Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility for Apple Inc.

This dissertation focuses on the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for Apple Inc. The study aims to establish the level of CSR inherent at Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the company workers. It critically quantifies Apple's CSR activities, establishes its ranking in CSR activities globally, determines the impact of CSR on the company's bottom line, and provides recommendations for improving CSR activities. The research methodology includes quantitative research, positivism research philosophy, deductive approach, and descriptive research design. The study concludes that CSR is crucial for Apple Inc.'s success in the future.

CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY
(CSR)

ABSTRACT
The present dissertation is about the importance of Corporate Social responsibilities for
Apple Inc. The aim of the study is to establish the level of Corporate Social Responsibility
inherent at Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the company workers. The research
question formulate by the researcher are on the basis of the objectives. The objectives of the
study are To critically quantify Apple’s CSR activities in terms of time and resources, To
critically establish Apple’s ranking when it comes to CSR activities across the world, To
critically determine whether Apple’s CSR activity has affected the company’s bottom line
through public image perception, To provide recommendation on improving the CSR activities
of Apple Inc. The research questions on the basis of research has conducted to solve the issues
are formulated by the researcher which are What are the CSR activities of Apple Inc. in terms of
time and resources?, What is the ranking of Apple Inc. CSR activities?, How CSR activities of
Apple Inc. is affecting the bottom line of company through public image perception?, What are
the recommendation to improve CSR activities of Apple Inc.?. The researcher in this present
study successfully achieve the aims and objectives.
In addition to this, scholar also used the some research methodologies where the
researcher has used some methods to complete the entire dissertation by achieving the aim of the
study. This present dissertation is based on the Quantitative research type where the researcher
has placed on the collection and aggregation of numerical data, the sum-up of those informations
as well as drawing of logical thinking from the informations. Positivism research philosophies
was used by the scholar as researcher used to collect the data as well as answer the question of
research by using positivism philosophy. Deductive approach was used as scholar has start the
procedure by taking past as well as present theories in consideration which are concerned about
the main subject of the study. Scholar has used descriptive research design where researcher has
described the whole situation of the research study in depth. The entire study is based on the
secondary data as scholar has collected the data from other valid sources. Scholar has used
Descriptive Regression and Analytical tool for conducting SPSS. Thus, with the help of the all
these selected research methodologies, scholar has successfully established the level of
Corporate Social Responsibility inherent at Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the
company workers.

At the end, researcher has concluded that either the relationship between either the
relationship between Greenhouse gases emission, energy use, renewable energy and annual share
price and CSR ranking exist or not but Corporate Social Responsibility is very important for the
success of Apple Inc. in coming time. Further researcher also founded from secondary analysis,
that in today's era, company is recognised its contributions made in society and for stakeholders
not by the profit and sales and Apple Inc.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................2
TOPIC:.............................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
Overview of Topic. ................................................................................................................1
Rationale.................................................................................................................................2
Background.............................................................................................................................2
Definitions..............................................................................................................................3
Aims and Objectives...............................................................................................................3
Chapter Structure....................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................5
Introduction............................................................................................................................5
Apple’s CSR activities in terms of time and resources..........................................................5
Apple’s ranking when it comes to CSR activities across the world ......................................7
CSR activity has affected the company’s bottom line through public image perception......8
Recommendation on improving the CSR activities of Apple Inc........................................10
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................12
Introduction..........................................................................................................................12
Research Type......................................................................................................................12
Research Philosophies..........................................................................................................13
Research Approach...............................................................................................................13
Research Design...................................................................................................................14
Data Collection.....................................................................................................................15
Data Analysis........................................................................................................................15
Research Limitations............................................................................................................16
Ethical Consideration...........................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 4. DATA ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................19
Raw Data:.............................................................................................................................19
Descriptive............................................................................................................................19

Regression analysis..............................................................................................................20
Discussion.............................................................................................................................27
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................30
Conclusion............................................................................................................................30
Recommendation..................................................................................................................31
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................33

