This report discusses various strategies that could be used by Boo.com to implement digital marketing techniques. It covers traditional and digital marketing, website optimization, search engine optimization, social media marketing, and content marketing.
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Running Head: DIGITAL MARKETING DIGITAL MARKETING Name of Student Name of University Author’s Note
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1DIGITAL MARKETING Table of Contents 1. Introduction......................................................................................................................3 2. Traditional and digital marketing....................................................................................3 2.1 Introduction................................................................................................................3 2.2 Differences between traditional and digital marketing..............................................3 2.3 Investment in digital marketing.................................................................................4 3. Website optimization.......................................................................................................5 4. Search Engine Optimization, Social Media Marketing and Content Marketing.............7 4.1Search Engine Optimization (SEO)............................................................................7 4.2 Social Media Marketing (SMM)...............................................................................8 4.3 Content Marketing...................................................................................................11 5. Pay-per-click advertising (PPC) and Online Display Advertising................................12 5.1 Designing an effective Pay-per-click advertising....................................................12 5.2 Use of pay-per-click and Display advertisement.....................................................15 5.3 Designing an effective Display advertising.............................................................16 5. 4 Budgetary implications...........................................................................................16 5.5 Relevant laws and guidelines...................................................................................18 6. Email Marketing............................................................................................................18 7. Analytics........................................................................................................................20
2DIGITAL MARKETING 7.1 Ongoing analysis and management of digital marketing methods..........................20 8. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................22 References..........................................................................................................................23
3DIGITAL MARKETING 1. Introduction Digital marketing can be referred to a term that is used for measurable, targeted as well as interactive marketing of various products or various services that use digital technologies for reaching viewers turn them into their customers and then retain them. For successfully delivering the digital marketing strategies within a pan made by an organization, the organization should make sure that the customers are provided with useful engagement content. Without any digital marketing strategy that is effective, the business might not be able to gain new customers along with losing the current customers (Baltes 2015). This would as a result cause the organization to lose their competitive ability as well as their share in the market place. This report discusses reading various strategies that could be used by Boo.com in order to implement digital strategy techniques. Various techniques and tips that could be utilized by the company are mentioned below in details. 2. Traditional and digital marketing 2.1 Introduction Traditional manner of marketing involves various businesses to advertise their services or products on the print media, television commercials, radio, business cards, bill boards and many other mediums. In these mediums social media websites and internet were not allowed to employ for advertising (Schegg and Stangl 2017). Policies of traditional marketing had limited rehabilitee of customers and scope of diving the buying behavior of customers. 2.2 Differences between traditional and digital marketing
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4DIGITAL MARKETING Differences between traditional and digital marketing are as follows Traditional marketingDigital marketing In this form of marketing the medium of communication is usually letters, phone calls or emails. Inthismarketingthemediumof communication is usually through chat, email and social media platforms. Inthisprocesscampaignsconsumemore time for, preparing, designing and launching. Thisprocessalwayshasafasterwayto develop a specific online campaign and make changes along with its development. Using digital tools make campaign easy. This is carried out for a particular group of audience. In this process, the content is for general public.Thenitismadetoreachtothe specificaudiencebyemployingvarious techniques of search engines. Table 1: difference between traditional marketing and digital marketing (Source: created by author) 2.3 Investment in digital marketing Boo.com can invest their revenue in digital marketing because of the following reasons It is proved to be the most powerful form of marketing. Using tactics if digital marketing can prove to be the most cost effective way for marketing the business of the organization. Digital marketing is one of the most measureable forms of marketing. Digital marketing would help the organization to allow it to target their ideal buyers.
