(PDF) Development of Teaching-Learning Materials

Developing Teaching learning
and Assessment in Education and
Training

INTRODUCTION
Teaching and learning is not as small topic as it is lot more than people think. In toady's
world, learning is very important for human to live a smooth life. Effective teaching learning and
professional development is important for the success and achievement of students. Teaching
learning is a continuous process that promoted teachers a teaching skills, master new knowledge,
develop new proficiency which in turn improve the learning of students. Training is also very
important for student as well as teachers to provide the best education to students. The role of an
English teacher will be presented in this assignment. This present report will present the theories
of behaviours management in order to creating as well as maintaining a safe inclusive learning
and teaching and also design assessments that meet the individual requirements of students. In
addition to this, theories, models of learning and communication. Further more, ways to promote
equality as well as value diversity by using various resources in teaching will also demonstrate in
this report.
TASK 1
Covered in PPT.
TASK 2
2.1. Design the resources that actively promote equality and value diversity to meet the identified
needs of specific learners.
Equality and value diversity is the action to promote as well as accept the difference
between people. Equality is all about ensuring a person are treated equally well as fairly and
Diversity is about recognising as well as respecting these differences to develop an all-embracing
atmosphere. It is very essential for teachers as well as students that promote equality and
diversity. It is very important for teachers to create an environment in a class that have the
atmosphere of equality. There are so many things that promote equality and diversity by so that
teacher can meet the needs of learners in specific manner.
Setting clear rules and regulations- It is very important that in a classroom or school
there should be a clear rules as well as regulations with regard to how students and teachers must
be treated in the class. By setting the rules, there will be a sense of fear in the mind of students
that if they will hurt any student than he/she will be punished.
By treating all students and staff fair and equal- This is also one of the best way to
promote equality and diversity in the class rooms so that there will be a good atmosphere in the
1

class. It is the responsibility of a teacher to ensure procedure as well as policies of against
discrimination.
Multicultural themes will be used- This is also an important resource that teacher can
used to promote a sense of equality and value diversity in the class. Multi-cultural themes are the
activities that explore different cultures, customs, traditions and involve each students should
have to participate in the activities.
Books and Journals will be used- Teacher should reach and provide books and journals
of different authors that has written a very good articles on equality and diversity.
The act of Equality should be thought – There are some acts like The Equality Act 2010
and it is very important for teacher to introduce this act. This act offers a legal protection for
those citizens with one or more than one features such as age, disability, gender, race, religion,
maternity and pregnancy, sex etc.
2.2 Demonstrate flexibility as well as adaptability in the use of inclusive learning and teaching
approaches, resources and technologies.
Inclusive teaching and learning and learning is the creation of the environment of
learning which provides all students with the opportunity to fulfil their own potential of learning
as well as support other to learn. It is very important for a teacher to adapt flexibility in its
teaching style so that in class there will be a good working environment. I am English teacher
and I perform all possible assessment in accordance with the inclusive techniques of teaching by
presenting both adaptability and flexibility to help students to get them assessed. There are some
ways that support flexibility and adaptability which are as follows-
Help Student to solve there problems- This is the best way to present flexibility and
adaptability in the use of inclusive teaching and learning. When any students did not able to
solve there problems than it is important that teacher should help him/her to solve the issues.
Teacher should motivate students rather than scolding. For Example, In my school, I used to
solve problems of students by making a group of students, so that more ideas will come up.
Using smart apps and technologies-Using of technologies while teaching to students
brings flexibility as well as adaptability in teaching and learning. It is fact that technologies can
run long distance for helping students. Addition to this, technologies like touch screen tablets
also provides a great help students suffering form ASD and autism especially in writing and
2

