Understanding Nonverbal Communication

This assignment delves into the multifaceted world of nonverbal communication. It examines various aspects such as silence as a communicative tool, nonverbal immediacy, and the challenges of intercultural communication. Students are expected to analyze different theories and concepts related to nonverbal cues and their impact on interpersonal interactions.

Running head: EFFECTIVE BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
Effective Business Communication
Name of Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Diagnostic Tools and Reflection
The diagnostic tools of communication procedure are imperative for understanding my
communication style and the consequent issues related with it. This exposition would contain a
self-reflection style which would be founded on the aftereffects of the five diagnostic tools. It
would likewise include a concise literature review concerning the communication issues
recognized. The third part would include an action plan that would be done to address the
communication issues.
I have utilized five diagnostic tools to comprehend my communication qualities and
shortcomings. The primary tool was the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA)
for the Introversion Scale, which determines the tension level of the people amid the
demonstration of talking before a crowd of people (Introversion Scale, 2017). I have scored 48,
which demonstrates that I have low nervousness when I am talking out in the open. The second
diagnostic tool measured Listening Willingness, which characterizes my capacity of being a
decent listener in a work environment setting (Listening Quiz, 2017). I have acquired 85 in this
quiz, which shows that I have medium willingness of listening. The third diagnostic tool was
Talkaholic Scale (TAS), which is a tool to quantify impulsive communication. This scale is
utilized to recognize the nature of the very verbal individuals and their issues in being peaceful
within the sight of other individuals (Talkaholic Scale, 2017). I have acquired 16 in this scale,
which infers that I am not in the least loquacious. The low score likewise shows the way that I
am not ready to talk notwithstanding when there is a need circumstance. The fourth tool is
worried about the Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension (PRICA),
which measures the different existing communication apprehensions in different cross-cultural
setting. This intercultural communication apprehension is thought as the sub-class of the generic

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communication framework (Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension
(PRICA), 2017). I have acquired 29 in this scale, which demonstrates that I have low uneasiness
in intercultural communication apprehension. The fifth diagnostic tool was the Non-Verbal
Immediacy Scale-Self Report (NIS-S), which is utilized to gauge the different non-verbal signs
of communications while the persons correspond with each other. It is vital to comprehend that
there are significant contrasts in the report in light of the people’s gender. This infers that the
reports of the male and the female people would shift altogether (Nonverbal Immediacy Scale-
Self Report (NIS-S), 2017). I have acquired 68 in this test, which suggests that I have no non-
verbal communication immediacy.
Main Issues Identified
I have distinguished the way that I have some communication issues which keeps me
from conveying everything that needs to be conveyed completely before others. I have taken the
loquacious scale and I find that I am not having the capacity to express my sentiments in each
circumstance. I am a thoughtful person and I am essentially a held sort of individual. I am not
verbose and might want to express my emotions with few words as it were. I am self-controlled
and get a kick out of the chance to be tranquil in my professional interactions. This often makes
me powerless before others, where individuals have a tendency to misconstrue me. My
powerlessness to communicate with sufficient words has often landed me in a bad position.
There are examples when I get a kick out of the chance to listen to others and talk least. In such
examples, I do feel the need of others to share correct thoughts as I am having.
I have additionally distinguished the way that I have distracting non-verbal
communication signals, which often sends the wrong message when I am speaking with

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individuals. There are times when I can't give proper verbal communication prompts, however
because of unseemly non-verbal signals, my message is decoded wrongly by other individuals.
There are times when I am having a strained body position while I speak with individuals.
Likewise, I show a flat outward appearance some of the time when I chat with individuals, which
influence individuals to imagine that I am not intrigued by the discussion.
Professional Interactions
I have confronted two late incidents on which I understood that I do have the above
difficulties. These incidents have offended me and furthermore influenced the way I interface in
a professional area. I do understand that these communication challenges should be settled in a
dire way with the goal that I can exceed expectations in professional life.
When recently I was part of a personal interview, in which I should convey what needs
be in an unmistakable and clear way. I neglected to do as such. I was not so apprehensive but
rather still I liked to be calmer and listen well to the interviewers. I knew every one of the
appropriate responses of the interviewers yet was not able answer them legitimately. I didn't
remain noiseless; however, I didn't give the fitting answer too. I was squirming and I thought that
it was elusive appropriate words to express the appropriate responses.
I can likewise recall about another incident in which I showed up in a seminar in which I
was giving a presentation on a specific point. I could well understand that I was having
despicable body stances and motions however couldn't enhance myself. I could feel that the
group of onlookers is gradually getting diverted from my lecture as I was showing a negative
self-perception. I was likewise unfit to keep up eye to eye to eye connection with the gathering of
people as I feared investigating their eyes. I felt that I would overlook my discourse in the event