TOPIC:
“To establish the level of Corporate Social Responsibility inherent at Apple Inc. with
respect to the environment and the company workers”.
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
Overview of Topic.
In today's era, Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is most important aspect for all types
of organisation irrespective to their size and scope. It is a form of corporate self-regulations
integrated into a model of business. The policies of CSR functions such as built-in, self
regulating mechanism etc. help business to monitor as well as ensure its active compliance with
the spirit of the standard, law, ethical as well as international norms (Schwartz, 2017). Corporate
Social Responsibility is the procedure with the intention to grasp responsibility for the action's of
organisation as well as boost positive impact by its activities on consumers, stakeholder,
employees, environment along with all the members which are directly or indirectly connected
with the businesses. The importance of Corporate social responsibility is incredible as
organisation operates in a way which present social responsibility. This responsibility as well as
ethical practices are critical for the success of businesses. The benefits of CSR are countless as
small, medium or large follow the policies and practices in order to build the big brand.
Corporate Social Responsibility straightly impact on the image or reputation of company
in public which is crucial for the business. It also raised the brand awareness as well as
recognition when company follows Corporate Social Responsibility. The engagement of
customers is also raised when firm is using sustainable systems as company can show and post
the efforts and practices on social media to make the customers aware of company. In addition to
this, the practices followed by company related to CSR is beneficial for workplace as it becomes
more positive as well as productive place to work which is very important for the employees to
contribute productive work (Ni and Van Wart, 2015). It is also very fruitful for the organisation
that all the stakeholders of the company is managed.
The policies of Corporate Social Responsibility need to be considered as a core as well as
inseparable element of entire service or product offering. In the present era, social responsibility
becomes an integral part of the process of wealth creation as if it is managed in a systematic
manner it surely raises the competitive advantages of the business as well as it also maximise the
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value of wealth creation to society. Corporate Social Responsibility allows the company to do
their bit for the society, environment, customers or for that matter stakeholders (Grayson and
Hodges, 2017).
Rationale
The reason behind choosing Corporate Social Responsibility as the topic of research is
because it is very important in 21st century for all types of the businesses. This topic is becoming
very popular day by day, it is because each and every company has to follow the practices and
policies of Corporate Social Responsibility especially in respect to environment and employees
within organisation (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim, 2014). If company wants to build the brand
image in the market and to attain the peak of success, it is very essential for them to follow the
policies and practices of corporate social responsibility. The Ebiquity Global CSR study
identified that a staggering 31 percent of international consumers expect companies to operate
responsible in order to address social as well as environmental issues. Moreover, 84 percent say
they seek out accountable goods wherever possible. Thus, it shows that Corporate Social
Responsibility is very important topic across the world as people are becoming aware ethical
practices of company.
Background
This present dissertation is based on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as it is
one of the most popular topic across the world. It is fact that company who practices and follow
the policies of Corporate Social Responsibility, reaches heights of success in the market place as
well as in the heart and mind of stakeholders. The main purpose behind the Corporate Social
Responsibility is to make sure that organisation conduct their business in a manner that is ethical
and standard (Shamir, 2017).
In addition to this, Apple Inc. is being chosen to study the level of Corporate Social
Responsibility with respect to environment as well as employees. Apple Inc. is an American
multinational technology company and it is one of largest and well-known company for its size
and revenues. Its headquarters are located in Cupertino, California. Company used to design,
develop as well as sells computer software's, consumer electronics and online services. Apple
Inc. was founded in 1976 by three founders which are Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald
Wayne (Saeidi and et.al., 2015). There are 500 retail stores of Apple Inc. across the world. There
are 132,000 employees are working in the company.
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Definitions
Corporate Social Responsibility- It is a type of international private business self-
regulation and it is the relationship between the practices of business as well as greater society.
Electronics Industry- It is also known as consumer electronics. It is the industry where
electronic devises built in both automated and semi-automated factories (Huda and et.al., 2018).
Stakeholders- These are the person or group of people who have interests in something
which can influenced and be influences by the actions, policies and objectives of company.
Aims and Objectives
Aim
“To establish the level of Corporate Social Responsibility inherent at Apple Inc. with
respect to the environment and the company workers”.
Objectives
 To critically quantify Apple’s CSR activities in terms of time and resources
 To critically establish Apple’s ranking when it comes to CSR activities across the world
 To critically determine whether Apple’s CSR activity has affected the company’s bottom
line through public image perception To provide recommendation on improving the CSR activities of Apple Inc.
Research Questions
1. What are the CSR activities of Apple Inc. in terms of time and resources?
2. What is the ranking of Apple Inc. CSR activities?
3. How CSR activities of Apple Inc. is affecting the bottom line of company through public
image perception?
4. What are the recommendation to improve CSR activities of Apple Inc.?
5. What is the CSR level of Apple Inc. as a smartphone company operating in the
electronics industry?
Chapter Structure
Chapter 1. Introduction: This chapter is based on outlining the overview of the study as
well as topic. In this chapter researcher focus on developing a brief understanding of topic of the
research. Aims, objectives and research questions are also formed in this chapter. Further, reason
for choosing the Corporate Social Responsibility is the topic also specified in this chapter.
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Chapter 2. Literature Review: This is the second chapter of the dissertation where the
discussion of secondary facts as well as findings which are gathered by several researchers or
scholars. The entire discussion is based on the different books, journals, articles, blogs and other
valid and authentic sources. All the aims and objectives of the study are critically understood.
Chapter 3. Research Methodology: This is the third chapter that is based on the
implication of research tools. These research tools assist scholar in collecting, analysing and
interpreting data. The reason for selecting the methods of research methodologies is also
explained in this chapter. With the help of research methods, it becomes easy for researcher to
achieve the aims and objectives of the study.
Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Interpretation: This chapter is based on the data
collected by the researcher where the researcher will collect information from various secondary
sources. All sourced are valid and authentic.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation: This chapter is the summary of whole
study that assist in valuing information which are collected by researcher. Scholar will also
provide recommendations and advise to the company behalf of the topic. The conclusion will be
descriptive on the basis of all chapters which will make clear assumption of over every
information collected and analysed.
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CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
This is very important chapter of the dissertation as it provides detailed information
regarding the topic of research. Literature review is a search as well as evaluation of the
available literature in the topic chosen. There are four main objectives of literature review which
are surveys, synthesises, critical analysis and presentations. With the help of literature review,
scholar will show the depth research and understanding of the topic as it is explanation as well as
summary of the entire knowledge on the subject as found in academic books, journals, articles,
blogs etc. All the information in this present literature review is collected from valid and
authentic sources. It also provides excellent staring point for scholar beginning to do research.
Apple’s CSR activities in terms of time and resources
According to the Panwar and et. al., (2016) In today's' era, Corporate Social
Responsibility is very important for the success of any businesses. It is very important for
businesses to adopt CSR policies and practices in order to satisfy the expectation and needs of all
stakeholder along with the profitability of the company. The main activity of CSR is corporate
sustainability where the economic progress and sustainable development is the main motive. In
this present world, it is not optional for any company to adopt the policies and practices of
Corporate Social Responsibility as nobody is allowed to avoid society.
As per the Elbra and Mikler, (2017) Corporate Social Responsibility is definitely matters
for the success of Apple Inc. as they are highly concerned about the society, environment and
there employees. There are various projects as well as programmes organised by Apple Inc. in
order to specify and undertake the advantages of CSR. They are promoting education which
included both special education and skills of employment raising. Further, they are also ensuring
environment sustainability by planting trees, optimum utilisation of environmental resources etc.
Apple Inc. also give the commitment to ensure the working conditions in Apple supply chain are
safe that employees are treated with respect and dignity along with that the process of
manufacturing are environmentally responsible.
Carroll, Primo and Richter, (2016) says that the suppliers of Apple Inc. are obligated in
all their activities in order to operate in full abidance with rules, regulation and laws of countries
in which they are running. The code of conduct followed by the suppliers of Apple Inc. are EICC
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Electronic Code of Conduct, International Labour organisation (ILO), Universal Declaration of
Human Rights (UDHR), Ethical Trading Initiatives (ETI), ISO 14001, United Nations
Conventions Against Corruption, national Fire Protection Agency and many others. Thus, these
are all standards which are according to the expectations of society and other stakeholders. Apple
Inc. do not stop this practice as they used to organise project and programs on regular time-
period and they do not leave or stop following earlier practices of CSR.
Panwarb and et.al., (2016) said that, Apple is one of the world leading technology
company and it takes its corporate social responsibility very seriously. One aspect of its social
initiatives is the environment adopting a mission to “ ask less of the planet”. As per the
Greenpeace, for three successive years, Apple is one of the greenest technological organisation
in the world. The packing of Apple Inc. is manufactured with 99 percent recycled paper products
which is environmental friendly. On the Earth Day, Apple has modified its environment site with
the current information about green initiatives it has put in place. The aim of Apple Inc. is to
create not just the best products across the world but the best product for the world. They are
very concern about the environmental protection and its resources because if environmental
surroundings are not effective than it is not possible to generate revenue and sales.
According to the Elbra and Mikler, (2017) in terms of weather or climate change, Apple
Inc. has been more hard-working since last few years about evaluating its carbon footprint. In
2013, of greenhouse gas it came to 33,880,000 metric tones whereas in 2012, Apple reported
30.9 million metric tone. It is very important for Apple Inc. to measure the emission was
generated by the use of aluminium as it is one of fundamental product of the company. After the
evaluation, it was resulted that it is four tomes higher but the Apple Inc. take immediate step for
the environmental protection and convert it's all data centres are powered by renewable energy
sources. It also includes its latest installation in Nevada, Reno where the firm is building a brand
new solar array which generates 43 million kWh of clean power. In today's report, 65 percent of
the power fort those installations are rendered by renewable sources but for public perception it
is not up to the mark.
Carroll Primo and Richter, 2016 stated that, Even Apple Inc. had finished construction of
its new spaceship campus, still they are planning to improve its environment-friendly facilities in
order to fulfil the needs and expectations of the environment or stakeholders. The designing of
new building are completely environmental friendly as they committed that the entire
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surrounding of the area are covered with plants and trees which are approximately more than
7000 in which they planted both fruit and shade trees.
In terms of employees benefits and welfare, Apple is contributing a large and satisfying
the needs and wants of stakeholders in very effective manner as they reported annually fin their
Corporate Social Responsibility report as said by Becker-Olsen and Guzmán (2017). The
employees at Apple get an annual discount of 25 percent when they purchase computer, iPod or
iPad. Employees can get $500 off a Mac or Apple Software is 50 percent off and $250 off an
iPad. The discount offers are not limited to its workers but they are also offering discount to
family. In addition to this, company also allowed mothers to take four weeks of paid leave before
giving birth and after 14 weeks. Apple also provides $300 to employees for gym activities
annually. Thus, Apple is effectively and efficiently satisfied its employees and this is the reason
why the workers are 40 percent more productive than other companies.
Apple’s ranking when it comes to CSR activities across the world
According to statistics, Apple, Volkswagen and Samsung are the three organisations
which have reduced their CSR reputations in recent year. Since the survey in the year 2016,
Apple and Samsung dropped 5.5 points each and positioned themselves on 49th and 89th rank.
Volkswagen on the other hand dropped by 8.2 points in the last year and settled on 100th
position. Apple was at the seventh place earlier in CSR ranking but said to become victim of its
own secrecy. The organisation was not willing to unlock its iPhone to help enforcement of law
during a shooting investigation the previous year (Apple Ranking in terms of CSR. 2017). In
addition to this the company maintains a closed platform and many people doubtful about its
workplace. The organisation has established more than 9000 drought tolerant trees in Apple park
at Cupertino as a CSR initiative. In the year 2017 the company also donated 1 million us dollars
to southern California wildfire recovery efforts. The international technology organisation raised
more than 3 million US dollars for Hurricane Harvey Relief Efforts in August 2017. Apple aims
to contribute to transition up to 1 million acres of forest, across five southern provinces, into
responsible management by 2020. 2500
As per the Lyon and et.al., (2018) Apple, Samsung suffers in reputation ranking of
Corporate Social Responsibility. According to the annual study by Reputation Institute (RI),
Public perception of Apple corporate social responsibility efforts suffers a steep decline. The
contribution made by Apple is unable to meet the demands and expectation of stakeholders.
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Apple Inc. is beaten by Danish toy and Media Company Lego in the ranking of Corporate Social
Responsibility. As per the report, the business conduct by Lego and Danish Toy was more fair
and ethical as well as they operate there business more transparently. In 2016, Apple experienced
a backlash when it was disclosed that conditions within the factories of iPhone were so poor that
they installed safety nets in order to prevent their employees killing themselves. Thus, it led to a
mass protest that gained widespread media attention, developing a pessimistic representation of
the workplace conditions and environment of Apple Inc.
According to the Lau, Lee and Cheng, (2018) Apple Inc. used N-Hexane for the
manufacturing process in 2009. Unluckily, the materials which were utilised were not tested and
tried properly and ended up exposing employees to narcotic effects which struck directly to their
nervous systems. Employees were facing headaches as well as dizziness and were later admitted
to hospitals with terrible mental damages. Disregard objections, Apple forced to get the workers
to resign. When Apple decided to intervene, Wintek only demonstrated good faith. The move of
Apple’s was positive but from the perceptive of CSR, it was not up to the mark and enough. The
fact-finding report claimed that, Due to the use of such substance. 137 employees had been
exposed to poisonous chemicals. Thus, this is also one of the reason the decline of CSR ranking
of Apple as well as this activity has affected the company’s bottom line through public image
perception.
As per the Crane and Matten, (2016) it is fact that the company is big or small or having a
standing position in terms of revenue and sales but if the Corporate Social Responsibility agenda
is not effective than it badly hit the position and name of the company. There are many reasons
for the downfall of Apple Inc. in terms of CSR as all the strategies are not effectively working
effectively. The failure of Corporate strategies is directly affecting the reputation of company in
the mind of stakeholders. In today's era, companies are recognised by its contribution made in
society welfare and betterment not by its revenue and sales. Apple Inc. is leading in the world in
terms of revenue and sales but in terms of corporate social responsibility, company is suffering
very badly last for few years.
CSR activity has affected the company’s bottom line through public image perception
Backhaus, (2016) states that, the very first reason behind the failure of corporate strategy
is that the engagement or involvement of stakeholders are very less. They don't believe that
stakeholders engagement to be an important part of the CSR strategy. They do not share the
8