reading. For example, in my classrooms I used to give my lesson by using projector which make
easy for me to serve many students jointly and students are also happy with it.
2.3. Presenting ways to promote equality and value diversity in my own teaching.
I am very particular with my words and thoughts. My first aim of teaching is making
culture in the classroom that consist of the environment of equality and diversity. It is a very big
responsibility of mu job to manage diverse needs of groups of students. Thus, I have to give my
best in order to create an environment of harmony and equality among students during my
session of delivery. I used to interact with students with variety of cultures and background so
that I can come to about the particular culture. After taking some knowledge of culture and
traditions, I formulate strategies and plan to bring them in unity. I also learn what is good and
bad by exploring variety of religions, races, cultures. With this, my teaching style will help to
polish my teaching style.
Moreover, I also explain all the rules and legislation that government has formulated to
save the rights of person. I always treat all students and staff fair and equal which is also the best
way to promote equality and diversity in the class rooms so that there will be a good atmosphere
in the class. I also taken a responsibility of ensuring all the procedure as well as policies against
discrimination. Furthermore, I also used multicultural themes as it is also crucial and strategic
way that I used to promote a sense of equality and value diversity in the class. I used to explore
different cultures, customs, traditions and involve each students should have to participate in the
activities. I also celebrate all the festivals of al the region and religion so that I can promote sense
of equality and diversity in my session.
I also distributed books form library of my school on equality and diversity so that each
and every student can learn and understand about the importance of equality and diversity. Apart
from this, I have also set good and talented performance of the year in my teaching session
irrespective of colour, race, caste, culture. I used pedagogical techniques and I used to monitor in
timely manner and always make efforts to remove any aspect of discrimination if it yet exists.
Such practices bring forward imperceptible optimistic change in my students feeling equal as
well as valued irrespective of any race or class.
3

2.4. Communicate with learners, learning professionals as well as other to meet individual
learning needs and boost progression.
It is fact that, sharing of knowledge with each others in teaching and learning experience,
we can help each other is assessing our students through the best and updated methods. At
English department level, I have developed a good and efficient communication with other
professional from my senior as well as my juniors. I am very particular with my skills and
knowledge, I always want to grow more. I think, I am good but it is not enough. Apart from
preparing my lesson plan, I always keep discussing several areas related to the topic and I like to
learn deeply of any topic related to my professions or other as well with my friends, juniors,
subordinates and colleagues. I read books and articles of authors so that I increase my knowledge
and deliver it to my students in class. In order to keep pace with the time, I also participate in
training and development programs, various campaigns so that I can remain updated with the
current pace of time. In order to provide close focus on the achievement of students as well as
precious source of information for my curriculum planning, this communication is set out. Apart
from this, my senior also advise me to do informal communication from new students so that
they will be comfortable to share there background skills and knowledge. Thus, haring of
knowledge with each others in teaching and learning experience, we can help each other is
assessing our students through the best and updated methods.
2.5. Explain how own delivery of inclusive teaching and learning has taken account of theories,
principles and models of learning and communication.
There are some models, theories and principles of learning and communication that I
used when I deliver of inclusive teaching and learning.
Cognitive theory of learning is the most important and useful theory of learning as it is a
wide theory that demonstrate thinking and differing mental process as well as how they are
impacted by external and internal elements to produce leaning in person. I use this theory when I
deliver my lesson in the class by observing, forming as well as categorizing generalizations
about our environment.
I also used the principle of learning while delivering of inclusive teaching and learning
to my students. I always encourage relationship between me and my students. I also encourage
active learning. I used to give feedbacks as soon as possible to students.
4

There is a model of learning which I used I my teaching style in order to give the best
knowledge to students. Kolb's learning model is the best model as it recognized the requirement
in order to address differences in individual learners. There are four steps which I used to follow
are active experimentation, concrete experience, reflective observation and abstract
conceptualization.
Communication skill is the heart of delivering of inclusive teaching to students, without
this skill it is not possible to deliver efficient services to learners. For that-
I use Shannon and Weaver model of communication and make my skill good and
efficient. It is usually called mother of all the models of communication. According to this
model, sender used to deliver and receive the message with the help of technological channels
which are telegraph and telephone. With the help of this model, there is an effective
communication established between me and my students that resulted in the best delivery of
teaching.
When I deliver my lesson to students I used some principles of communication which
are message should have completeness, correctness, clarity. These are the most essential
principle for me to deliver inclusive teaching to students.
TASK 3
3.1. Design assessments that meet the individual requirements of students.
While designing assessment for my students and I ensure that the designed methods of
assessment are also meeting the needs of the individual students.
Key Area Individual Student Needs Assessment Adaptabilities
Scribe Students who are suffering
with a physical disability can
utilize scribe in order to help
them to get there ideas into
paper.
Such individual assistance can
be furnished outside of an
exam hall so that it might not
disturb the other students.
More Time There are some medical
condition like Dyspraxia and
Dyslexia that make students a
I will give more time to those
students outside the class work
so that they compete there
5