5DIGITAL MARKETING Usually people are on social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter and many more; hence digital marketing would help the company to reach to their customers. SEO and local SEO would the help the organization to reach up to qualified buyers on the online platform. Digital marketing would help Boo.com to adapt to their strategies as well as tactics for good results. 3. Website optimization Website optimization can be defined as a process where some changes are made in the website. These changes are done so that the website appears at a higher position in the search engineresultpages(Buchanan,KellyandYeatman2017).Thewebsiteoptimization techniques that could have been followed by Boo.com in order to enhance their performance are as follows File compression:web pages are constructed from various code files like HTML and JavaScript. When the complexity of web pages starts growing, the complexity if codes grow as well (Buchanan, Kelly and Yeatman, 2018). This also increases their load files. File compression could be used by Boo.com in order to reduce their code files up to 80%. This would have helped Boo.com to improve their site responsiveness. Codeminification:codeminificationhelpsindistinguishingdiscrepancies among the codes that are written by various website developers and ways how various network elements interpret the code. Minification could be used by the
6DIGITAL MARKETING company in order to remove extra spaces and comments along with crunching variable names and minimizing codes. Lossy compression:techniques of lossy compression, similar to the ones used with numerous audio files for removing unnecessary header information and low image quality on numerous high resolution images (Chaffey and Smith2012). The changes could have been used by the company. The changes like pixel complexity or gradation of color are very transparent to end users and do not affect the image’s perception. Imageoptimization:theoriginalphotosshouldnotbeuploadedbythe organization on their website. The original pictures are usually too heavy. Tools such as TinyPNG, JPEGmini, Karaken.io and many more could have been used by the organization in order to reduce the picture size along with maintaining the quality around the original one. 301 Redirects:redirects usually kill performances. The organization could have avoidedredirectswheneveritwaspossible(Charlesworth2014).Redirect generates additional round-trip times and it also doubles the time that is required to load HTML document before the specific browser starts loading other assets. Hotlink protection:hotlink protection can be referred to restricting the HTTP referrers for preventing various unauthorized users from embedding their assets on various other websites (Cheuk, Ramayah and Atang 2017). The organization could have used hotlink protection in order to save the bandwidth by prohibiting various other sites from showing the images of the website.
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7DIGITAL MARKETING Web font performance:web font performance like Google fonts is that they provideextraHTTPrequeststovariousexternalresources.Webfontsare generally rendered blocking. The organization would have prioritized based in choosing the styles they need, browser support, keep character sets around minimum and many more. 4.SearchEngineOptimization,SocialMediaMarketingandContent Marketing 4.1Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Search Engine Optimization plays a very important role in helping a business to grow successful. Developing a proper strategy for SEO is the most important and time consuming part of the entire process. There are several steps that could have been followed by Boo.com for attracting, retaining and engaging with customers are as follows Set Objectives:the actual purpose of SEO is to rank well in various search engines for driving traffic to the website of the organization. This would not be effective of the organization does not know its target audience and the website shows up to the audience that actually does not care about the organization (Chaffey and Smith 2012). The organization need to know its target audience well regarding their demographics, search preferences, search patterns, geographic location and many more. A proper way to do this is to dive into the organization’s Google Analytics account. After the audience is set, objectives can be set easily.
8DIGITAL MARKETING On-PageSEO:On-PageSEOhelpsvarioussearchenginestounderstand regarding the website of the organization. The basic step that should be taken is to ensure that the search engines are able to crawl into the organization’s website andfindtheirvaluablecontent(Dodson2016).Inordertodothis,the organization must ensure that they have proper internal linking without any broken links and including unique content, proper page load time and good navigation. Keyword research can also be done easily in this step because they would be helpful for optimizing the content. Off-page SEO:links are considered as the basic factor that is followed by a search engine to rank websites. As a result, a link building plan should be strategized for attracting some inbound links to their site. Similar to link building, earning links naturally is also important (Tutenand Soloman 2017). Making connections with the target audience is very important for the organization, doing this would make people know about them and link back to their website; this as a result improves their SEO. 4.2 Social Media Marketing (SMM) The popularity of social media marketing has made it important for every organization to produce strategies for implementing social media marketing. The strategies include a summary of everything an organization plans to do as well as desire to achieve on social media (Kannan 2017). The strategies for SSM guides the actions and lets the organization know if they are succeeding or not. Some steps that should be followed by organizations for social media marketing are as follows
9DIGITAL MARKETING Step 1:Set specific goals for social media marketing which aligns to various business objectives. Without any goal, an organization cannot measure its success (Chaffey and Smith 2012). Every goal set by the organization should be specific, attainable, relevant, and measureable and time bound. Step 2:Learn everything about audience, learning their audience is an important fact for the organization. The planning of turning media fans into their customers is a critical fact for the business. Creating audience personas can be helpful to the organization because it allows them to think regarding their potential fans and customers as real individuals with real needs and wants, this would also help them to think clearly regarding what has to be offered to people. Real world data should be gathered by the organization. Picture 1: Real world data on people using Facebook (Source:Ryan 2017, p. 70) Step 3:Conducting a social media audit, if the organization has followed the steps and started using social media tools, they should take few steps back and check what they have done or accomplished (Karjaluoto and Ulkuniemi 2015).
