Leadership and Management: A Comparative Analysis

This article provides a comparative analysis of leadership and management, focusing on the roles, qualities, and approaches of leaders like Jacinda Ardern, Robert Mueller, and Satya Nadella. It explores the difference between leadership and management and discusses what makes these leaders successful. The article also highlights the importance of effective leadership and management in achieving organizational goals and increasing productivity.

Developing Leadership
and Management

Table of Contents
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Section 1..........................................................................................................................................1
Leadership and management.......................................................................................................1
SECTION 2.....................................................................................................................................5
Introduction of leaders.................................................................................................................5
Section 3..........................................................................................................................................8
Methods of leadership and management development................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management both are the term that are useful in smooth running of an
organisation and for this proper coordination must exist among both of them full stop in this
context it is important to understand that leadership is a significant part of effective management.
In this context leadership defines the prominent efforts that lead to influence the group efforts
regarding the accomplishment of prominent goals and objectives (Armstrong, 2016). Moreover
an effective manager must have leadership qualities but the leaders are the one who implement
the strategies in order to sustain competitive advantage. Therefore organisations need robust
leadership and Management for the optimal organisational efficiency. Away with this the report
is classified into three sections in which postman define the leadership and management with
their roles and responsibilities. Second section describes the critical comparison among three
great leaders with their leadership approaches and last section describe the comparison among
these leaders by analysing the critical skills and behaviours of these leaders.
Section 1
Leadership and management
Leadership is the activity and process which is uses by people in order to attracts and getting
the work done in effective time period. This is core principle of organisation where number of
people are observing a person who have different skills and talent to make understand the people.
This is ability by which an executive understand, direct, organising, guiding and influencing
behaviour of other in order to attain the business goals. The main aim of leadership is to
understand the problems of employees and get them solved that can help to increase the
organisational productivity and profitability (Demie, 2019).
Definition of Leadership
According to Sousa and Rocha (2019) An ability to evaluation and forecast a long term
plan that influences followers towards the achievement of organisational goals is consider as
leadership.
As per opinion of Tang (2019) Leadership is a mechanism under which another person
sets the aim or course for one or more other people and makes them step around with leader and
with each other in that course with integrity and complete dedication.
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As per views of Filyasova and Khrebtovich (2019) Leadership is the pursuit of a
objective with the help of human associates. A leader is the one who efficiently guards human
partners to accomplish particular goals.
Roles of leadership
Inspire trust – This means leadership is playing a vital role in inspiring the trust and
becoming credible leaders that can help to complete the task by working with all employees.
This is important for leaders to understand the needs of workers in organisation and provide
them best solution so they can manage business activities. It helps to increase the trust and ability
of workers by working collectively. In this, leaders are responsible for increasing employee
relation and maintain good performance (Roles of leadership, 2020).
Create target – Leadership is using to define and creating a particular target of
organisation as well as workers so they can get what they need to do. Whenever a goals is
decided by management in a organisation then it should be shared with leaders so they can
inform to workers and allotted them roles. This helps to get the opportunities for accomplishing
organisational goals and maintain high profitability. This further benefits to organisation by
competition with rivals and complete them effectively. In every organisation leaders are
responsible to create target and make efforts to accomplish them in certain period of time.
Execute strategy – Leadership has a major role in execution of strategy which is important
to maintain the business activities and increase the organisational profitability. Strategies are
important for running a business and these are formulated by management for running and taking
competitive advantages. Herein, leaders are playing an important role as it delegate the role and
assignment among employees as per their qualification and abilities that can help to maintain the
business at running position and getting benefits (Cabral, Oram and Allum, 2019).
Coach potential – This is another aspects of leadership and management where in leaders
are responsible to coach their workers by providing them training and development programme
that helps to workers to perform their actions. The leaders are playing a role coach person who
guides and instructs their subordinates in their organisation. This helps to accept the challenges
and changes in organisation so all activities can be performed properly. This is an opportunities
for organisation to getting the work complete in certain period of time. They are supplying better
quality of products and services that helps to maximize the revenues and market share .