slow learner as compare to
other. It is very tough for them
to catch or write or speak the
questions.
homework as well as
coursework on time.
Exam Phobia Exam phobia is very common
in some students that they
develop the fear of exams.
There are many students who
suffers with physical and
mental side effect's.
Those students who are
suffering from exam phobia, I
used to organize a small test in
class and seat them in the same
class instead of in hall.
Written Vs Verbal There are some students who
are not able to write as fast and
accurate as compare to other
students. They feel stress in
writing.
Those students who are not
able to write as fast and
accurate, for them I used to
organize and give
opportunities to them to give
exams verbally.
3.2. Demonstrate flexibility and adaptability in using types as well as methods of assessment in
order to meet the need of individual learning.
I am very particular with my words along with the teaching style, I am very flexible
person, I adapt changes if possible. As an English teacher, I perform all the possible assessment
at the end in according with the inclusive techniques and methods of teaching by presenting both
flexibility as well as adaptability to help each and every students to get them learned. Students
who are suffering form any disability or impairment, I used to make special arrangements which
are adaptable to students of disability like using of scribe. On the other hand, learner who are not
able to see or blind students, I offer them to learn and give there exams verbally. I put all my
efforts so that any students who are not same as others or who are facing any difficulty, I arrange
all possible arrangement to make them learn so that they feel flexible and adaptable so there
needs and requirements can be met.
6

3.3. Demonstrate the use of assessment data.
In teaching, it is very important for teacher to monitor the achievements, attainment and
progress, setting targets for students, planning subsequent session for them and recording the
results of assessment. I am an English teacher and I am very serious about the performance and
results of my students. Thus, I devise a strategy or plan of assessment for my students and
always keep the continuous results of there assessment throughout the entire session. After the
assessment, I evaluate or measure the previous result with present results of assessment. I there is
improvement, I appreciate but if any students is declining than I arrange extra classes for them.
In addition to this, I also set a target for each students by use of blend of almost all types of
assessment models, techniques and theories in order to identify the needs of students.
On the other hand, I also planned a subsequent session for students so that students can
improve there weaknesses nearby or immediately so that student can learn as well as improve in
right way. I also organize discussion in class so that students can speak and share there problems.
Furthermore, I also hold class test for students so that they exam phobia will be eliminated from
there personality. At last time of the session, I used to organize summative assessment test or
final test that evaluate the final performance and knowledge of student. At this time, there is not
chance left for student to reassessed. Students who passed the exams are move forward and
students who are not able to clear will improve in next session.
3.4.Communicate assessment information to other professional with an interest in learner
achievement.
It is reality that, sharing of knowledge with each others in teaching as well as learning
can assist each other is assessing our learners through the best methods. I am a teacher and I have
learned so many things in my job, I have developed a good and efficient communication with
other professional from my senior as well as my juniors. I always want to grow and develop my
skills. No one is perfect and I also think that I am not perfect. Beside, preparing my lesson plan, I
used to discuss respective areas related to the topic and I like to learn deeply of any topic related
to my professions with my friends, juniors, subordinates and colleagues. I read books and articles
of authors so that I increase my knowledge and I like to share it with my students. In order to
keep pace with the time, I also participate in training and development programs, various
campaigns so that I can remain updated with the current pace of time. In order to provide close
focus on the achievement of students as well as precious source of information for my
7