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10DIGITAL MARKETING The organization must ask themselves some questions like what is working and what is not? Who is connecting to them on social media? Which social media sites does their target market make use of? How does their social media presence compare to their competitors? Once they have gathered the data in a particular place, they would have a proper starting point for strategizing ways they could improve their results. Social media audit can be carried out using template available for it. Picture 2: Social media audit template (Source:Tuten and Soloman 2017, p. 93) Step 4:creating a social media content calendar, sharing good content is very important but having a plan for that is equally important. This planning includes the plans regarding the content which can get maximum impact. This calendar also produces schedule for the company and find out time foe them where they would invest in interacting with audience (Karjaluoto, Mustonen and Ulkuniemi
11DIGITAL MARKETING 2015). They should also create a posting schedule that would include details regarding the posts that they would make and the content of the posts. The content should be meaningful and must impose some messages to the audience. 4.3 Content Marketing The channel of content marketing is one of the fastest growing in the present digital sphere. Content marketing has numerous significances, 80% of companies have agreed that the role of content in marketing would keep growing as the push marketing stops being effective (Kaufman and Horton 2014). 91% of marketers, agencies and publishers have been using content for marketing their services and products. Step 1:Create an editorial calendar, an excel document can be created that would plan out for 3, 6 or 12 months of the organization’s marketing activity for their clients or business. The company can first include some seasonal events like bank holidays, Christmas and some more (Leeflang, Verhoef and Dahlström 2014). The client’s industry can be researched in order to know regarding the important events that are about to occur and the organization should know about it. The events might include major conferences, government rulings, report release dates and many more. Step 2:brainstorming is a term where the actual hard work takes place. The company should gather its teams specially representatives belonging to different digital channels that the organization would be utilizing for clients as well as their creative geniuses (Levy and Gvili 2015). From the gathered data it should create campaign ideas which can be utilized for content marketing strategy.
12DIGITAL MARKETING Step 3:Creation, implementation and promotion, in creation part the organization needs to put together their planning and create the content like report, video, written post, quiz and graphic. In the creation stage, the organization might face some obstacles that would need them to adjust their thought out plans (Mishra, Wilder and Mishra 2017). After they work on their plans, they should promote regarding their activities and update their customers about their whereabouts. 5. Pay-per-click advertising (PPC) and Online Display Advertising Pay-per-click advertising can also be described as the cost-per-click advertising. It is a type of internal advertising model that is used in order to direct traffic to the websites. In this process the advertiser pays a publisher when an ad is clicked by the viewer (Mittal and Bhattacharjee2017). Online display advertising is a specific term of advertisement which aims in conveying a commercial message in a visual way using logos, texts, animations, videos, graphics and photographs. Display advertisers usually target users that have a particular trait in order to increase ads’ effect. 5.1 Designing an effective Pay-per-click advertising An effective Pay-per-click advertisement can be done by using various steps. These steps are as follows Setting goal:setting a goal is very important; Ad objective would help in driving their hard work effectively (Mogos 2015). While planning, the Ad objective should be kept in mind. The advertisement must be having a clear objective and it should not shift from its original aims.
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13DIGITAL MARKETING Choosing platform:in order to carry out effective PPC ads there are numerous platforms that are available like Google, Yahoo and many more. Among these Google is one of the most effective platforms that is used for planning and publishing Google ads. If platform is chosen wisely, the company is more likely to fulfill its aims and objectives and help them in attracting potential customers. Picture 3: platforms of pay-per-clock advertisement (Source:Rakić and Rakić 2014, p. 168) Effective ad text:Ad texts play an important part in the success of the ads. This form of marketing is used by advertisers in order to promote their products or services (Royle and Laing 2014). Company should develop an effective Ad. Text which could help them in being successful.
14DIGITAL MARKETING Picture 4: Effective Ad. Text (Source:Stone and Woodcock 2014, p. 98) Additionofadextensions:Adextensionsprovidemorebenefitsforthe advertisement. These extensions can be used in order to enhance their ad as well as show additional data with their ad like a phone number, an address and many more.