information with Greenpeace about what actually they are contribution and Apple has tendency
to reply to question to media on the working conditions in its supply chain with a generic reply
such as Apple committed to driving the best and super standards of social responsibility
throughout the supply base. Thus, it shows that company is very unwilling to engage with any
stakeholders which has critical pint of view. Another reason for the decline of ranking of Apple
is that company has very less thinking on triple bottom line. Apple has major focus on
maximising profitability and sales. They contribution made by company on environment and
social issues are not making any significant impact on its income.
No leadership and team Corporate Social Responsibility is also the biggest reason for
Apple decline in its ranking for Corporate Social Responsibility as said by Searcy, Dixon, and
Neumann, (2016). It is true that Apple used to maintain the CSR culture within organisation but
they used to rely on the culture without any dedicated team which is very important to drive the
agenda in right manner. It is very essential to do cross cutting analyses such as life-cycle
evaluation and to track as well as get handle on many difficult and complex problems in order to
present an integrated front of workers along with external stakeholders (Reasons for the decline
in CSR ranking of Apple Inc, 2017). In addition to this, Apple has low level of transparency
which is also the biggest reason why CSR activity has affected the company’s bottom line
through public image perception. The transparency level of Apple Inc. is not satisfactory as they
do not release the corporate sustainability report and they do not reply the CDP surveys and it
does not disclose the name of suppliers. Apple Inc. do not allow any other third party to audit
and examining the working conditions. Thus, it directly hit the mind of people and change the
perception of public in negative side.
As per the Lau, Lee and Cheng, (2018) dated approach is another reason for the downfall
of CSR ranking and negative perception of people about Apple Inc. When it comes to Corporate
Social Responsibilities, company does not maintain holistic approach which do not fulfils the
demand and needs of CSR terms and conditions. The corporate activities of Apple is not updated
date wise which in turn does not satisfy the stakeholders expectations. In addition to this, the
scandal of supply chain faced by Apple in 2012 which includes suicides and violences of
Foxconn, major suppliers of Apple Inc. resulted in big coverage of media of ethical as well as
workplace issues at Apple. Labour activist as well as NGOs with success blamed for the tragical
9

