Organisational Behaviour Report

This report analyzes the influence of organizational culture, politics, and power on individual and team behavior and performance. It evaluates content and process theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs and expectancy theory. The report also explains the characteristics of effective teams and discusses various concepts and philosophies related to organizational behavior.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Analyzing the way organization's culture, politics and power influence individual and
team behavior and performance..................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P.2. Evaluate Content and Process Theories...............................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P.3. Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team..........................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P.4. Concepts as well as philosophies related to organizational behavior..................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is the essence of all business. Leadership plays a key pro-vital
role in the business. In order to achieve objectives and goals, the behaviour of people plays an
essential role. The growth and development of organizational behaviour is crucial. Employee's
personal beliefs, background, experience and feelings; all are included in the worker's behaviour.
In order to manage and understand the behaviour of individuals, there are some scientific
theories and models. Moreover, at workplace, the behaviour of people or workers have a great
influence. In the present report, David and CO Limited company is chosen. This is a medium
sized company of Food and Beverages in the UK. Turnover is about £10 to £20 million. The
main objective of this assignment is to analyse influence of organization's culture, politics and
power on individual and team behaviour as well as performance. Content and process theories of
motivation and techniques are also discussed in this report is order to achieve the organizational
goals.
TASK 1
P1. Analysing the way organization's culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance
Culture, politics and power have a great influence on individual and team performance
and behaviour. The entire organization depends on culture and atmosphere at the workplace. The
manner in which an individual or workers behave in the organization wholly depends on culture
and politics of an organization. David and CO Limited is the medium scale company of food and
beverages. In order to understand and analyse the prior culture of the company (Cole, 2018). Any
company can apply Handy's social theory. The fundamental areas of company are its culture,
power and politics. It is essential to do proper improvement and development of the behaviour of
each and every individual in organization. Slight changes in the organization lead to failure or
success and so, it is essential to have positivity in the organization. David and CO Limited is
implementing Charles Handy's which help in understanding the behaviour in company. There are
four elements in this theory which show that the most significant things is the way to live life.
All these elements describe the culture of each and every individual in organization which is
directly related towards organizational goals. This theory has the most powerful impact on
thinking of modern management. In order to create more humanitarian style of management,
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handy's model has great role in organizational development and leadership. The four dimensions
are as follows-
 Individuals - In David and CO Limited, employees are always valued and worth in the
organization. It is essential for organization to adopt this culture. For an individual
culture, individual is more concerned about their own rather than for company.
Employees come to work only, not for any kind of attachment or love and affection but
this kind of nature is not good at all. In order to achieve the organizational goals, it is
very important to get attached to the organization. Still, the employees of David and CO
Limited are not happy with management of company as top authorities of enterprise are
not interested in the interest of employees which does not looks good (Hilton, 2017). It is
very important to make strong relations with workers and subordinates in company.
Togetherness culture in the company makes healthy and happy atmosphere at working
place.
 Power – In the working environment, Power has a bad reputation. Everyone in the
organization needs more power which they already have. Influence and power are closely
interrelated; it is not easy to tell apart. There are some companies in which power always
remain in few hands which is sometimes not good. Major decisions are always taken by
them. People holding major power in the management of company enjoy advantage at
workplace. Rules, policies and instructions; all are delegated by them to all the workforce
in company. In David and CO Limited, power is in wrong hands as they are misusing
these powers. They are giving instructions in very hard voice and treating workers in very
harsh way. The management of company has to manage and control the power in order to
make healthy and happy environment at workplace.
 Politics - This is the best social elements inside the organization. Politics is the best
factor in the organization which either leads to success or failure. All the companies
working in this environment, always possess political factors in the firm, as it has great
influence on the behaviour of people working in the organization. Mostly, top authorities
plays the role of politics, either they think for the betterment of company or for their own
sake. Political factors has both negative and positive impact of the development and
growth of the company. In David and CO Limited, the employees are transferring their
powers into human action then they will sure enough and dynamic towards politics of
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governance. The issues related to legislation leads to number of issues and clashes inside
the company (Kim, Kim and Reid, 2017). In David and CO Limited, top authorities are
playing amusements in the company to get advantaged and bonus with no tireless of work
whereas lower level of employees are doing immense of work but they are not getting
any reward.