15DIGITAL MARKETING Picture 5: Ad extension (Source:Sasu and Ichim 2016, p.143) 5.2 Use of pay-per-click and Display advertisement Boo.com can make use of pay-per-click and Display advertisement in order to attract audience and target themby using various ways like Adjusting their Ad scheduling:the company can attract their business customers by adjusting their ad scheduling or setting bid modifiers by day-of-week and time- of-day. Make it clear:the company should make it clear in their ad copy that they exclusively serve their business customers (Ryan 2017). Their goal must be to deter retail and consumer users from clicking their Ad. Getting specific:the company should be specific in their Ad. They should make sure that their message is well conveyed through their Ad.
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16DIGITAL MARKETING 5.3 Designing an effective Display advertising Effective display advertising can be created by using various tips, these tips are as follows High quality images:high quality imagesare a must while designing an advertisement; this is because if the images used in advertisement are of low quality, it would fail in conveying the message to the customers. Adding a personalized message:adding a personalized message can help the organizationtoattractmorecustomers(Ryan2016).Thisisbecause advertisements having some personalized messages like “love yourself” and “why diet when you can just eat healthy” can make customers to relate themselves to these ads and attract them towards the product more. Linking to relevant pages:the advertisement should be linked to relevant pages, suppose an advertisement regarding phone ads should be linked to another page that shows a product related to electronic gadgets. This would help the company to attract customers that are actually interested in the products and have the chances to purchase the products. 5. 4 Budgetary implications Budget is one of the most important consideration and the lead needs are to be analyzed for finding out the budget. Budgetary implication for both PPC and display advertisement is similar. Some implications that should be sorted out for getting a clear budget are as follows Lead quality Target cost per lead Visitor frequency
17DIGITAL MARKETING Geographic location Buying cycle In case the company is not sure regarding their target leads, they should answer few questions mentioned below What can the organization afford to spend? How can they place value to a “lead”? What is their current conversion rate? How many leads do they need through pay-per-click and digital advertisement? After getting the answers to these questions, organization can carry out some calculation in order to get hold of the budgetary needs
18DIGITAL MARKETING Figure 6: Example of budget (Source:Taiminen and Karjaluoto 2015, p. 288) 5.5 Relevant laws and guidelines The laws and guidelines stay similar for both types of advertisement. Some laws and guidelines that can be followed during Pay-per-click advertisement are as follows Prohibited content:content regarding some dangerous products, counterfeit goods and some more products of similar nature should not be advertised. Prohibitedpractices:someprohibitedpracticeslikeusingabusivelanguages, abusing the ad network should be avoided by the organization. Restricted content:content related to adulthood, alcohol, gamed and gambling, medicines and healthcare, political content, financial services and copyrights should be avoided by the organization. 6. Email Marketing Email marketing is one of the mostly used marketing strategies that can be used by Boo.com. This marketing channel can used in order to build authentic connection with people that would help in keeping their business alive (Tapp 2014). Email could be used in order to build a present relationship with their subscribers as well as leads by providing them relevant and valuable data. This data would help them to take proper actions and fulfill their goals. The best practices that could be used by Boo.com in order implement email marketing are as follows Choose an email marketing service provider:in case the organization plans to get intotheemailmarketing,theorganizationcouldhaveworkedwithanemail
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19DIGITAL MARKETING marketing service provider (Todor 2016). Working with the provider could help the organizationtoleverageemailmarketingautomation.Thiscouldhavehelped Boo.com to effectively deliver the messages to a huge group of subscribers or contacts. Personal email templates could also be used by the organization in order to help them to grow as well as manage email list and tract features that would show the organization that is engaging with their campaigns as well as messages. Gathering contacts for email marketing list:usually organizations have a specific contact list for starting their email marketing. The organization could have thought regarding the customers with whom they have good relationship. The organization could have started with some family members and friends. If the organization plans to build an email list from scratches, it would still provide good results (Tuten and Soloman 2017). They could start with putting a paper sign-up sheet around their register, add an online sign-up form for their website, they could then encourage their social media followers and various loyal customers to sign up. The organization must not purchase any email list. Email marketing deals with nurturing and building relationships, connecting to a small list including the quality contacts would have moreimpactcomparedtoblastingmessagestorandomcontactswhomthe organizationdoesnoteven knowor thepeople who arenot linkedwith the organization in any ways. Adding contents into email marketing account:once the email marketing account is created, and a specific initial list to whom emails would be sent, these contacts could be added to their account (Vien 2015). They could have started by uploading a