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that I would take a gander at their eyes. This made my general presentation ineffectual regardless
of having great slides and great communication abilities.
These two incidents influenced me to understand that I have to enhance these negative
communication qualities as it is critical to exceed expectations in my professional life. I would
not have the capacity to climb the means of the company pecking order in the event that I don't
enhance my communication challenges.
Literature Review
As opined by Khan (2017) the astute individuals regularly lean toward silence over the
individuals who are verbose and they frequently sit tight for the general population to state vital
things. These sorts of individuals are regularly hesitant to utilize their mouth to communicate and
rather they jump at the chance to perform undivided attention. These sorts of personalities are
additionally considered as the thoughtful people, who don't their voices to be heard out in the
open. These sorts of individuals frequently are occupied in their own particular deduction
process and thus don't locate the shot or chance to express their sentiments. There are examples
when they basically investigate everything about the discussion and thus they are not ready to
talk effortlessly. The tranquil individuals regularly have enough issue to state; however, they
might be not able find genuine words to express their emotions. They don't have the propensity
for gabbing and they have a tendency to ingest everything that is going on around them.
As contended by Stacks and Salwen (2014), the "spiral of silence" theory is worried
about the explanations that underline the reality why individuals don't care to talk on issues that
really matters to them. This theory talks about the general feeling as the dispositions through
which the people can convey what needs be without the dread of making them forlorn. There are

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a great many people that can distinguish the well-known feelings at given purpose of time and
they tend to act in like manner. The spiral of silence theory isn't terrible in each unique
circumstance and it can be all around used in conditions in which there is an arrangement of the
popular supposition towards resistance. This theory can be very much utilized as a part of cases
when it is essential to conceal sentiments of abhor from open exposures. Nonetheless, there are
times, when this theory can act against the picture and altruism of an individual and there is a
subsequent distraction from the same (Bodor, 2012).
It is critical to induce individuals to talk their heart out and express their sentiments in a
fitting way. This would not just improve the level of inter-personal communication however
would likewise permit an expansion in the authoritative profitability. As remarked by Berger
(2014), the demonstration of being more enticing prompts being more powerful and
understanding the requirements of the different partners. The scarcity principle trusts in the way
that the general population have a tendency to get those things that are hard to come by (Sundie
et al., 2012). This specific want increments when there is a suspicion of the lament that may
happen by not acting sufficiently quick in a specific circumstance. Inside the "Yale Attitude
Change Approach", the different years of research have discovered that there are various
variables that influence a crowd of people to partake in the discourse in a more dynamic way.
These variables are alluring speaker, dependable personality and perfect demographics (The Yale
Approach, 2017).
The discoveries of Stone et al. (2012) uncovers that there are four sorts of silences that
are utilized by the people in their everyday lives. The silences can be both positive and also
negative contingent upon the sort of the execution in the present situation. A standout amongst
the most harming sorts of silences is silent treatment in which there is nonattendance of

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important words and there is frequently an unwillingness to communicate. The second sort of
silence is worried about ungainly silence in which the vacant spaces in the discussions frequently
cause awkward and interesting emotions. The third type of silences is worried about the making
spaces through the employments of silence. This regularly is included with the way that there is a
common sentiment silence that is vital between being silent and having great listening abilities.
The fourth kind of silence is worried about the careful silence in which there is the utilization of
the ability of reflection of individuals in which they are more astute and calm.
As indicated by Lemonnier (2012), the non-verbal communication is worried about the
accepting and the sending of silent hints. They are regularly worried about the sending of the
visual prompts, for example, remove, non-verbal communication, separation, touch and the
physical conditions. There is likewise a contribution of the utilization of time and keeping up
legitimate eye to eye connection. The procedure of non-verbal communication is worried about
the association of the oblivious and the cognizant procedures of decoding and encoding of the
data. The encoding is the procedure of the age of the data which is basically worried about the
signals, stances and outward appearances. The demonstration of decoding is worried about the
interpretation of the data from the different got sensations which are being given by the encoder.
Just a little bit of the mind can interpret verbal communication and a large portion of the piece of
the cerebrum can react rapidly to non-verbal communication signals.
As opined by MacKay (2012), the sign theory is an undeniably idea utilized by the
associations in which there is a contribution of three fields, for example, semantics, pragmatics
and syntactic. The investigation of the semantics is worried about the investigation of the
utilization of the connection of signs alongside different things. The syntactic is worried about
the investigation of the connection of signs alongside different signs. The demonstration of