 Role - This ethnic framework that all the employees ought to be divided which is based
on the part and responsibilities they perform inside an organization. The part of the
employees in the company is delegated on their ability, information and capabilities. The
instrument of the parts and responsibilities among the workers ought to be trained
lawfully. The part of each division of work at working place is instant and should have
been performed in the most idealistic way. The David and CO Limited company superior
management was not that many compelling and neglected to perform better which shows
disappointment in the employees and moreover influenced their work in the organization.
These nulls of culture represent the part and duty of employees will be separated by their
capabilities. As in the David and CO Limited the best management can improve and
develop the situation parts and duty yet the lower level worker are not ready to apprehend
their parts and obligations in the organization (Kitchin, 2017).
TASK 2
P.2. Evaluate Content and Process Theories.
Motivation is the heart and soul in any business. It is very important for organization to
have motivational skills in the employees in order to achieve the targeted goals and objectives of
company. The enquiry on inspirational revealed that there are two worthy components which can
be related to the motivational theories formulated for employees inside the company. Content
and process theories are the most important models of motivation. Majorly there are two
components of Content and Process models which can be attached with specific end goals in
order to motivate the workers working in the company (Guastello, 2013).
Content Theory- This is the best motivational theories which is formulated to determine
the needs and wants of people working in the organization. In order to draw the best inside the
employees, content theory is applied. Each and every person working in the organization have
some needs and wants which is considers in the category of necessities. David and CO Limited
company implementing this theory in its operation in order to fulfil the needs of their employees.
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To attain or reach the heights of success, it is very essential for company to satisfy the needs and
wants of employees. David and CO Limited company is rendering reward, bonus, prizes in order
to motivate their workers as well as improve their performance. The needs and wants of workers
are slightly similar to each other such as social needs, self-respect and development needs.
In content theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is included.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory- This theory is given by Abraham Maslow in
1943. This theory is entirely based on human motivation. It comprises five dimensions model of
human needs (Barbaranelli and et.al, 2018). This theory assumes that there is hierarchy of five
needs with each and every person. These five needs are as follows-
1. Physiological needs- Physiological needs consists of basic needs of air, water, food,
clothing and shelter. It is majorly based on basic amenities of life. It is very essential for
company to fulfil the basic requirements of employees unless it is not fulfils then it is
very difficult for company to make employees towards achieving there goals and
objectives.
2. Safety needs- Safety needs consist of security and protection which an individual needed
in the organization while working. For example- Service security, financial security,
health security, retirement security and many others which motivate the employees
towards achieving the goals and objectives of company.
3. Social needs- Social needs considered love and affection, kindness, care, and friendship.
It is very crucial for organization to spread the atmosphere which belongs to love and
affection, care and kindness in the organization (Baig and et, al, 2018).
4. Self-esteem needs- Majorly there are two types of needs, Internal needs and external
needs. Internal needs consist of self-respect, confidence, achievements, success, freedom
and competence while external needs consist of power, credit, position, attentions and
amazement.
5. Self-actualization needs- This needs is somewhat different from others. This consist of
desire of a person to become capable and what are the abilities to become. This element
includes the requirements of growth and development as well as acquiring more
knowledge, innovation, social service and being artistic.
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Process Theory- This theory is also based on the motivation. This theory is dealt with
the procedures of motivation and are concerned with how motivation occurs in the employees. It
is a system of ideas that justify how an organization modifies and develops. There are number of
process theories such as expectancy theory, equity theory and many others.
Expectancy theory- In the history of motivation, this theory is the best and the most
essential theories. This theory is given by Victor Vroom. This theory emphasis on the process as
well as on the content of motivation. It is the mental state which is based on choice or choosing.
The expectancy theory assumes that behaviour results from awake choices. There are three
elements of the expectancy theory such as expectancy efforts, performance and valence. This
theory highlights the significance of outcomes representing a valuable reward for the individual
participating.