20DIGITAL MARKETING contact list from a specific existing spreadsheet or by importing contacts from the Gmail or their outlook account. Set up a welcome email:welcome email is the very first message that would be received by the new subscribers of the company. This email serves as the first impression and reaches to people at a particular time when they are very engaged with the business (Watrobski, Jankowski and Ziemba 2016). The organization could start with a warm greeting, proving an overview regarding what people can expect to receive from the organization in future as well as offer them something in return. 7. Analytics 7.1 Ongoing analysis and management of digital marketing methods Ongoing analysis should be carried out by the company. Ongoing analysis is usually analyzing the methods and strategies that have been implemented and executed by the company. Ongoing analysis deals with the ways by which the ongoing procedures and methods are analyzed in order to verify if the processes are proceeding without any issues and obstacles. In case o any errors, they are identified and corrected or removed using necessary steps. Google analytics is a web analytics service that is freeYasmin, Tasneem and Fatema 2015). This service provides statistics as well as some basic analytical tools for the optimization of search engine and marketing. These services are available for everyone who has an existing Google account. Digital marketing methods are utilized in order to carry out marketing of the products or services produced by an organization. Digital marketing methods are being used widely
21DIGITAL MARKETING nowadays. Digital marketing methods need to be managed well. These management practices are as follows Strategy:strategies are very significant for carrying out digital marketing. Strategies should be checked after they are planned. In case, the organization has already started executing the strategies, they should analyze if it is providing any benefit to the organization (Royle and Laing 2014). Suppose the strategy does not provide much benefit to the organization it would be beneficial for the organization to bring about changes in the strategies. Techniques that are used for digital marketing should be checked very often. Structure:organizational structure is very important for the organization to work efficiently. Organizational structure plays an important role in carrying out effective digitalmarketing(Ryan2017). Theintegrationof teamwithothermarketing, management as well as IT staff is very important. Usage of steering groups and cross functional teams should be implemented. Staff:the staff should be broken down in the terms of their characteristics and background like marketing vs. IT. Senior management must be involved along with the digital marketing strategies (Mogos 2015). Recruitment of staff and their retention would be useful for the organization. Skills:the staffs included in designing and implementing digital marketing strategies should be checked with their skills. Skilled employees would be able to understand if the digital marketing strategies used by the organization are being useful for them or not (Mishra, Wilder and Mishra 2017). Staffs must be skilled in specific areas like
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22DIGITAL MARKETING project management, supplier selection, content management, specific e-marketing, online advertising and many more. 8. Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that digital marketing is a trending topic nowadays and organizations are making use of various digital marketing techniques in order to increase their business. Digital marketing is usually utilized by various companies because it provides various benefits like direct advertising, there is no mediator, it is available 24/7, it provides easy reach to the customers of the company, it is quite cost effective, it provides global advertisements. This platform also provides the benefits of easy brand promotion, consumer’s convenience for shopping online and many more. Digital marketing allows organizations to reach easily to their customers and convince them to use their products or services.Thereportdiscussesregardingvarioustechniquesthatcanbeusedfor implementing successful digital marketing and grows the business of Boo.com.
23DIGITAL MARKETING References Baltes, L.P., 2015. Content marketing-the fundamental tool of digital marketing.Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Economic Sciences. Series V,8(2), p.111. Buchanan, L., Kelly, B. and Yeatman, H., 2017. Exposure to digital marketing enhances young adults’ interest in energy drinks: An exploratory investigation.PloS one,12(2), p.e0171226. Buchanan, L., Kelly, B., Yeatman, H. and Kariippanon, K., 2018. The effects of digital marketing of unhealthy commodities on young people: a systematic review.Nutrients,10(2), p.148. Chaffey, D and Smith, P.R 2012 Digital Marketing, Strategy, Implementation and Practice, Fifth edition, Harlow: Pearson-Pg 535 – 540 Chaffey, D and Smith, P.R 2012 Digital Marketing, Strategy, Implementation and Practice, Fifth edition, Harlow: Pearson-Pages406 - 408 Charlesworth, A., 2014.Digital marketing: A practical approach. Routledge. Cheuk, S.C.S., Atang, A., Lo, M.C. and Ramayah, T., 2017. COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS ONTHEUSAGEOFDIGITALMARKETINGFORHOMESTAYS:THECASEOF BA'KELALAN, MALAYSIA.International Journal of Business and Society,18(S4), pp.775- 782. Dodson, I., 2016.The Art of Digital Marketing: The Definitive Guide to Creating Strategic, Targeted, and Measurable Online Campaigns. John Wiley & Sons.