curriculum planning, this communication is set out. Therefore, sharing of knowledge with each
others in teaching and learning, we can help each other is assessing our students through the best
methods.
3.5. Explain how own assessment practice has taken account of models, theories and principle of
assessment.
Theories, Models and principles are very important for making the best assessment
practice in teaching and learning.
There is theory of assessment which I used to make my assessment practice effective and
efficient is Kirkpatrick Four level of evaluation. According to this theory, assessment should be
start with lower level and then it should be move to lower level. Four level are reactions,
learning, transfer and results. Reaction includes how contestants react to learning or teaching
either there are satisfied or not and what are there reviews so that further improvements can be
done. Learning is the second level and it beyond the satisfaction level of students and they are
satisfied with my teaching style. Transfer is the third level and it has arisen in students
behaviour. This level demonstrates the assessment of trust effectiveness of trust programs. Result
is the fourth level and this is the entire reason for learning or teaching.
Principles are also very important for my assessment practice. I used to consider all these
principles in my assessment practices. There are four major principles of assessment which are
reliability, fairness, validity and flexibility. I use to asses each and every student with fairness.
These all principles are very essential so that I can treat each and every students equally and
students trust is also increased if my assessment practices is fair, reliable, flexible and valid.
These principles help me to raise my skill and knowledge in assessment practice.
TASK 4
4.1. Ways in which minimum key elements can be presented in planning, assessing and
delivering inclusive teaching and learning.
There are minimum four skills that are very important for teacher in delivering inclusive
teaching and learning to learners. It is very essential that teacher should have these key skills
which are literacy, numeracy, language and information & communication technology (ICT). In
my subject of English, I must posses skill of literacy, language and Information &
communication (ICT) and these skills are difficult one to fit into the lesson. During my oral
session, I used to speak in English and make them all to speak in English. I am very good at my
8

language skill. For example, the way of selection I used to include minimum key skills in my
lesson planning which I used to deliver to my students are:
 Literacy- Hand-outs will be used, written homework will be set and self
participation on written board, reading, spelling check, writing, grammars of own
work of students.
 Language- speaking, teaching and listening.
 Information & Communication Technology (ICT)- maximum use of computer
for work, using activities of e-learning, use of emails, applications, digital
devices, programs, software and video conferencing.
Thus, these are the ways in which minimum key elements can be presented in planning,
assessing and delivering inclusive teaching and learning. These key skills will enable me to teach
the best of my subject as well as it also support the development of skills of students in efficient
manner.
4.2. Apply this core elements in planning, delivering and assessing inclusive teaching and
learning.
I have applied all these key skills in planning of my lessopn by implementing skill of
language, literacy and Information & Communication Technology (ICT) by undertaking, case
studies, various types of research and giving presentation on written basis to the students. Apart
from this, students are getting the largest help by presentation by raising the skill of language
like speaking and listening. Beside this, the method or technique of assessment like analysis of
case study as well as writing of term paper that I used to make will raise the skill of literacy that I
conduct will make students to searching resources from internet and utilize the blogs of
classrooms for suggestion form friends that will automatically develop as well as improve the
skill of ICT. I also give assignment on computers that will also increase the typing and
researching skills of students which in turn leads to improvement of ICT skills. ICT skills is very
important for each and every person in today's era because all the work is now on computer,
paper system is decreasing day by day. ICT skill is not necessary only in my subject but as whole
it is very important for students. As a whole, my plan of teaching will be improved by including
or considering all these core skills that are very necessary for my subject. BY applying these
skills in students, the entire performance of students will be raised.
9