events in miserable workplace. These scandals of supply chain of Foxconn in China has badly
affected the reputation of apple and bring down 4.1 point down.
Recommendation on improving the CSR activities of Apple Inc.
According to the Arora, (2016) it is very important for Apple Inc. to take the Corporate
Social Responsibilities very seriously. They should have to set strong CSR agenda because it is
very essential as it makes sure that consumers do businesses with the company. It is fact that
Corporate Social Responsibilities is increasingly a top operator of stakeholders assistance. Thus,
Apple Inc. should make some improvement in the CSR policies and practices. Author suggested
that Apple Inc. should use best manufacturing procedure which do not harm the environment and
expectation of other stakeholders. They should minimize the use of toxins in the supply chain
that aids to keep the air, water and land free from pollutants. This practices will also improve the
performance and ranking of CSR among the organisation. They should set the standard in order
to stop using dangerous and harmful toxins which are damaging the environment as well as
employees too. It is because not only environment, toxins is also very harmful for the employees.
As per the Ho, Awan and Khan, (2016) Apple Inc. should build the team and follow the
best leadership style so that the agenda which company is setting according to needs and
expectations of Corporate Social Responsibilities. It is not enough to create the culture of CSR
within organisation but it is also very important that it should be maintain accordingly. It has
been noticed that after Steve Jobs, the leadership of Apple had faced great decline. Leadership is
very important in driving any agenda on the path of success. Thus, Apple should also build the
team that manage and handle the CSR activities as well as answer the media on any question
arise on them (Importance of CSR, 2017). In addition to this, Apple should allow third part audit
as it is also one of the best way to drive the reputation and ranking on positive way. Apple should
release Corporate sustainability report on regular basis just like an iPad and iPhone so that the
contribution made by them can be known in the public. In today's era, the company who are
more sustainable will be more recognised, thus, Apple should also start being open about the
way they are conducting the business,
Park, and Ghauri, (2015) suggested that, it is also very important that Apple should build
triple bottom line thinking, and raise the concerned about addressing environmental as well as
social issues. Bottom line thinking leads to the heights of success. None of the companies are
recognised by the profit in today's world, they are remembered by the contribution made by them
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in the welfare and betterment of the society. In addition to this, author also advised that Apple
should boost the engagement and involvement of stakeholders strategy so that they will know the
actual contribution of the company because the relationship with stakeholders directly impact the
perception of public. They should share the information to stakeholders what they are doing in
addressing the environmental and social issues. It is fact that, if Apple Inc. will start taking
seriously about the people as well as the planet, company will be stay far from all the scandals
and contradictions.
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CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Research Methodology is the one of the most important part of the dissertation. It is the
specific techniques or procedure which is used to identify, select, process and analyse the
information about the investigation or research questions (Research Methodology, 2018). This
section of methodology will allow the reader to critically measure the study of entire validity as
well as reliability. It also enabled the researcher to organise their efforts into one cohesive as
well as conceptual generation of product idea (Dickerson and et.al., 2018). The main purpose to
select the research methodology is to make the best decision for the conducting the research as
well as effectively answering question of the research. In this present chapter, researcher has
selected the methods for conducting the research as well as scholar will also provide justification
for selecting the particular study.
Research Type
This is the first and the most important part in research methodology as it is very
important for the researcher to select the best method or type of research. In order to conduct the
entire research successfully as well as to collect the data, it is very important that type or method
of the research should be collected in a systematic manner. It is vital for the researcher to pick
the best and suitable research methods in accordance to purpose behind the research. There are
two types of research which are quantitative and qualitative (Quinlan and et.al., 2019). The type
of research which describes, infers as well as resolve issues by utilising the numbers are called as
quantitative research, and it is totally based on measurement and calculation of amount or
quantity whereas the type of research which is based on feelings, words, emotions and other
unquantifiable components are called as quantitative research and it cannot be analysed by any
mathematical techniques and calculation.
This present dissertation is based on the Quantitative research type where the researcher
has placed on the collection and aggregation of numerical data, the sum-up of those informations
as well as drawing of logical thinking from the informations (Vannini, 2015). With the help of
quantitative researcher method, research has effectively and efficiently establish the level of
Corporate Social Responsibility inherent at Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the
company workers.
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Research Philosophies
This is the theory of the dissertation which belief about the ways in which data about a
phenomenon must be collected, analysed as well as used. Research philosophies used to deal
with the nature, source as well as development of the knowledge. It is the tool that is used to
study the deep inside the study. There are mainly four types of research philosophy which are
Pragmatism, Positivism, Realism and Interpretivism. Researcher in this present dissertation is
very aware in formulating the aims and research questions (Koro-Ljungberg, 2015). The
philosophy which believes that the reality us stable as well as it can be ascertained and describe
from a verifiable viewpoint without intrusive with the phenomena being examined is called as
positivism philosophy. The study which integrated the interest of human is called as
interpretivism philosophy. The fundamental aim of interpretivism philosophies is to study the
depth of the research to reflect various aspects of issues.
Both these philosophies are the best philosophies but in this present dissertation is based
on positivism research philosophies as researcher used to collect the data as well as answer the
question of research by using positivism philosophy (Christ, 2017). With the help of positivism
research philosophy researcher will study the large sample and it will be highly structured and
the data or information can be measured by qualitative methods. By positivism philosophy,
scholar has effectively and efficiently establish the level of Corporate Social Responsibility
inherent at Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the company workers.
Research Approach
This is also one of the most significant part of the dissertation as it is the systematic set of
the process for investigation that span the steps from wide assumption to elaborated methods of
data collection, analysis along with interpretation. It is very important for the scholar to select the
best and effective approach of research in order to find the best answers of research questions.
The entire decisions and result of the investigation is based on the type of research approach
selected. There are mainly three types of research approach which are deductive, inductive and
abductive. These research approaches are used by the scholars to reach the aims and objectives
of the study (Somoray, Wishart and Biggs, 2016). Deductive research approach are the approach
where the hypothesis is traced form the present theory as well as experiential world is the
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explored along with the collection of data to test the hypothesis. On the other hand, inductive
research approach where the scholar starts with some idea as possible allowing the theory to
unite from the information.
In addition to this, Abductive approach is the investigation where the scholar starts with
an observation then seeks to discover the easiest as well as most possible statement for the
observation and it is logical intervention. This present dissertation is based on the deductive
approach as scholar has start the procedure by taking past as well as present theories in
consideration which are concerned about the main subject of the study. It aids scholar to create
some hypothesis. The best advantage of using deductive approach is that it is time saving and it
allows more time for application as well as practice (Eaton, 2017). Thus, with the help of
deductive research approach, researcher has effectively and efficiently established the level of
Corporate Social Responsibility inherent at Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the
company workers.
Research Design
This is another most important method for conducting the research successfully in order
to meet the aims and objectives of the study as well as the presentation and coherence of the
dissertation. It defined the methods as well as techniques in order to combine several factors of
the investigation in a reasonably logical way so that the problems or issues of the research are
handled effectively and efficiently. The entire procedure to conduct the study is depicted in
research design. There are four types of the research design which are Descriptive, Experimental,
Correlational and Diagnostic (Matthes, Niederdeppe and Shen, 2016). Descriptive research
design, scholar used to describe the entire case or situation of the research study and it based on
the collection, analyse and interpretation of data collected. The type of design which is used to
build a relationship between the cause and effect of the situation.
On the other hand, correlational research design where scholar used to establish the
relationship between two nearly affiliated variables. Diagnostic research design is used when
scholar is inclined towards measuring the root cause of particular topic. In this present research,
scholar has used descriptive research design where researcher has described the whole situation
of the research study in depth. Thus, with the help of descriptive research design, scholar has
14