24DIGITAL MARKETING Kannan,P.K.,2017.Digitalmarketing:Aframework,reviewandresearch agenda.International Journal of Research in Marketing,34(1), pp.22-45. Karjaluoto,H.andUlkuniemi,P.,2015.Digitalcommunicationsinindustrial marketing.Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing,30(6). Karjaluoto, H., Mustonen, N. and Ulkuniemi, P., 2015. The role of digital channels in industrial marketing communications.Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing,30(6), pp.703-710. Kaufman, I. and Horton, C., 2014.Digital marketing: Integrating strategy and tactics with values, a guidebook for executives, managers, and students. Routledge. Leeflang, P.S., Verhoef, P.C., Dahlström, P. and Freundt, T., 2014. Challenges and solutions for marketing in a digital era.European management journal,32(1), pp.1-12. Levy, S. and Gvili, Y., 2015. How Credible is E-Word of Mouth Across Digital-Marketing Channels?: The Roles of Social Capital, Information Richness, and Interactivity.Journal of Advertising Research,55(1), pp.95-109. Mishra, K.E., Wilder, K. and Mishra, A.K., 2017. Digital literacy in the marketing curriculum: Are female college students prepared for digital jobs?.Industry and Higher Education,31(3), pp.204-211. Mittal, M. and Bhattacharjee, A., 2017. Digital Marketing for NGO's: To Identify the Key Performance Goals, Digital Tools and to Develop High Level Content and Social Strategies for SEWA's Hariyali Project.Bimaquest,17(2).
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25DIGITAL MARKETING Mogos, R.I., 2015. Digital Marketing for Identifying Customers’ Preferences–A Solution for SMEs in Obtaining Competitive Advantages.International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories,5(3), pp.240-247. Rakić, B. and Rakić, M., 2014. Integrated marketing communications paradigm in digital environment: The five pillars of integration.Megatrend revija,11(1), pp.187-204. Royle, J. and Laing, A., 2014. The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Modelforthecommunicationindustries.InternationalJournalofInformation Management,34(2), pp.65-73. Ryan, D. 2017 Understanding Digital Marketing: Marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation, 4th Edition, London: Kogan Page Publishing. -Pg 151-174 Ryan, D., 2016.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Sasu, C. and Ichim, D., 2016. Qualitative Analysis of the Digital Marketing Influence on the Behaviour of the Organizational Consumer.Management (18544223),11(2). Schegg, R. and Stangl, B., 2017, January. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2017. InProceedings of the International Conference in Rome, Italy. Stone, M.D. and Woodcock, N.D., 2014. Interactive, direct and digital marketing: A future that dependsonbetteruseofbusinessintelligence.JournalofResearchinInteractive Marketing,8(1), pp.4-17. Taiminen,H.M.andKarjaluoto,H.,2015.Theusageofdigitalmarketingchannelsin SMEs.Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,22(4), pp.633-651.
26DIGITAL MARKETING Tapp, A., 2014.Principles of Direct Database & Digital Marketing. Pearson Education. Todor, R.D., 2016. Blending traditional and digital marketing.Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Economic Sciences. Series V,9(1), p.51. Tuten, T L and SolomanR M 2017 Social Media Marketing,London:Sage Publishing -Pages214 – 248 Vien,C.L.,2015.Thefutureofmarketing:Thrivinginadigitalworld.Journalof Accountancy,219(5), p.50. Watrobski, J., Jankowski, J. and Ziemba, P., 2016. Multistage performance modelling in digital marketing management.Economics & Sociology,9(2), p.101. Yasmin, A., Tasneem, S. and Fatema, K., 2015. Effectiveness of digital marketing in the challengingage:Anempiricalstudy.InternationalJournalofManagementScienceand Business Administration,1(5), pp.69-80.