Equity theory- This theory is also belongs to Adams Equity Theory. It is the theory
which is based on the ideas that individual are motivated by fairness. If any employees find
insecurities in the input or output magnitude relation of themselves and there groups, they will
desire to alter there input in order to attain their perceived equity (Akkermans, Seibert and Mol,
2018). The main elements of Adam's Equity theory is balancing the workers inputs and outputs.
Input includes there skills, knowledge, hard work, enthusiasm, efforts and so on and output
includes salary, bonus, benefits.
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TASK 3
P.3. Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Affectivity in team is only arises when there is cooperation. Cooperation is the essence of
the business. Effective team denotes by its skills and knowledge and qualities the team members
posses. There special traits, characteristic and qualities make them different from others. People
working in a group has strong bonded relationship within the members of team. In order to make
effective team, the main and must elements is cooperation among the employees as well as
within the team (Goh, Ritchie and Wang, 2017). There are some key importance points which
enables David and CO Limited to create effective team are as follows-
 Mutual understanding- Team working created mutual understanding among all
the workers in organization or team. In order to make or achieve quality of work,
mutual understanding is best. In the organization there are number of issues and
conflicts arises, if there is mutual understanding these all issue and conflicts are
settle down at their own level rather than coming to top authorities. In David and
CO Limited the workers working in the company and team have high level of
mutual understanding.
 Promote unity- Working in a team promotes unity in the company. The most
essential part of company is working and bringing unity. The performance of
workers is developed and grow only by unity in the organization. Any employees
in the company is facing any issues and troubles prove their concern in team. In
David and CO Limited there is lack of unity among the employees.
 Identify the issues- Working in a team leads to identify the issues and troubles
easily. Team leaders have ability and quality to identify the issues and troubles
prevailing in a team. He always tries to resolve the battles, issues and find out the
proper solution. The team leaders of David and CO Limited are educated and
posses knowledge and skills to solve and identify the issues.
 Participate in decision making- In order to build effective team, it is very
essential to give opportunities to each and every members in decision making. By
taking their views and ideas, they feel confidence and they feel more and more
motivated. If the workers feel valued their performance and quality of work, both
will be improved and grow (Gkorezis and Petridou, 2017).
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 Equal Opportunities- In order to make or build effective team, it is very
essential to have equality in the organization as well as in team. If there is any
holiday, rewards, incentives or any kind of benefits, it is very essential for team
leader to inform each and every member of team. Moreover, if company is
organizing training programmes by experts, it is important to inform all so that
they take advantages of training.
 Development of Skills- Cooperation leads to improvement of several skills in the
workers. Workers will learn to agree on many situations and settlement of battles.
Individual learn to work collectively, sharing and caring skills also develop in the
company.
 Listening capacity is developed- Team working leads to develop listening
capacity. It is very much important to listen someone. Listening ability creates
bonded relationships. It helps in building cognitive development of members. It
sometimes happens in the organization that employees has to listen for that things
which they have not done, but listening is good rather than arguments and
commenting.
 Improvement in job satisfaction- Cooperation in team helps in building
satisfaction towards job. By cooperating working place will become healthy and
happy. In David and CO Limited the working environment and atmosphere is
good enough.
 Bring down misunderstanding-Cooperation in a team brings down ample of
misunderstanding in a team or company or at working place. When workers are
separated in groups than there is possibility of occurring of misunderstanding
within the team member. David and CO Limited is trying best in encouraging the
level of cooperation which helps in achieving the targeted goals and objectives.
 Building positivity at working place- Cooperation in a team makes the working
place builds positivity at working place. By cooperating each other, employees
feel happy and satisfied. In order to build positivity in the organization, David and
CO Limited is fulfilling all the demand and needs of employees which helps in
creating positivity in the campus.
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 Creating healthy competition- In order to make and create healthy competition,
cooperation within the team members is key element. Giving bonus, rewards,
prizes helps to create healthy atmosphere in the organization. By creating healthy
atmosphere, the performance of work will automatically develop and grow.
 Effective communication- Cooperation in team results in effective
communication which helps in creating effective relationship in the workers.