TASK 5
5.1. Analysis the applications of pedagogical principle in own area of specialism.
Pedagogical principle is a framework that inform actions of teaching, judgement as well
as strategies of teaching by taking theories of learning and understanding the needs and
backgrounds of students along with the interest of students into consideration. I am an English
teach and I use this principle to make my teaching practices efficient and effective. Teaching is
not as small topic as it is lot more than people think. In order to learn as well as understand the
concept of learner interest and behaviour by applying two key principle of a good pedagogy
which are motivation, exposition, direction of activity, criticism and inviting imitation. These are
two principles that make my teaching practise efficient and effective. I used these principles so
that I can bring specialism in my teaching practices.
Motivations- Motivations is the essence of each and every work. It is true that none of the
work can be accomplished or executed by any person without motivation. Teaching is the canny
art of intellectual desire. All the instruction of a teacher will be obeyed if there is sense of
motivation and it is directly or indirectly depends on the personality of teacher as well as the
relationship with students. I have a good relationship with my students, I used to motivate my
students prior giving the instructions.
Exposition- Generally it gets a bad reputation or image. It is transmissive, caste the
student in a passive role and can often be dull. Beside this, it is comparatively inexpensive as
well as easy to provide. But if it is well done than it can be motivating. It gives an opportunity to
develop presence as well as personality. In order to achieve the good exposition or reputation, it
is very important to have knowledge of particular subject. I have a good exposition in-front of
my learners.
5.2. Measure the effectiveness of use of innovative and creative approaches in own area of
specialism.
Applying innovative as well as creative techniques of learning and teaching to classes is
very effective and fruitful for both students and teachers. Innovative learning makes the students
creative There are three bases from which effectiveness of use creative and innovative
approaches in classrooms can be measure are:
10

Skills of Visualization- Visualization skill is the ability to create a picture of mind based
on text we read or words we hear. It is one of many skills that makes reading apprehension
possible. If student are equipped with visualization skill than they will understand, recall as well
as think critically about the concept of English deeply. Apart from this, this skill sometimes leads
to misunderstanding, it is not always true that the picture created in mind is always right.
Wisely managed classrooms technology- I used various innovative technologies in
providing knowledge to students in class such as computers, tablets, digital cameras, GPS device
and technology of video conferencing in order to raise the learners leaning experience. Even my
teaching practices is also improved a lot by using advance technologies. The disadvantage of
using excessive technology makes the students much more dependency on technologies.
Active learning- This include instruction from peers, discussion groups as well as
collaborative problem solving. Group discussion is the best part of providing eduction as
students can share there knowledge, experience and problems. I make groups of the students and
gave them a topic to search online and discuss in the classrooms. Students also share what they
have learned with there peers.
TASK 6
6.1. Use initial and diagnostic assessment to agree learners individual goals and learning
preferences.
An initial assessment provides the basis of where learners have to begin there studies. It
is therefore an essential as well as imperative part of the process of agreeing students learners
goals. Thus, I use varieties of activities, questionnaire, one to an assessment groups work and
quizzes where self assessment can be applied, these methods of assessment assist to determine
the actual performance of students and then set target accordingly. In order to determine the
strength and weakness of students, its is very important to use initial and diagnostic assessment.
Assessment can be oral, written, visual and kinaesthetic. Diagnostic assessment is second level
of assessment as it is the assessment of specific skills. In my classroom I used to both initial and
diagnostic assessment once in a month so that so students can achieve there goals by overcoming
there weaknesses.
11

6.2. Devise a scheme of work taking an account for the needs of learners, internal and external
requirements and delivery of model.
I have make a scheme of work has been devised keeping in views of needs of learners,
internal and external model and the delivery of model and are devised in order to meet the needs
of learners as well as curriculum content of session plan.
Subject: English Year: 2017 Term: First (8 weeks)
Name of instructor: John Decade Date of Preparation: August 15, 2017
Unit Time
Estimated
Chapters Learning
Outcomes
Delivery
Models
Assessment
Models
Grammer 5 Tense, Active
and Passive
Gain
knowledge of
basic concept
of grammars
as well as
speak in
English
fluently.
Lecture,
Audio, Notes,
Black board
Assignment
home work,
practice,
discussion,
surprise
quizzes,
presentation.
Poetry
Writing
3 Rythem
making,
Sentence
formation.
Gain
knowledge of
making
sentences.
Lecture,
Audio, Notes,
Black board
Assignment
home work,
practice,
discussion,
surprise
quizzes,
presentation.
6.3. Devise teaching and learning plans
Subject: English
Topic: Issues in vocabulary of students.
Duration: 3 hours
12

