularity as it gain the attention of local
people around the world and also travel seekers to know more about historical things.
In regards to Paris, Sustainability is key factor that affects popularity of this destination.
Travel companies and other business drive towards conducting sustainable business practices it
gain attention of more passengers because in recent time travelers are more concern about
environmental sustainability it put positive impact on popularity of Paris. The popular and other
palaces are very clean every where people can see greenery. Eiffel Tower, Seine river, Palais du
lourve Arc de Triomphe, Notre Dame and other places gain attention of tourist.

Evaluate connection between key drivers of tourist behavior and popularity of several tourism
destinations & experiences
It evaluates that connection between above drivers of tourist behavior and popularity of
varied tourism destination as well as experience put positive impact on tourism sector. Climate
changes put negative impact on tourist behavior and they do not prefer to visit Paris or London
again because it spoils their journey. On the other hand, it can be said that when the weather is
Assam like little snow fall or many things give chance to enjoy overall journey perfectly.
Impact of social media on consumer’s behavior-
Social media is one the best platform where they can search and gather many data about
products, people or other things effectively. It influence on customer behavior positively, for
example, in the stages of data search and alternative evaluation, with satisfaction obtaining
amplified as people moves along procedures towards final purchase judgment. On the other
hand, it impact negatively when customers reads negative comments about services or products,
written by other one who already utilized it.
CONCLUSION
From above analysis, it has been concluded that there are many factors available which
affecting travel and tourism industry the most. By offering better services Hotels, airline and
travel agents contribute in development of this sector as well as create a good experience of
tourist. Different factors in London and Paris impact their popularity and gain attention of
traveler more than past few years. Furthermore, it has been summarized that motivational models
influence passengers decision making procedure positively.

REFERENCES
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