Tourism and Cultural Heritage

This assignment delves into the relationship between tourism and cultural heritage. It requires students to analyze various aspects of this intersection, including the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism on cultural sites. The assignment incorporates a review of scholarly literature on tourism sociology, geography, and the role of films and television in shaping tourist perceptions. Students are expected to examine case studies, such as the 'Disneyfication' of Lhasa, to illustrate these concepts.

HERITAGE

Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................3
Task 1....................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Growth and development of the heritage and cultural industry in UK......................................3
1.2 Potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources.................................4
Task 2....................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Assess the goal of heritage and cultural attractions in meeting the requirements of various
visitors..............................................................................................................................................5
Task 3....................................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Assessing the effect of various kinds of ownership...................................................................6
3.2 Roles and responsibilities of corporation...................................................................................8
Task 4....................................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Evaluating methods and media used for interpretation............................................................9
Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................11
References..........................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Heritage tourism provides better opportunity to national and international tourists for
understanding of incredible values of historical places. Cultural tourism is subset of tourism which
aids all visitors to get aware about the lifestyle of people at different locations, their history,
religion, art and other cultural things in the country (Alegre, Cladera and Sard, 2013). United
Kingdom (UK) has vast history in heritage and cultural tourism sector. It attracts many national and
international visitors to visit these places. The present report represents the growth and development
of heritage and cultural industry in UK. It defines purpose of heritage and cultural attractions in
meeting the requirements of various visitors. Further, it describes different type of ownership for
management of heritage sites in United Kingdom. In addition to this, it also explains roles and
responsibilities of firms in heritage and cultural industry.
TASK 1
1.1 Growth and development of the heritage and cultural industry in UK
Heritage and cultural sector has done appropriate growth and development in United
Kingdom. It helps to provide employment opportunities and improve contribution in GDP (Gross
Domestic Product) for heritage and cultural sector. In addition to this, government emphasizes to
develop and renovate museum and historical places. They also add many ancient things to attract
tourists to visit these sites again. These efforts also contribute in playing effective role to increase
frequency of visitors in United Kingdom (Azariah, 2012). Due to these reasons, this sector is
growing as compare to past years. Authorities of UK earn effective income and revenues by taking
charges from national and international tourists to visit these places in the nation. Government of
United Kingdom spends much money to develop many heritage and cultural sites from generated
income effectively. For example, authorities of UK also repairs and renovate the Tower of London
to maintain its importance in the world. In addition to this, government of United Kingdom resolves
much issue like employment, shortage of resources to increase growth and development of this
industry. For example, heritage tourism provided 209390 jobs to local citizens of UK. These things
also helped many people to get appropriate job in the nation. Effective human resources help in
improving the heritage and cultural tourism operations which aid to grow this industry in United
Kingdom (Heritage and the Economy, 2013).
Government of Britain focuses on establishing hotels and resorts to provide better facilities
to visitors at tourist destinations in the nation. In addition to this, they provide huge help to increase
this sector in UK. For example, authorities offer loan facilities on lower interest rate, provide land
for infrastructure development to many hospitality organization like Star woods and Thomas cook
in the country. Further, they also motivate small and medium organizations to come into tourism

sector to provide effective services at popular tourist destinations. These types of effective efforts
also encourage local and international visitors to visit historical and cultural places in United
Kingdom. They also increase frequency of tourist in those sites as comparison to previous years. As
per report of historic England, it was found that 58. 6 million people come to visit only heritage and
cultural sites in the UK.
Further, heritage and cultural sector also help to increase the contribution in Gross domestic
product by providing various types of services and facilities to visitors in the United Kingdom. As
per historic England data, Heritage and cultural sector gave 14 billion contribute in GDP. It was also
greater than records of 2010 in the nation. This sector has also earned 61.1 million pounds profit per
year with help of all these efforts in the United Kingdom (Heritage and the Economy, 2013).
In addition to this, Government of UK provides transportation services like buses, trains as
well as planes in affordable price to the international and national tourists to reach tourist
destinations. Further, authorities of UK also provide online facilities by which tourists can arrange
their transportation facilities like taxi and cabs. Apart from that, they also encourage many private
tour-operators which help visitors to visit these historical places in United Kingdom. This process
also increases the profit heritage and cultural sector in the nation (Baddeley and Font, 2011). It also
contributes to play effective role for the development and growth of this sector in Britain.
1.2 Potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources
International agencies face many potential conflicts in conservation of heritage and cultural
resources in Tibet. It is stated below in the paragraph:
Potential conflicts
Intercontinental hotel suffers with various issues in Tibet. This thing also affects its
infrastructure development and other operations in the country. Enterprise is faced with political
conflicts such as London-based Free Tibet to boycott from nation. This issue has generated adverse
effects in order to manage its operations of intercontinental group. In addition to this, domestic
people have created severe problems for managing their business in Tibet. Further, Chinese
government also interrupts the operations of nation. Mainly, they wanted to build new heritage and
cultural locations in order to develop heritage and cultural industry in the country (Buda and
McIntosh, 2013). These interruptions have disappointed people of Tibet and created issues for
conservation of heritage and cultural resources.
Reasons of conflicts
There are many social groups, local communities as well as local citizens who have created
many problems such as political conflicts for expansion of global projects in Tibet. Mainly, citizens
of nation who do not want improvement in heritage-and culture as they think that it would reduce