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Models in relation to leadership:
Transactional model – This is a model generally used by people in organisation for the
purpose of maintaining interactions between two and more than two people. With the help of this
model, people can share their ideas to each other and complete the task. For example, Satya
Nadella who is the Ceo of Microsoft is following the transactional model in their organisation
for sharing information and interacting and completing the projects in certain period of time.
Situational leadership – This is another model of leadership that states leader and manager
of organisation should adjust their style that fit to the development of followers where they try to
influence people. For example, Satya Nadella analyses situation that arises in organisation and
use situational leadership in order to solve the situation complete the target.
Transformational:- This management style describes leaders as the role of followers to
build meaningful and constructive change. The transformative leader specializes in shaping and
changing leaders to support and look after each other by interaction through establishing
relationships. Increase the inspiration, confidence and success of his supporters as a whole team
to successfully accomplish its goal (Dobrovolskienė and et. al., 2019).
Definition of Management
According to Eltemamy (2019) Management is continue process of designing and
maintaining a effective working environment where individuals, working together in order to
accomplishing business goals.
As per view of Schell (2019) Management is a specific and distinctive mechanism
composed of the activities of preparation, coordinating, and coordination and control carried out
to establish direction and to accomplish specified goals through the use of human capital and
other tools.
According to Panchenko (2019) Management is a method of preparing, coordinating,
directing and managing the activities of the leaders of the organisation as well as the utilization
of the tools available to the firm to accomplish the goal set by the previous company.
Roles of Management
Planning – This is main role of management where a planning is done by managers in
order complete the activities and perform all functions effectively. This is first stage where
proper planning is required to maintain the business activities and accomplish the business goals.
For this, managers are responsible who are creating opportunities by making plans and setting
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the goals that states when to do, how and what to do. This helps to attain the business goals
(Pihlainen, Kivinen and Lammintakanen, 2019).
Organising – This means all planning which are done by management in order to run a
business and increase the organisation profitability. Management are playing a role of organising
all activities and functions that can help to maintain the good performance. With the help of this
all activities in relation to business can be organise in a proper form and help to accomplish the
business goals.
Directing – This means to provide a guidance and direction to employees who are
working in organisation. The manager of business organisation is responsible for directing and
guiding employees to run a business appropriately by accepting the challenges in their
organisation. This helps to increase the organisational productivity and profitability by managing
all performance (Birasnav and Bienstock, 2019).
Controlling – This is another roles of management in which manager control and handle
the business activities and goals that can help to make higher profitability. Managers are
responsible to monitor and control on employees performance and give them rewards for their
good performance that make happy and satisfied to employees.
Difference between leadership and management
Basis Leadership Management
Vision Establish the strategic direction
and reflects the vision
Develop process and set the
timelines.
To make plans and budget
Execution Motivation and inspire
Aims to fill basic needs of human
and labours (Noori Hekmat,
Dehnavieh and Beigzadeh, 2019).
Management take a low risk
approach to solve problems.
Monitoring and controlling process
Human
development
Communicate the vision, mission,
and objectives
Working collectively
High emotion
Delegation of responsibility
Limit employee choices
Implementation of vision (Lang,
2019).
Similarities between leadership and management
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 Leadership and management are both establish for the purpose of attaining the business
goals.
 Challenges accepted by leader and manager (Talapatra and Uddin, 2019).
 They motivate employees to getting the work done on time.
 Accomplishment of goals and objectives by completing their task and maintaining their
performance.
Justification and Conclusion
From the above discussion it has justified that leadership and management is the
continuous process that uses to run the business and increase the organisational productivity.
Leadership is the activity where leader are performing a role of coach, delegator, inspire trust,
create target etc. that helps to complete the goals. Management are playing a role of planner,
organiser, director and controller that can help to run a business and increase the organisational
profits (Soleimani and et. al., 2020).