David and CO Limited has a solid correspondence transmission channels inside
the administration which boost the system to pass the messages, and duties and
rules to the workers in much better way (Ehlers, 2017).
TASK 4
P.4. Concepts as well as philosophies related to organizational behaviour.
There are various ideas, perceptions and sentiments which is directly related to the
organizational behaviours. These all perception is about the style and different activities of
business which are to accomplished within the company. Concepts and philosophies related to
the behaviour of organization are as follows-
Institutional Theory- This theory is very essential theory for an organization as it is
based on social interaction among employees. This theory helps in boosting social relations and
interactions at the working place. In order to make the employees stress free, it is very necessary
to have social interaction among the people working in the company. By interacting to each
other, workers feel good and stress free. In the company, workers should have permission to
interact with each others. They should be allowed to share their ideas, issues or anything which
may be personal as well. By implementing or applying this theory in the company it will help in
making the environment and atmosphere of the company flourishing and happy. David and CO
Limited is implementing this theory in the campus in order to make employees stress free.
Custodial Theory- This theory is entirely based in the resources related to finance. This
theory directs to the leaders and managers in the company to render appropriate path or guidance
to employees to develop and grow and maintain effectual working place in the company. David
and CO Limited is applying this theory in order to provide systematic working conditions to their
employees.
Pragmatic Theory- It is the theory of trust and honesty. This theory also said that the
entire growth and development of company is depends on the behaviour of employees. In order
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to generates the optimistic outcomes, it is very essential to fulfils the wants and demands of
internal and external environment. This theory assist in motivating workers to develop their
knowledge and skills and overcome the challenges in the company. Further, it will also help in
taking opportunities and benefits which is spreading in the environment. In David and CO
Limited, this theory of motivation is implemented at the working place in order to improve and
develop the performance of employees and makes them effective and efficient.
Autocratic theory- This theory is majorly based on resources which is related to
economic and finance. This theory directs the leaders or managers of the company to provide
systematic guidance as well as direction to support. In order to execute or accomplish the work
from employees, leaders or managers of the organization utilizes their powers and make the
work completed. In David and CO Limited the management of high authorities are using their
powers in correct manner because there are strict rules and policies which helps in controlling
the powers of top authorities (Burrell and Morgan, 2017).
Supportive theory- This theory is related to the issues and problems which an individual
suffer while working in the organization. This theory is much more concerned about the troubles
and difficulties facing by the employees. Leaders or manager must have to resolve the issues and
difficulties and identify Baig, J., and et,al, 2018the best solutions. By their support, the
performance of employees are improved and developed. Such leaders also considered in
motivating employees to increase and improve the performance in the activity of decision
making or any other business concern.
Collegiate Theory- This theory belong to the law of equality. As per this theory, each
and every individual works at a single platform and coordinate with each others. It majorly
focuses on the cooperation within team or organization. David and CO Limited is implementing
this model in order to achieve the best working place by operating on a single platform. By
working on a single platform, manager and leaders can monitored the performance as well as
give instructions to do right work. This theory also aids in maintaining effectual and bonded
relationship with employees and top level managers. It also brings unity in the company.
All the above models and theories help David and CO Limited company to make their
working place the best and achieve the goals and objectives of company in much effectual ways.
David and CO Limited is implementing all these models in order to motivate their employees
and achieve the organizational goals and objectives (Balwant, 2018).
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CONCLUSION
The above report concluded that the entire organization is depends on the organizational
behaviours. The culture and politics as well as social influence the behaviour of team and
organization. Further, Institutional Theory, Custodial Theory, Pragmatic Theory, Autocratic
theory, Supportive theory and Collegiate Theory is also concluded in this assignment. Moore
over, this report also makes understood the Affectivity in team is only arises when there is
cooperation. Cooperation is the essence of the business. Effective team denotes by its skills and
knowledge and qualities the team members posses. There special traits, characteristic and
qualities make them different from others. People working in a group has strong bonded
relationship within the members of team. In order to make effective team, the main and must
elements is cooperation among the employees as well as within the team.
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