the natural beauty of area. This process can be responsible for environment pollution in the country.
Further, this development can enhance the frequency of visitors which can produces interruption in
life of people as well as local societies in the nation. In addition to this, many local groups are also
against the operations of Chinese government in Tibet. Education level of people is not so effective
as compared to other countries. As a result, they have created disturbances to manage operations
like expansion of travel and tourism activities of intercontinental group in the country
(Vandenbrink, 2013). These things produce complexities for conservation of heritage and cultural
resources in Tibet.
Possible solutions
As per case study, there are many opinions to reduce these problems in Tibet. Government
of nation should increase education in people which can contribute to play effective role for them to
get aware about conservation of heritage and cultural resources. Further, International agencies
should offer employment opportunities to local people for their effective growth in the Tibet (Burns,
Palmer and Lester, 2010). These methods can aid hospitality organization to establish its business in
optimistic manner in the country. These practices also help people to become loyal and honest
towards intercontinental hotel in Tibet. This way, enterprise can decrease its political issues in the
nation. Further enterprise should focus on environment friendly activities like plantation of trees,
marathon as well as Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) for appropriate improvement of
Tibetan people. These types of efforts can help the management of intercontinental hotel to develop
positive image in the mind of local citizens and societies (Dallen, 2011). With the help of these
solutions, international agencies can reduce complexities among people at Tibet. As a result, it also
helps to secure heritage and cultural resources in the nation.
TASK 2
2.1 Assess the goal of heritage and cultural attractions in meeting the requirements of various
visitors
Research, entertainment, recreation and education are used to meet needs of various
customers like students, families, children, media as well as scientists in order to attract for heritage
and cultural sites in United Kingdom. It is represented as follows.
Heritage and cultural attractions associates various historical places and museums in Britain.
For example, Natural History Museum and British Museum authorities conduct many operations
such presentation of documentary film on the historical sites to lure various kinds of tourists like
scientists, media, students as well as children (Damonte, Collins and Megehee, 2012).
Research helps to fulfill the needs of tourists by attracting towards heritage and cultural
sites in the country. Authorities of Natural history and British museum can give appropriate

knowledge to people regarding artistic, scientific facts as well as cultural activities. This approach
contributes effective role to create appropriate awareness by explaining specialty of museum to
students, researchers as well as scientists at cultural and heritage places. It aids management of
museums to lure maximum tourists to meet their requirements at historical sites (Aktas, Aksu and
çizel, 2003). This way, Natural and British museum complete their goals to increase attraction
towards heritage and cultural sites in the mind of tourists. Authorities of these places also perform
many operations like renovation of places in a regular time intervals. In addition to this, they also
conduct deep research to add valuable ancient things to maintain value of Museum front of tourist
every year. In addition, this approach lures researchers and students for further study on British and
natural history museum (Becken and Hay, 2007). It also aids in increasing popularity of these
historical sites in the world which attract towards them.
The main goal of Cultural and heritage attractions give effective information with help of
learning method. It helps the children, media and researchers to know value of the Natural history
and British museum. This way, management of authorities gives appropriate knowledge about
culture, history as well as artistic valuable things to national and international tourist at these
historical sites in United Kingdom (Boniface and Cooper, 2009). In addition, this thing also
contribute effective role for visitors to increase its attraction towards British and natural history
museum in the nation.
Objectives of cultural and heritage attractions give better entertainment in order to meet
needs of various visitors like children, scientists, students to get aware regarding culture, old life
style and ancient things of people at historical sites. These things also help in increasing the
frequency of tourists in British and natural history museum (Dallen, Timothy and Danie., 2006).
With help of this process, they can provide appropriate entertainment for visitors at heritage and
cultural sites.
Goal of heritage and cultural attractions aid in performing creative activities like developing
new paintings and grouping of ancient things. This process helps in maintaining the value of
Natural history and British museum. Further, it contribute to play effective role in meeting the aims
of students, media, researchers as well as culture lovers at historical sites in United Kingdom. These
kind of creative actions also help to enhance frequency of tourists which produces better profit and
revenues for natural history and British Museum in the nation (Damonte, Collins and Megehee,
2012).
TASK 3
3.1 Assessing the effect of various kinds of ownership
There are many types of ownerships which are used in heritage and cultural sector. Some of