SECTION 2
Introduction of leaders
Jacinda Ardern
Jacinda Kate Laurell Arderrn is a New Zealand politician and gives her services as a
leader of labour party since 2017. Moreover she is the member of parliament of mount Albert
since March 2017 and also elected to the House of Representatives in 2008. She was born in
Hamilton and grew up in Morrinsville in which she attended a state School and graduated from
the University of Waikato. Moreover she was unanimously elected as a deputy leader of the
labour party. Her father’s name is Ross Ardern who worked as a Police Officer and mother’s
name is Laurell Ardern what does the school catering assistant.
Robert Mueller
Robert Swan Mueller is the American lawyer and government official who offer his
services as sixth director to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Over he has served his services
both in private and public sector and also served as a Marine Corps officer at the time of
Vietnam War and also received a bronze star because of his services and a purple heart. Robert
Mueller was born on August 7 1944 in New York and has four younger sisters. Moreover his
father offered his services as a navy officer in the Atlantic area during the World War II.
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Satya Nadella
Satya Narayan Nadella is an Indian American business executive and chief executive
officer of Microsoft. Before becoming the CEO he was the vice president of Microsoft cloud and
responsible for running the computing platform of company. Nadella was born in Hyderabad
India and belongs from a Telugu Hindu family. His mother Prabhavathi was a Sanskrit teacher
and his father bukkapuram Nadella Yugandhar was and IAS officer. Along with this Nadella
attended the Hyderabad Public School and received his bachelor’s degree in electrical
engineering from the Manipal Institute of Technology in Karnataka.
What type of leadership they show
Jacinda Ardern
By considering her job role for leadership it is analysed that leadership is based on
sympathy love and integrity which indicate towards the servant leadership. As according to this
leadership and individual serve its whole life in order to provide services to many people in order
to offer them better life (Jacinda Ardern is showing the world what real leadership is: sympathy,
love and integrity. 2020). Moreover there are various qualities that define leadership in a way it
is quite clearly describe that she is hardworking and also has excellent influential skills as she
can easily communicate with the people. Moreover sympathy and love is the quality of a
leadership which she carries with herself for the world where it is quite tough to maintain and
develop communication with people.
Robert Mueller
Robert Mueller is the American leader who offers his services towards the political
affairs. In terms of this Mueller is the only leader who got good support from each and every
party in the America and also appointed as the special counsel in order to research about the
Russian interference within the US president election (Born a Leader: Robert Mueller, 2018). In
this context Robert Mueller leadership describe that he adopt democratic and participative
leadership style as because of this he include his followers and subordinates in order to take
prominent decisions and also consider their suggestions and opinions as well.
Satya Nadella
Microsoft has undergone from a transformation when Satya nadella took the reins of
Microsoft and become a top leader of the organisation as his approach is very different from the
other leaders which are quite kinder and gentler. In that case Nadella implement software
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leadership in order to motivate their employees when they face downfall in their life either it is
personal or professional (Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella on the 3 qualities that make a great
leader. 2020). Because of his leadership style it is quite easy to motivate employees and retain
the prominent talent within the organisation for the longer period of time. Moreover it is also
useful in facing the challenges as because of his soft approaches it becomes easy to deal with the
critical situations.
What makes them more successful?
Jacinda Ardern
There are various reasons by which she became more successful as prominent approach
is enabling people to cope with the changes. Jacinda Ardern motivates the citizens of New
Zealand in order to co-operate with government that is useful for her in gaining attention of
many people. Moreover by analysing the initiatives she has taken in order to respond towards the
pandemic describe various reasons that see take towards the National lockdown by offering
essential services food clothes and many more to needy people (Holmberg, Larsson and
Bäckström, 2016). Despite from this her polite kind and honest nature makes her more successful
among the other comparative leaders.
Robert Mueller
As mentioned in the above section Mueller is admired because of his honesty and
integrity as people adhere a strong set of principles in order to take responsibility regarding their
actions and exhibit integrity. Moreover Robert Mueller is the leader who bring inspirational
confidence in others because he believe that what is followers suggest them he will consider it.
In this context his adopted leadership style makes him more successful as it is useful for Robert
in becoming a ideal leader in the eyes of his followers (Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019). Due
to his selected leadership style is useful in boosting moral and motivation of his followers and
makes them feel important.