effectively and efficiently established the level of Corporate Social Responsibility inherent at
Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the company workers.
Data Collection
When it comes to conducting research on any topic of the study, data collection is the
most important and fundamental part of the research as without the collection of data, entire
research is incomplete. Data collection is defined as the systematic and well-defined approach in
order to gather as well as measure the information from variety of sources to get a complete as
well as accurate representation of the field of interest (Carey and et.al., 2017). With the help of
data collection, an individual or company to answer the relevant questions, measure result as
well as make predictions about the future trends and probabilities. There are mainly two types of
collecting data which are primary and secondary. Primary collection of data means scholar
collect the information for very first time and it is gathered by the researcher own-self. The
information collected from the primary data are first hand data such as questionnaire, survey,
interview etc. Secondary data refers to the collection of data when information is collected from
another sources such as internet articles, blogs, books and journals.
The entire study is based on the secondary data as scholar has collected the data from
other valid sources. Researcher has decided to collect the data from secondary sources because it
is time and money saving method as in conducting questionnaire and interview it takes too much
time and resources to gathered the information. In addition to this, in collecting data form
secondary sources, it becomes easy for the researcher to collect huge amount of information like
statical bases, government reports, experts articles and many others. Another reason why
researcher has collected the secondary data is that the information collected from the information
gathered from this source are deeper than compared to primary data (Srinivas and Babu, 2017).
The area of information is very broad in secondary data. Thus, with the help of secondary data,
scholar has effectively and efficiently established the level of Corporate Social Responsibility
inherent at Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the company workers.
Data Analysis
Data analysis is done after the collection of all the information collected form the selected
sources. This is also a very important section of the research methodology as without the analysis
of data, the information collected is senseless or meaningless. It refers to the process of
inspecting, cleansing, transforming as well as modelling of data with the purpose of finding
15

useful information, informing conclusion along with supporting decision making (Knudsen and
Stage, 2015). It is very important for the investigator to select the best method for analysis of
data because it gives meaning to the data collect from the sources. There are two methods for
analysis of data which are qualitative and quantitative.
In qualitative analysis, scholar investigates using focus groups, interviews, questionnaire,
survey etc. analysis of data is going to discover common practice within the responses as well as
critically examining them to effectively attain the aims and objectives of the study. Whereas, the
analysis of data for quantitative study includes critically examining as well as interpretation of
numbers or figures along with efforts to find rationale behind the beginning of principal findings.
There are three popular software be used to aid with the analysis of quantitative data which are
SPSS, Excel Spreadsheet and Microsoft Access. The analysis of data is based on the nature of
the study.
This present dissertation is based on secondary research. Thus, scholar has used
Descriptive Regression and Analytical tool for conducting SPSS. The coverage of SPSS in term
of statical routines and formulas are very broad and through other programmes, data files can be
improved. In addition to this, investigator has chosen SPSS for data analysis is the scholar can
check and prepare the input of data into computer as well as researcher can select most suitable
to describe the data (McLaughlin, Bush and Zeeman, 2016). Thus, with the help of SPSS tool,
researcher has effectively and efficiently established the level of Corporate Social Responsibility
inherent at Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the company workers and reached the
aims and objectives in better manner.
Research Limitations
The influences which are not able to control by the researcher are called as Limitations.
Limitations are the shortcomings, influences or conditions that places restrictions on the
methodology as well as on conclusions and these are not controlled by the researcher. In
conducting research, there are many limitations which are not control and handle by the scholar
which are as follows-
Cost Limitations- This is also one of the limitation which arise in conducting the study on
any topic. It is very important for the researcher to plan and formulate the budget before starting
the research activities so that it become easy for scholar to adjust the expenses according the
budget (Bryant, 2016). Researcher in this present research, faces the cost issues as it tends to
16

increasing when scholar is collecting information. Scholar has selected secondary data because it
is less expensive but in taking accesses and permission it becomes costly. The limitation of cost
is also cannot be control by researcher because the process or stage is incomplete.
Time Limitation- Time waits for none. It suddenly happens in the research that researcher
have less time and not able to complete study within time limits. It is very important that
researcher should completed the study on given time limit. In this present research, researcher
has put more time in searching and collecting research from internet blogs, company website and
books which has consumed lots of time (Wooliscroft, 2016).
Limitation of Information- This is also one of the major restriction faced by the
researcher in conducting study. Researcher find difficulty in finding the actual reason for the
decline of CSR ranking of Apple Inc. because it is not mentioned clearly. Some websites are
giving different reasons. At that time researcher find it very difficult to select the information for
the study. In addition to this, in taking access and permission for sites and pages to collect
information, it becomes very difficult as it consuming too much time.
Formulations of aims and objectives of the study- This is also one of the limitation faced
by the researcher in present study as it is very confusing for the researcher in formulation of aims
and objectives either to be very broad or narrow (Akpovo, Moran and Brookshire, 2017). By
making too wide aims and objectives, it is difficult to express the relationship and addressing the
problems whereas by narrowing the aims and objectives, the level of study can be raised.
Ethical Consideration
Ethics are the norms, standards, laws and rules in conducting the research on the topic. It
is very important for the investigator to follow and abide by all the norms, standards, laws and
rules in order to maintain validity and reliability of the research. It is specified as the most
essential part of the research and it has been said that the dissertation might even be cursed to
non-achievement if this part is missing. In this present research, researcher is abided by all the
ethics in conducting research (Poropat, 2016). Here are the ethical consideration which are
researcher has considered in this present research are as follows-
 The information or data which are collected by the researcher are from the authentic and
valid sources. Researcher do not use the fake websites like Wikipedia etc.
 Researcher also address all the issues such as objectivity, honesty, respect for intellectual
property, confidentially, non-discrimination, social responsibilities and others.
17