them are described below the paragraph.
 Proprietorships- It is operated by single person. Proprietorship does not require more paper
work for handling heritage and cultural destinations in the nation. As per Dann and Liebman
(2009), This business is also categorised under private sector. In this approach, only one
owner is liable to manage all activities which are performed for cultural and heritage sites in
the country. The main objective of this ownership to earn more profit in this industry (Dann
and Liebman, 2009). On the other side, there are many issues in proprietorship business.
Single person is responsible to manage business related risk like debts, loans and court
judgements which also increases issues for him (Hall and Clayton, 2009). For example,
Blenheim palace is the famous place which is handled under sole proprietorship in the
United Kingdom.
 Partnership- This ownership is handled by two or more people to organize business
activities of historical and cultural sites in UK. This process needs more documentation as
comparison of another business. As per Hall and Page (2006). the main purpose of
ownership is earn more income from heritage and cultural sites in the United Kingdom.
Further, this business also comes under private sector in the UK. Partnership ownership also
reduces risk of business because many operations are organized by two or more people
which provides huge reliability to manage the work of historical sites in the nation (Hall and
Page, 2006). However, it creates more complexities to take any type of decision for
development of business due to different perception of individuals. This process creates
problems in various development activities of heritage and cultural sites in the nation
(Inskipp, 2008). For example, Blaenavon Industrial Landscape is also hold partnership
ownership in United Kingdom. Limited Partnerships- This type of ownership is very costly, complex to establish and
manage in the nation. It does not suggested for the small business owners due to lot of issues
in managing business activities. According to Iwashita (2008), Limited partnership is started
by organization or group of members who take investment from public in order to expand
development activities of historical and cultural sites. Further, The main aim of this
ownership is to produce more income and profit from visitors by giving them different
facilitates in the historical sites (Iwashita, 2008). Further this business more emphasize on
social work in nation. James (2000), general associates control and organize day-to-day
action of handling heritage and cultural operations at historical sites in the nation. They are
also liable for business debts, court judgment, loan settlement and other allegations. They
have managing power for taking and implement daily business decisions in the business

(James, 2000). For example, Derwent Valley Mills is best example of limited partnership
which was situated in 2001 in Britain.
 Public- It also associate government in this business. In the public ownership, maximum
shares are contained by government which is responsible in managing historical and cultural
destinations in United Kingdom. According to Sharpley (2010), goal of public business
provides effective services to visit heritage destinations in the nation. Then after, they focus
on earning profit from tourists in UK. This type of ownership has many benefits to organize
different activities in the business. In addition to this, local authorities also use their
resources to develop heritage and cultural sites in the nation. In addition to this, public
business organizations also get exemption in service and income tax in United Kingdom.
Further, this ownership also decreases the chances of risk to manage various operations of
heritage and cultural sites in the nation (Sharpley, 2010). However, it takes more time to
implement any type of development decision at historical site in the country. For example,
London eye is contains Public ownership which is handled by government.
3.2 Roles and responsibilities of corporation
Generally, every enterprise plays different roles and responsibilities in heritage and cultural
industry.
Role and responsibilities of Heritage Lottery fund
Heritage lottery fund (HLF) is government organization in United Kingdom. This
organization contribute effective role for allocate money to development of arts, charities, health,
education, environment, heritage as well as sport activities. Percentage of money is also fixed on
various area. As per data, HLF firm allot 20 percent money on art development which also
encourages art activities in the United Kingdom. Further, Heritage Lottery fund spends 40 percent
monetary funds on charities, education as well as environment which also help to create effective
awareness regarding heritage and cultural sites in people of UK. In addition to this, enterprise also
expend 20 percent money on improvement of heritage sites which contribute effective to attract
many visitors in United Kingdom. Further, HLF also consumes 20 percent money on development
sport areas which aid to develop this activity in the nation (Our history, 2016). This way,
organisation contribute effective role in improving heritage and cultural sites in the United
Kingdom.
Heritage Lottery fund is also responsible for managing corporate information, research and
evaluation as well as strategy planning for development heritage and cultural sites in United
Kingdom. In addition to this, corporate information also helps the organisation to know about
present trend and lifestyle of people in the nation. This process also aids to make new strategies for