Satya Nadella
Leadership qualities which Satya Nadella carries with itself make him more successful as it
leads to improve the core culture of organisation. In that case employee engagement happiness
productivity leads to improve the business conditions and motivation level of employees
(Phillips and Phillips, 2016). Moreover Satya Nadella is also famous for making the right moves
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at the right time by considering the acquisition and Merger with LinkedIn which is now become
the world’s largest professional networking service.
Why people follow them
Jacinda Ardern
Jacinda Ardern has many qualities because of this many people follow her and she
become a social influencer. Empathy towards a survivor of Christ Church shooting and have
prominent actions for the execution of practical measures and refusal to be sucked into anti
Islamic offer a prominent lesson to other Nations (With respect: how Jacinda Ardern showed the
world what a leader should be. 2020). Moreover her response power came not from her physical
impress towards a survivor but also towards the symbolic gestures including wearing the Hijab
and refusing to use the name of chief suspect.
Robert Mueller
People follow Robert Mueller because of his kind nature and valuable insight quality.
Robert has quality in order to protect things for the future and also prepare regarding the disaster
by considering the risk factor and crisis which describe his prominent role and responsibility. In
this context Robert continuously change his mind set as a leader according to the situation in
order to deal with it that makes him an ideal leader (5 Lessons Business Owners Can Learn From
Robert Mueller, 2020).
Satya Nadella
Many people follow Satya Nadella and also consider him as their ideal leader as he is more
engaged towards the charity in terms of crisis and difficult situation by helping the poor and
needy people. His adopted leadership style generates energy while offering precision that is
useful at the time of uncertainty (3 leadership principles that helped CEO Satya Nadella make
Microsoft a $1 trillion-dollar company,. 2020). Because of this people face genuine passion and
enthusiasm which is important in order to persuade a good leadership quality. Moreover Satya
Nadella know how to drive success in any condition that leads to encourage people to work with
more passion and embrace their identities.
Brief Conclusion
Therefore, from the above discussion by considering the critical evaluation and comparison
of these three great leaders it is analysed that each and everyone carry their own leadership style
in order to become success in the market and make lot of efforts to make their reputation and
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image. Moreover, by considering the above discussion regarding the different leadership style
and it is analysed that the leadership style which is adopted by Satya Nadella that is softer
leadership is considered as the best from all of them. As it includes various leadership styles in it
including honesty, integrity and support all of them are present under this leadership style as it
makes softer leadership style more effective and efficient leadership.
Section 3
Methods of leadership and management development
Transactional – This is a type of leadership style which is uses to interact between leaders
and team followers. This is the procedure which starts team members and agrees to obey and
accept the changes effectively. The team member of organisation is able to improve their job
performance and employees satisfaction that helps to attain the business goals effectively (Clapp-
Smith and et. al., 2019).
Autocratic – This is another leadership style where decision is made by a leader who has
authority and power of make the decisions. This helps to improve the organisational
productivity. In this, all activities are performed systematically that helps to make right business
decisions.
Charismatic - This style of leadership is the tendency to trust more in the individual than
in the team members. It reinforces high accountability and needs a long-term dedication on the
part of the leader to accomplish a short-and long-term aim and purpose by making concerted
efforts to achieve a task and vision plan. It focuses primarily on building passion and making
energy workers the motivating force for them to move further.
Bureaucratic - This style of leadership stresses that the practice is largely based on
conventional approaches for transforming the world in a useful manner. Leaders of the
bureaucratic effort to fix the problems of an amazing player by regulating the powers of the team
and monitoring the flow of information. This type of work entails safety from risk by working
with machinery, toxic substances, cash handling, etc.
Propose a specific development intervention which would be appropriate for developing two (in
total) of the previously posed skills and behaviours
The comparison of leaders on the basis of their skills and behaviours:-
Features Jacinda Ardern Robert Mueller Satya Nadella
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Skills The skills of Jacinda
Aredern involves
management skills,
self-motivated, self-
discipline and
passionate to achieve
the business goals
effectively. With the
help of skills they can
achieve the success and
get the competition in
global business.