No. Of learners: 25
Teaching Aids: Duster, Lecture notes, Power Point Presentation, White Board, English
Grammer.
General Aims: To enable the students to gain knowledge of ongoing Issues in vocabulary of
students.
Specific Aims: To enable students to speak in English fluently.
Division of Time: Lecture: 45 Minutes
Student Activity: 45 minutes.
Special needs of Lecture: 20 Minutes
Ending Notes: 10 Minutes
CONCLUSION
The above report concluded that, effective teaching learning and professional
development is important for the success and achievement of students. Teaching learning is a
continuous process that promoted teachers a teaching skills, master new knowledge, develop new
proficiency which in turn improve the learning of students. This report also make understood the
Alfie Kohn and William Glaser theories of management of behaviour and applied in classroom.
Further, this assignment also include demonstrate flexibility as well as adaptability in the use of
inclusive learning and teaching approaches, resources and technologies. Moreover, this
assignment also explain the delivery of inclusive teaching and learning has taken account of
theories, principles and models of learning and communication and assessment.
13

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Silverman, J., Kurtz, S. and Draper, J., 2016. Teaching and learning communication skills in
medicine. CRC press.
Roberts, J., 2016. Language teacher education. Routledge.
Harlen, W., 2018. The teaching of science in primary schools. David Fulton Publishers.
Metzler, M., 2017. Instructional models in physical education. Routledge.
Van Merriënboer, J.J. and Kirschner, P.A., 2017. Ten steps to complex learning: A systematic
approach to four-component instructional design. Routledge.
McKenney, S. and Reeves, T.C., 2018. Conducting educational design research. Routledge.
O'Neill, R.E., Albin, R.W., Storey, K., Horner, R.H. and Sprague, J.R., 2015. Functional
assessment and program development. Nelson Education.
Reece, I. and Walker, S., 2016. Teaching, training and learning: A practical guide. Business
Education Publishers Ltd.
Cohen, A.D., 2014. Strategies in learning and using a second language. Routledge.
Fullan, M., 2014. Teacher development and educational change. Routledge.
Assiter, A., 2017. Transferable skills in higher education. Routledge.
Elbaz, F., 2018. Teacher thinking: A study of practical knowledge. Routledge.
August, D. and Shanahan, T., 2017. Developing literacy in second-language learners: Report of
the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth. Routledge.
Darling-Hammond, L., 2016. Research on teaching and teacher education and its influences on
policy and practice. Educational Researcher, 45(2), pp.83-91.
Capel, S. and Whitehead, M., 2015. Learning to Teach Physical Education in the Secondary
School: A companion to school experience. Routledge.
Akyol, H., 2017. Türkçe ilk okuma yazma öğretimi. Pegem Atıf İndeksi, pp.1-300.
Ekanayake, S.Y. and Wishart, J., 2015. Integrating mobile phones into teaching and learning: A
case study of teacher training through professional development workshops. British
Journal of Educational Technology, 46(1), pp.173-189.
McEwan, P.J., 2015. Improving learning in primary schools of developing countries: A meta-
analysis of randomized experiments. Review of Educational Research, 85(3), pp.353-394.
14

Gaudin, C. and Chaliès, S., 2015. Video viewing in teacher education and professional
development: A literature review. Educational Research Review, 16, pp.41-67.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., Irvine, C.K.S. and Walker, D., 2018. Introduction to research in education.
Cengage Learning.
Evans, D., 2016. Practice learning in the caring professions. Routledge.
Spector, J.M., Merrill, M.D., Elen, J. and Bishop, M.J. eds., 2014. Handbook of research on
educational communications and technology (pp. 413-424). New York, NY: Springer.
Leberman, S. and McDonald, L., 2016. The transfer of learning: Participants' perspectives of
adult education and training. Routledge.
Griffin, P. and Care, E. eds., 2014. Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills: Methods and
approach. Springer.
Kolb, D.A., 2014. Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development.
FT press.
15