better improvement of historical and cultural sites in the country. Further, HLF prepares strategic
plan as future demand of people in order to increase importance of this sector in UK. A part from
that, it also conduct research and evaluation to analyse present value of heritage and cultural sites in
the Britain. This thing also aids the Heritage lottery fund to allocate money for further expansion
and improvement of specific heritage and cultural site in the country (Our history, 2016).
Role and responsibilities of English heritage
This organisation is registered charity trust which help to manage heritage and cultural sites.
It is come under government in the nation. It helps in managing domestic heritage collection in
heritage and cultural sector in United Kingdom. English heritage also associates 400 historical sites
and monuments in the nation. Further, organization is also securing more than 5,000 years of
history of UK. Organization manages London Blue Plaques scheme for effective development of
heritage and cultural sites. This thing directly relates with historical figures in the nation. In addition
to this, English heritage contribute effective role to define history of Britain front its national and
international tourists. Further, organization also gives appropriate efforts to earn better income and
profit from all type of visitors in the nation. These efforts also help to improve 400 historical places.
In 2014, English heritage earned revenues of 86706000 pounds in Britain.
Main responsibility of organization is to conserve and secure approximate 400 heritage
tourist destinations and monuments in UK. Corporation does not take any type of charge from
visitors at least 250 heritage sites such as Dorsett, Maiden Castle and St Catherine's Oratory to
motivate them to visit heritage and historical sites in United Kingdom. Organization is liable for
enhancing frequency of tourists in historical places by adding valuable ancient things, developing
historic sites in the nation. In addition to this, English heritage emphasizes on infrastructure
development to provide attractive and dynamic look in order to increase this sector (Our vision and
values, 2016). Further, organization gives appropriate entertainment to its visitors by defining the
history of ancient historical places in the nation. This way, English heritage can effectively conserve
culture and heritage sites of United Kingdom for the future tourists.
TASK 4
4.1 Evaluating methods and media used for interpretation
There are many methods of of media such as tour guides, kiosk machines, documentary
films, education fest as well as posters which are used for interpretation within heritage and
cultural industry for visitors.
 Tour guides- According to Ur Urry and Larsen (2011), British and The Natural History
Museum are appointed many tour guides for providing proper information to visitors

regarding its ancient things and history of Britain. This method also provide effective
reliability to gain different type of knowledge to tourists in the nation (Ur Urry and Larsen,
2011). In addition to this, it also attracts many other visitors to visit the British and natural
history museum in UK. However, these approaches create problem for international tourists
to understand importance of heritage and cultural sites due to language barriers of tour
guides (Becken and Hay, E. 2007).
 Kiosk- Generally, it is digital machine which help to describe various types of information to
visitors. As per the Buda and McIntosh (2013), British and the Natural history museum are
installed many Kiosks machines which contribute effective role for visitors to know about
the historical and cultural fact and figures like their specialty (Buda and McIntosh, 2013).
For example, any national and international visitors can read about these museum in all
languages which give huge reliability to gain various information. On the other side, it
creates problems to access knowledge due to technological issues in British and the Natural
history museum (Burns, Palmer and Lester, 2010).
 Documentary Films- Generally, it contains video films regarding history. Dallen (2011),
British and the Natural history museum represents documentary films to define history in
systematic manner which provide huge reliability for visitors to know about old lifestyle of
people and history of ancient kings (Dallen, 2011). This method contribute effective role to
entertain tourist in the British and the Natural history museum. According to Dann and
Liebman (2009), documentary films provide brief history regarding ancient things which
create issues to know the complete details for visitors (Dann and Liebman, 2009).
 Education Fest- British and Natural history museum also organize education fest for
researchers and students within year in United Kingdom. According to Hall and Clayton,
(2009), management of authorities demonstrate various types of ancient things to provide
effective information to many visitors at historical sites in the nation (Hall and Clayton,
2009). In addition to this, fest method also contribute effective role for management of
museum to increase exchange of culture with international visitors. This way, British and
Natural history museum can spread their culture in appropriate way which encourages
heritage and cultural activities in the nation (Azariah, 2012).
 Posters – As per Burns, Palmer and Lester, (2010), British and the Natural history museum
also uses poster and template to provide brief information about many civilizations as well
as ancient things which provide effective knowledge to domestic and foreign visitors
(Burns, Palmer and Lester, 2010). In addition to this, posters method also help to
management of historical sites to cover all areas for provide abbreviate information to

visitors.
CONCLUSION
From the report, it is found that growth and development effectively helps in enhancing
frequency of visitors in the heritage and cultural sector. Possible of solutions contribute effective
role for intercontinental group to establish their business in Tibet. Further, different type of
ownership like proprietorship, partnership as well as public business also helps to manages various
business activities to manage operations of heritage and cultural sites in United Kingdom. In
addition to this, role and responsibilities of Heritage Lottery funds as well as English heritage
organization also help to expand this sector in the nation. It can be concluded that tour guides, kiosk
machines, documentary films as well as education fest also aid the national and international
tourists to interpret effective information of British and natural history museum in United Kingdom.

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