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pragmatics is worried about the investigation of utilization of codes in regular day to day
existence. The demonstration of the "non-verbal code systems" is worried about the general
qualities, analogical, iconicity, all-inclusive importance and the concurrent transmission. The
non-verbal communication assumes a vital part in the communication procedure since the group
of onlookers gets the general effect of the message. The verbal messages are imperative and the
non-verbal signals upgrades the nature of the general messages.
Action Plan
The learning gaps should be improved as it would prompt the advancement of the expert
life. I should find a way to battle the communication challenges so that there is a change of the
communication procedure. I ought to take part in a few stages to make more verbose
communication:
 Listening painstakingly to the next individual so I can recognize what should I say next
 Join open talking forums and clubs where I would get an assortment of individuals to
converse with. This would take out people in general talking shame or dread
 Increase my online nearness by opening record in different social media websites with
the goal that I know the specialty of communicating my emotions in an unmistakable way
 Background research about the individual (with whom I would communicate) and his job
part would help me to be readied and henceforth I would have the capacity to express my
sentiments in a clearer way
 I ought to likewise give enough consideration regarding the procedure of non-verbal
communication and I should endeavor to enhance the same-
 Watching myself and my own particular signals would enable me to watch other's non-
verbal prompts in a superior way

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 I should endeavor to keep up appropriate eye to eye connection with my gathering of
people or the other communicator
 Watch interviews of fruitful people and watch their non-verbal signals
 Reading the group of onlookers and evaluating their perspectives is vital
 Give regard for the tone of my voice and attempt to work on talking in a well-mannered
way
 Enhance my stance with the goal that I show positive, sure and agreeable impression
Activities to partake in
Week
1-4
Week
5-8
Week
9-12
Week
12-16
Week
16-20
Paying attention carefully
Joining different clubs and public speaking forums
Joining social media sites
Doing background research about the
correspondent/spectators
Watching my own gesticulations
Maintaining good eye contact
Watching interviews of effective and famous
individuals
Understanding the audience’s minds

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Improving my stance and body language
Table 1. Gantt Chart to show Action Plan timeline
Source: As created by author

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References and Bibliography
Adler, R., Rodman, G. R., & DuPré, A. (2016). Understanding human communication. Oxford
University Press.
Bayles, K. A., & Tomoeda, C. K. (2013). Cognitive-communication disorders of dementia:
Definition, diagnosis, and treatment. Plural Publishing.
Berger, J. (2014). Word of mouth and interpersonal communication: A review and directions for
future research. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24(4), 586-607.
Bodor, T. (2012). The issue of timing and opinion congruity in spiral of silence research: why
does research suggest limited empirical support for the theory?. International Journal of
Public Opinion Research, 24(3), 269-286.
Holliday, A. (2013). Understanding intercultural communication: Negotiating a grammar of
culture. Routledge.
Introversion Scale. (2017). Jamescmccroskey.com. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from
http://www.jamescmccroskey.com/measures/prpsa.htm
Jowett, G. S., & O'donnell, V. (2014). Propaganda & persuasion. Sage.
Khan, M. M. R. (2017). Silence as communication. The Analytic Situation: How Patient and
Therapist Communicate, 31.
Lemonnier, P. (2012). Mundane objects: Materiality and non-verbal communication (Vol. 10).
Left Coast Press.

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Listening Quiz. (2017). Witt Communications. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from
http://wittcom.com/the-listening-quiz/
MacKay, D. G. (2012). The organization of perception and action: A theory for language and
other cognitive skills. Springer Science & Business Media.
Nonverbal Immediacy Scale-Self Report (NIS-S). (2017). Jamescmccroskey.com. Retrieved 5
October 2017, from http://www.jamescmccroskey.com/measures/nis_s.htm
Pei, X., Hill, J., & Schalk, G. (2012). Silent communication: toward using brain signals. IEEE
pulse, 3(1), 43-46.
Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension (PRICA).
(2017). Jamescmccroskey.com. Retrieved 5 October 2017, from
http://www.jamescmccroskey.com/measures/prica.htm
Petty, R., Ostrom, T. M., & Brock, T. C. (Eds.). (2014). Cognitive responses in persuasion.
Psychology Press.
Stacks, D. W., & Salwen, M. B. (Eds.). (2014). An integrated approach to communication theory
and research. Routledge.
Stone, C. B., Coman, A., Brown, A. D., Koppel, J., & Hirst, W. (2012). Toward a science of
silence: The consequences of leaving a memory unsaid. Perspectives on Psychological
Science, 7(1), 39-53.
Sundie, J. M., Cialdini, R. B., Griskevicius, V., & Kenrick, D. T. (2012). The world's (truly)
oldest profession: Social influence in evolutionary perspective. Social Influence, 7(3),
134-153.