The skills of Robert
Mueller are of positive
minded, self-motivated
and trustworthy as it
they belief that legal
justice will play a vital
role that helps to
maintain the
capabilities and
increase the
organisational
profitability (Schafer,
Jarvis, and Levin,
2020).
The skills of Satya
Nadella is resilience,
communication
skills, creative,
delegating roles and
responsible as it
focus on developing
by making strategic
decision that helps to
give the opportunity
to business concern
and run a business
effectively.
Behaviour The action of Jacinda
Aredern is goal-
oriented, since it relies
primarily on its
purpose, most
definitely that there
may be certain
situations that need to
be successfully
resolved for the success
of the operational
objective and goals.
Robert Mueller's
conduct is based on
ethics and honesty by
fostering confidence in
the employees of an
successful team that
their actions will
inevitably contribute to
the achievement of
objectives.
Satya Nadella 's
actions facilitates
creativity by
strategizing fresh
strategies that are
impossible for rivals
to quickly evaluate.
This further promotes
engagement among
its employees
through the
reinforcement of
monetary and non-
monetary
compensation
benefits, bonuses,
degrees,
10

qualifications,
promotions, etc.,
which establish
employee
relationships through
teamwork.
Followers The followers of
Jacinda Arederrn is
enriched by the
compassion, affection
and generosity of their
leader. This limits fears
to persuade the leader
of their dilemma and
gives rise to
expectations that it will
certainly be accepted.
The followers of
Robert Mueller is
beneficial as he is able
to express his thoughts
and exchange
information with the
chief. The adherents
are not adequately able
to convince, as they
fear that if they are
wrong they might be
obligated by penalties.
The followers of The
Followers of Satya
Nadella are effective
in the actions of their
members because
they uphold their
promises and
maintain their
obligations. The
disciple does not
worry the leader as
he expands mutual
awareness and
satisfaction.
The followers of
Jacinda Arederrn profit
from the compassion,
affection and
generosity of their
leader. This limits fears
to persuade the leader
of their dilemma and
gives rise to
expectations that it will
certainly be accepted.
Robert Mueller's
supporters are
beneficial because they
are able to express their
thoughts and exchange
information with the
chief. The believers are
not properly able to
persuade, as they fear
that if they are wrong
in any way they might
The followers of
Satya Nadella are
effective in the
actions of their
members because
they uphold their
promises and
maintain their
obligations. The
follower is not afraid
of the leader because
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be bound by penalties. it establishes
commitment and
participation among
one another.
There are different skills which are important for leaders and it make them successful such as:
Communication – This is important skills which is required in a leader who can
communicate with employees effectively. In this, leaders of organisation share the information
with employees in relation to innovation and technology. They provide training and guidance if
is required and make a successful business.
Relationship building – This is another skills which is required in leader of organisation to
build the relationship with employees. This is also required skills that make a successful business
concern in competitive environment. Such as Satya Nadella, Jacinda Ardern and Robert Mueller
has relationship skills that help to maintain good relationship with employees, people and others
that influences to work effectively and maintain trust efficiently.
How the intervention would be implemented and how to measure its impact
It has concluded that leaders are those people who are focusing on employees need and
facing the problems efficiently so goals can be attained properly. The managers and leaders
should be implement their all leadership activities and performance so they can accomplish
business goals (Gümüş and et. al., 2020). Such intervention will be implemented in organisation
by using leadership skills and management theories that helps to run a business. If there is any
problems arises them methods will help to solve the situation and make higher profits.
CONCLUSION
By considering the preceding information it is analysed to that leadership and Management
is the parallel concept that is required within the organisation for the smoothening and
functioning of it. In order to achieve success within the dynamic business environment it is
required to both leaders and managers have proper coordination and cooperation among them
that makes their work more easy and also positively influence Their employees and performance
as well. In that case it is required by both leaders and managers to perform and pursue their roles
and responsibilities in an effective way that leads to motivate other individual and bring them out
from the difficult situations.
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