 Any exaggerations and deception about the aims and objectives of the investigation are
avoided by the researcher (Iguchi, 2017).
 Any type of communication in relation to the investigation is done by the scholar with
honesty as well as transparency.
 Researcher adhere to all the acts such as Data protection, privacy etc.
 The information are interpreted as it is collected, no any changes are made and all the
data which are collected by the scholar are free from bias.
18

CHAPTER 4. DATA ANALYSIS
Raw Data:
In relation with analysing the impacts of various elements over CSR ranking of Apple,
there have been consideration of various data base that have been used and analysed to have
adequate operational analysis and determination of the outcomes. Thus, in respect with this, there
have been use of Greenhouse gas emission, energy used, renewable energy, average annual share
price and CSR ranking of industry. Moreover, in accordance with ascertaining the data base there
have been use of various information from 2012 to 2017 such as:
Year
Greenhouse gas
emissions
Energy
use
Renewable
energy
Average
annual share
price
CSR
ranking
2012 362,440 304,000 118,000 56.53 73.23
2013 346,440 764,550 214,000 52.62 69.21
2014 350,830 922,860 283,000 85.35 70.1
2015 383,470 851,660 362,000 112.62 72.28
2016 379,310 974,570 569,000 100.30 73.3
2017 372,550 1,225,210 625,000 148.19 67.9
Descriptive
This statistical tool has been used to analyse the mean, mode median, standard deviation of the
database. On the basis of which researcher will analyse the reliability of the data that have been
using for analysing the reasons behind the research issues. Moreover, in the below listed table
there have been analysis over the various elements that have been considered by researchers such
as Greenhouse gas emission, energy used, renewable energy from the sustainable report of
Apple. Along with this, there have been analysed average annual share price of the organisation
as well as CSR rating of business.
Descriptive Statistics
19

N Rang
e
Minim
um
Maxim
um
Mean Std.
Deviatio
n
Variance Skewness Kurtosis
Statist
ic
Statist
ic
Statisti
c
Statisti
c
Statisti
c
Std.
Error
Statistic Statistic Statist
ic
Std.
Erro
r
Statist
ic
Std.
Error
Greenho
use gas
emission
s
6 37030346440383470 365840
.00
6192.74
3
15169.0
61
230100400.
000 -.215 .845-
1.965 1.741
Energy
use 6 92121
0 304000122521
0
840475
.00
124697.
623
305445.
548
9329698259
0.000 -.999 .8452.206 1.741
Renewa
ble
energy
6 50700
0 118000625000 361833
.33
81588.1
60
199849.
360
3993976666
6.667 .334 .845-
1.559 1.741
Average
annual
share
price
6 95.57
23
52.622
4
148.19
47
92.605
297
14.7224
118
36.0623
968 1300.496 .442 .845-.470 1.741
CSR
ranking 6 5.400
0
67.900
0
73.300
0
71.003
333
.922412
3
2.25943
95 5.105 -.290 .845-
1.984 1.741
Valid N
(listwise
)
6
Interpretation: On the basis of above analysed descriptive statistics on which there have
been analysis over selected variables which has have presented information on the basis of mean,
mode, medina and standard deviation. Thus, mean value of the considered data set as
Greenhouse gas emission as 365840, Energy used as 840475, Renewable energy as 361833,
average annual share price as 92.61 and CSR ranking of Apple as 71.00.
20

Regression analysis
This is the technique which will be adequate with respect to examine and analyse the
relationship among the independent and depend variables. Thus, on the basis of outcomes
research will identify similarities between the selected variables.
Greenhouse Gas Emission
Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis: There is no mean significant relationship between Greenhouse gas
emission and CSR Ranking of Apple
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a mean significant relationship between Greenhouse
gas emission and CSR Ranking of Apple
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
CSR ranking 71.003333 2.2594395 6
Greenhouse gas emissions 365840.00 15169.061 6
Correlations
CSR ranking Greenhouse gas
emissions
Pearson Correlation CSR ranking 1.000 .428
Greenhouse gas emissions .428 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) CSR ranking . .198
Greenhouse gas emissions .198 .
N CSR ranking 6 6
Greenhouse gas emissions 6 6
Model Summary
Model R Change Statistics
21

R
Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error
of the
Estimate
R Square
Change
F
Change
df1 df2 Sig. F
Change
1 .428a .183 -.021 2.2826859 .183 .899 1 4 .397
a. Predictors: (Constant), Greenhouse gas emissions
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 4.683 1 4.683 .899 .397b
Residual 20.843 4 5.211
Total 25.525 5
a. Dependent Variable: CSR ranking
b. Predictors: (Constant), Greenhouse gas emissions
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardize
d
Coefficients
t Sig. 95.0% Confidence
Interval for B
B Std. Error Beta Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
1
(Constant) 47.664 24.638 1.935 .125 -20.742 116.069
Greenhouse gas
emissions
6.380E-
005 .000 .428 .948 .397 .000 .000
a. Dependent Variable: CSR ranking
Interpretation: On the basis of above listed regression analysis outcomes which have
presented that the analysis over the greenhouse gas emission and CSR ranking of Apple in the
respective period. Thus, in terms of Model summary of the data base where R value have been
determined as 0.428 and R square as 0.183 that defines 18.3% of relation has been set out among
22

the variables. On the other side, the significant value of test is 0.397 which is higher than the P
value of 0.05. Therefore, there will be acceptance to null hypothesis while there is strong
evidence against alternative hypothesis. It stated that, there is no mean significant relationship
between Greenhouse gas emission and CSR Ranking of Apple.
Energy used:
Null Hypothesis: There is no mean significant relationship between Energy used and CSR
Ranking of Apple
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a mean significant relationship between Energy used and CSR
Ranking of Apple
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
CSR ranking 71.003333 2.2594395 6
Energy use 840475.00 305445.548 6
Correlations
CSR ranking Energy use
Pearson Correlation CSR ranking 1.000 -.581
Energy use -.581 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) CSR ranking . .113
Energy use .113 .
N CSR ranking 6 6
Energy use 6 6
Model Summary
Model R R
Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error
of the
Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F
Change
df1 df2 Sig. F
Change
23

1 .581a .337 .172 2.0561940 .337 2.037 1 4 .227
a. Predictors: (Constant), Energy use
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 8.614 1 8.614 2.037 .227b
Residual 16.912 4 4.228
Total 25.525 5
a. Dependent Variable: CSR ranking
b. Predictors: (Constant), Energy use
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardize
d
Coefficients
t Sig. 95.0% Confidence
Interval for B
B Std. Error Beta Lower
Bound
Upper Bound
1
(Constant) 74.615 2.666 27.989 .000 67.213 82.017
Energy
use
-4.297E-
006 .000 -.581 -1.427 .227 .000 .000
a. Dependent Variable: CSR ranking
Interpretation: By considering the above analysed regression test between the energy used and
CSR ranking of apple on which there have been ascertainment of various statistical outcomes.
Thus, R value of the data base has been determined as 0.581, R Square as 0.337 which
determined as 33.7% of the relationship has been set among the variables. In accordance with the
significant value of the data base which have presented value as 0.227 that defines the outcomes
more than the P value of 0.05. Thus, with respect to this, there will be acceptance to null
24

hypothesis that is, there is no mean significant relationship between Energy used and CSR
Ranking of Apple.
Renewable Energy
Null Hypothesis: There is no mean significant relationship between Renewable Energy and CSR
Ranking of Apple
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a mean significant relationship between Renewable Energy
and CSR Ranking of Apple
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
CSR ranking 71.003333 2.2594395 6
Renewable energy 361833.33 199849.360 6
Correlations
CSR ranking Renewable
energy
Pearson Correlation CSR ranking 1.000 -.242
Renewable energy -.242 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) CSR ranking . .322
Renewable energy .322 .
N CSR ranking 6 6
Renewable energy 6 6
Model Summary
Model R R
Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error
of the
Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F
Change
df1 df2 Sig. F
Change
1 .242a .059 -.177 2.4507859 .059 .250 1 4 .644
25

a. Predictors: (Constant), Renewable energy
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 1.500 1 1.500 .250 .644b
Residual 24.025 4 6.006
Total 25.525 5
a. Dependent Variable: CSR ranking
b. Predictors: (Constant), Renewable energy
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardize
d
Coefficients
t Sig. 95.0% Confidence
Interval for B
B Std. Error Beta Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
1
(Constant) 71.995 2.222 32.396 .000 65.825 78.165
Renewable
energy
-2.741E-
006 .000 -.242 -.500 .644 .000 .000
a. Dependent Variable: CSR ranking
Interpretation: In accordance with the anlsyed regression test over the renewable energy
of Apple and CSR ranking this respective years on which there have been influences of
outcomes. Considering the R value of the data base which have presented that the value as 0.242
and R Square as 0.059 which is 5.9%. On the other side, ion accordance with such analysis
where significant value of the data base has been anlsyed as 0.644. Thus, the value is higher than
the P value which insist the acceptance to the null hypothesis. It states, there is no mean
significant relationship between Renewable Energy and CSR Ranking of Apple. Moreover, in
26

accordance with this there will not be any effect of renewable energy over the CSR ranking of
firm.
Average annual share price:
Null Hypothesis: There is no mean significant relationship between Average annual
share price and CSR Ranking of Apple
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a mean significant relationship between Average
annual share price and CSR Ranking of Apple
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
CSR ranking 71.003333 2.2594395 6
Average annual share
price 92.605297 36.0623968 6
Correlations
CSR ranking Average annual
share price
Pearson Correlation
CSR ranking 1.000 -.322
Average annual share
price -.322 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed)
CSR ranking . .267
Average annual share
price .267 .
N
CSR ranking 6 6
Average annual share
price 6 6
Model Summary
27

Model R R
Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error
of the
Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F
Change
df1 df2 Sig. F
Change
1 .322a .104 -.120 2.3912511 .104 .464 1 4 .533
a. Predictors: (Constant), Average annual share price
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 2.653 1 2.653 .464 .533b
Residual 22.872 4 5.718
Total 25.525 5
a. Dependent Variable: CSR ranking
b. Predictors: (Constant), Average annual share price
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardize
d
Coefficients
t Sig. 95.0% Confidence
Interval for B
B Std. Error Beta Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
1
(Constant) 72.874 2.914 25.004 .000 64.782 80.966
Average annual
share price -.020 .030 -.322 -.681 .533 -.103 .062
a. Dependent Variable: CSR ranking
Interpretation: As per analysing the above present regression analysis which have
presented that there has been demonstration of the data base which have presented the outcomes
on the basis of Average annual share price and CSR ranking of Apple. As per model summary
the R value has been identified as 0.322 and R Square as 0.104 which is 10.4% Thus, the
28

relationship among the variable is not appropriate. Significant value of the data base has
presented that, there is no mean significant relationship between Average annual share price and
CSR Ranking of Apple.
Discussion
As per the above findings, the Corporate Social Responsibility ranking is not affected by
the Greenhouse emission, Energy use, Renewable energy and Annual share price as there no
relationship was identified between them as the result of data collected from 2012 to 2017.
Researcher has used to analyse the mean, mode, median and standard deviation of the database.
It was identified from the above findings that if Apple Inc. decreases the Greenhouse emission it
will not affect the Corporate Social Responsibility ranking as the Greenhouse gas emission. In
terms of Energy Usage, if Apple increases or decreases the usage it will not affect the CSR
ranking of the company. Further, researcher also collected the data of renewable energy but still
ranking of corporate social responsibilities is not influenced. The relationship between these
selected variables and CSR ranking is not close but still it is very important for Apple Inc.
because these variables can affect the CSR ranking in coming time. Scholar also suggested that
in order to achieve a healthy ranking in Corporate Social Responsibilities it is vital for the
company to take the Corporate responsibilities very seriously.
In addition to this, researcher recommended that the relationship between selected
variables is close or far but Apple should think and take seriously about the greenhouse gas
emission because it is causing global warming which is not at all good for the environmental
surroundings as temperature will continuously rise around the world. Moreover, as per the
findings it is also advised by the researcher that company should have to use renewable energy
because resources are limited and usage are unlimited. By using renewable resources it satisfies
the needs and expectation of society and stakeholders especially employees and environment. It
is because it is very safe. Clean and abundant as compared to fossil fuels and there exist multiple
form of renewable energy.
In addition to this, As per the above findings from secondary analysis, it is identified that
in today's era, company is recognised its contributions made in society and for stakeholders not
by the profit and sales and Apple Inc. is the highest by its revenues and sales across the world but
29

the CSR ranking is 67.9 which is not up to the mark. CSR report is very essential for the
businesses and it is very essential for Apple Inc. to present the CSR report annually. Researcher
also advised Apple Inc. in the above recommendations that Apple Inc. should use Social media
and post each and every endeavour and contributions in the society in order to beef up the
business.
As per the above findings, it was also identified that it is not optional for the company to
adopt the policies and strategies for Corporate Social Responsibilities in order to fulfil the needs
and expectations of stakeholder along with society. Each and every company either small or big
have to adopt CSR policies and strategies within organisation. Scholar also identified from the
authentic sources it does not matter that relationship exist between the selected variables and
Corporate social responsibilities but for the success of Apple Inc. CSR definitely matters a lot.
According to the above findings, Researcher also discover the several contributions made
by company for the betterment and welfare of the society and stakeholders such as Apple is
designing a new building which will completely made environment friendly as they committed
to plant 7000 tress and plants around the premises. Scholar also found that the packaging of
Apple Inc. is made up of recycled paper products that are environmental friendly. According to
the Greenpeace, Apple Inc. is the greenest highly advance technological enterprise across the
world.
But as per the above findings, researcher identified the contribution which are made by
Apple Inc. is not able to satisfied the expectations of society and stakeholders as well as do not
able to fulfil the terms and conditions of Corporate Social Responsibilities. This is fundamental
reason for the decline of CSR ranking of Apple Inc. Further, Scholar also founded some reasons
another reason by conducting secondary analysis. Lack of stakeholders engagement in CSR
policies as Apple do not give importance to the stakeholders engagement, lack of team and
leadership, low level of transparency and dated approaches are some peak reasons for the
downfall of CSR ranking of the company.
Thus, the above findings at the end sum-up that, it is very important for Apple Inc. to take
the concern of CSR very seriously either the relationship between selected variables and CSR
ranking exist or not. Corporate Social Responsibility is very important for the success of Apple
Inc. in coming time. The findings of the research indicates that CSR is crucial aspect for
30

organisation so that it may be able to attain profits by getting all its responsibilities towards
society as a whole. Thus, firm will attain success quite effectually.
31

CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
The above dissertation comes to the conclusion that Corporate social responsibilities is
the vital part in the success of the organisation irrespective to their size and scope. In today's era,
it is very crucial for each and every organisations to follow all the terms and conditions of CSR
so that company can be recognised by the people across the world. Moreover, the above findings
also discovered that on the reputation of the company, Corporate Social Responsibilities leads to
great impact. Moreover, the above analysis also summarised that company is earning the highest
profit but the CSR report is not productive than it surely affects the reputation of the company.
Corporate Social Responsibilities leads to the great impact on the mind of stakeholders, if
company's CSR report is fine then it leads to positive impact but if it is not up to the mark then it
will lead to the negative effect on the reputation of the company and it is true that public image is
the great weapon if the businesses.
From the above findings it was stated that in raising brand awareness of the company
among public, corporate social responsibilities is one of the most effective source for the
organisation. The benefits of CSR are countless from which some are shown in above discussion.
Thus, Corporate Social Responsibilities are the best part of the company to achieve the heights of
success. Further it was summarised from the above assignment that for Apple Inc. Corporate
Social Responsibilities is increasingly a top operator of stakeholder assistance.
The entire study was successfully being able to established the level of Corporate Social
Responsibility inherent at Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the company workers
and reached the aims and objectives in better manner. The above dissertation was conducted on
the activities of Apple's Corporate Social Responsibility and it was found that company is the
highest by its revenue and sales but the CSR ranking of the company is declining for last few
years. It is because the contribution made by Apple for stakeholders and society is not up to the
mark. No doubt, Apple is contributing good amount for the employees welfare and
environmental protection but it not able to satisfy the needs expectations of corporate social
responsibilities. It was identified from the secondary analysis that Apple is not able to satisfy the
needs and expectations of its stakeholders especially its workers and environment. The above
finding has discussed various reasons for the decline of the Apple's CSR ranking in the world.
32

The operation of Apple is not fair and firm is lacking in the transparency which is the
biggest reason for Apple downfall. In addition to this, it was also founded that, after the death of
Steve Jobs, the leadership quality was not up to the mark, as he was the person who was
managing as well as balancing all the things in very effective manner such as revenue and sales
with Corporate responsibilities. But now, company is mainly focusing on achieving great heights
by earning huge amount of profit and sales.
Recommendation
There are some recommendations that must be followed and implemented within Apple
Inc. in order to raise the performance of the company is Corporate Social Responsibilities as well
as to effectively and efficiently established the level of Corporate Social Responsibility inherent
at Apple Inc. with respect to the environment and the company workers. With these
recommendations or suggestions the ranking of the company will surely improve. Here are
following recommendations-
 First of all, the best leadership style should be developed within organisation so that, all
the agenda of company will be drive on the right path. It is very important that the culture
of CSR should be maintain in the company and it can only be maintain by effective
leadership style or approach (Jain, 2015).
 Apple Inc. should focus on implementing effective and efficient policies and strategies of
Corporate Social Responsibilities. First of all the reason behind the decline of Apple
ranking is lack of transparency, thus, this should be stop and they must practice
transparency. The way they are conducting the business should be open to all because it
is the age of information. Apple should make the strategies that boost the engagement of
its stakeholders.
 From the above analysis, it was recommended by the researcher that Apple should make
sustainable buying decisions it was noticed that in 2009, about 137 employees are
exposed to toxic substance because of bad quality of materials. This, Apple should test all
the materials before put in the progress.
 Further more, the above dissertation also recommended that Apple should build triple
bottom line thinking and raise the concern about addressing environmental as well as
social issues. Bottom line thinking leads to the heights of success because in today's
33

world, companies are remembered and recognised by the contribution made by them in
the welfare and betterment of the society not only by profits and revenues.
 Moreover, the above secondary analysis was suggested by the researcher that Apple
should use social media in its operations and keep the page always updated. They should
post pictures and news about any contribution made by the company in respect of
environmental protection, employees benefits and any other welfare and betterment of the
society (Goyal and Chanda, 2017). They should share all the information to stakeholders
what they are doing in addressing the environmental and social issues.
Thus, It was founded by the researcher that Apple is contributing for the welfare and
betterment of society but it was not enough. Hence, by following or implementing these
recommendations Apple will achieve the great height of success in CSR field because It is true
that if Apple Inc. will start taking seriously about the people as well as the planet, company will
be stay far from all the scandals and contradictions.
34

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Akpovo, S. M., Moran, M. J. and Brookshire, R. eds., 2017. Collaborative cross-cultural
research methodologies in early care and education contexts. Routledge.
Arora, R., 2016. Enhancement in employee skills and benefits to employees and organization
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