Employability Skills - Travel and Tourism

This report examines the importance of employability skills in the travel and tourism industry, focusing on Travelodge Hotels. It analyzes key skills like communication, leadership, time management, and teamwork, and their impact on individual and organizational success. The report also delves into motivational techniques, problem-solving strategies, and the impact of business strategies on financial and non-financial aspects of the business.

Employability skills-
Travel and Tourism

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Developing a set of own responsibilities and performance objectives as well.....................1
1.2 Evaluation of self-effectiveness based on predetermined objectives..................................2
1.3 Recommendations for improving effectiveness....................................................................3
1.4 Motivational techniques for improving quality performance...............................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2.1 Solutions related to work based issues................................................................................6
P2.2 Communicate in a variety of styles and appropriate manner at various levels...................6
P2.3 Effective time-management strategies................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3.1 Explain the roles people play in a team and how they can work together to achieve
shared goals.................................................................................................................................6
3.2 Analysis of team dynamics...................................................................................................6
3.3 Alternative ways to achieve team goals and objectives........................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................6
4.1 Tools and techniques for developing solutions to problem..................................................6
4.2 Developing appropriate and effective strategies for resolving issues related to labour
turnover.......................................................................................................................................6
4.3 Financial as well as non financial impact of business strategies on a business concern.......6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6

REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Skills are an essential part of an individual's overall personality and traits in today's fastly
developing society. Every business concern nowadays works with a common motive i.e. growth
and enhancement in profitability position. In present context, employability skills have been
discussed here that are further responsible for growth and development of a business. These are
basically long term decisions that can be levied on employees as well as other individuals who
are a part of a business concern (Clarke, 2018). These skills are used to determine overall skills
of individuals and check whether any sort of enhancement is to be undertaken. This report is
framed based on Travelodge Hotels which is a fastly running business concern in hospitality
sector with around 500 hotels that are situated in UK. This report further emphasizes on skills of
an individual as well as set of own responsibilities that help in performance management. Light
is also thrown on SMART techniques along with various tools and techniques that are considered
for enhancing performance of an individual. Furthermore, motivational skills that improve
quality of performance of people at any given point have been stated here.
TASK 1
1.1 Developing a set of own responsibilities and performance objectives as well.
For effectively developing own set of responsibilities it is important that skills of
individuals be evaluated. Skills and knowledge of a person gets enhanced by interaction with
outside environment as well as qualifications. I have further chosen SMART technique for my
personal evaluation as a manager in Travelodge . It helped me in my personal evaluation as well
as understanding my roles and responsibilities as well. Certain roles and responsibilities which I
will have to undertake as an assistant manager have been stated as under:
Indulging employees or subordinates in decision making process: Employees are an
essential part of every organisation and its overall functionality. As an assistant manager it is my
duty that I need to take suggestions from my subordinates while taking important key decisions.
This will make them feel motivated as well as satisfied (Esa, Padi and Hassan, 2015). This is
being considered as a responsibility of Travelodge through which they can motivate staff
towards their tasks given by superiors.
Evaluating performance of subordinates; Another important responsibility that should
be fulfilled by me in context of Travel0odge is evaluating and examining performance of my
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subordinates. This will be helpful as I can actually understand which needs to be trained in which
specific area. Also it will help me ensuring efficiency and effectiveness in business operations as
well.
After determining my roles and responsibilities, I found out that self management is very
complicated and requires a lot of effort as I also need to focus on achieving goals and objectives
within a specified time frame. SMART techniques have now become a necessity of every
company so that they can achieve enhancement in productivity as well as profit maximisation.
Various important roles and duties of business are planning, problem, solving, decision making
etc. Appraisal system in this respect is useful in providing compensation to employees,
promotion, job rotation etc. Also it helps in assessing training period as well as development
opportunities that are needed by employees. All these objectives form an integral part of
SMART and also help in effective relationship management as well.
Performance objectives: Objectives that have been set for evaluating performance play a
quite important role in every business entity. It is necessary that a business concern sets
objectives that are effective and also achievable within a specified time frame (Guilbert and et.
al., 2016). Hence as a manager of Travelodge for setting objectives a critical evaluation or
analysis will have to be done by me as per my strengths and weaknesses. Objectives I prefer to
choose for myself have been mentioned as under:
 Enhancing my decision making and communication skills.
 Developing effectiveness in leadership skills and time management as well.
 I will also have to develop my expertise level which will further help me in exploring or
grabbing any future opportunities that are available in current market.
All these tools and techniques prove a great turning point in setting my own goals and
timely achieving them. Also I will be able to assess my overall strengths and weaknesses and
further maintaining relationships with employees. With the help of better decision making and
communicational skills, it will become easy for me to hit my own targets right on time. Through
this,
1.2 Evaluation of self-effectiveness based on predetermined objectives.
Evaluation of own skills and traits is a quite complex process hence it is necessary in
nature (Jackling and Natoli, 2015). Decision making process is a quite lengthy process that
operates as a cycle which is to be considered by each and every individual. It is basically used
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for arriving at judgements or conclusions that help in enhancement of effectiveness as well as
better performing abilities. Hence, for a better understanding of situations, I have chosen to use
new tools and techniques. These tools will be of great use to me as I will be able to develop and
grow my skills and also improve performance of hotel.
In organisational context, I have chosen individual appraisal system for my self
evaluation so that I can further examine which skills are to be developed or modified. This
proved a quite significant tool in enhancing my skills and satisfaction level. As per evaluation I
found out that my communication skills were average and required certain modifications.
Hence in this case I chose to undergo personality development classes that may focus on
developing my overall soft skills. This helped me in enhancing communication which improved
overall relationships and leaded to a healthy work environment at Travelodge. Also I need to
practice effective time management so that I can further spare time for my personal as well as
professional reasons. This way work will be completed within time thereby enhancing overall
customer base. Another important technique used by me is performance appraisal. For
performance appraisal of employees I will require help from production department, personnels
and judgemental data. Furthermore rating methods can also be infused such as ranking, paired
comparison etc. In present context, I can easily say that mentioned objective can be attained by
me right on time with a good concentration level. These methods will also help me in developing
my skills as well as of employees. Also, it will help me in assigning roles to employees based on
their strengths as well as weaknesses.
All the above stated techniques will raise my confidence level and also promote long
term sustainability. These processes also play a significant role in developing my overall skills
and knowledge.
1.3 Recommendations for improving effectiveness.
Professional Skills Current level of
development
Example Ways of improving
Communication Average Communication was
going on at a fair rate
but there were certain
barriers.
Taking personality
development classes as
well as seminars that
focussed on overall soft
skill development.
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Leadership Below Average I was able to lead
people for a project
assigned and but could
not timely deliver it to
clients on time
(Jeswani, 2016).
This skill of mine needs
little more efficiency
for which I need to take
feedback from
subordinates and
evaluate them carefully
(Deeley,2014).
Time management Poor Time management was
a major issue as I could
not spare time for my
personal reasons an d
family life.
Improvement can be
done by technological
innovation, effective
communication
practices. All these
practices saves time
while identifying
processes which can
help in achieving
objectives timely
(Kalfa, Senia and
Lucy).
Technology Skills Average Many employees lack
technical skills namely
file saving, data sharing
and online data
transmission.
I will need to attend a
computer language
training course for
approximately 3-4
weeks for upgrading
and enhancing my
technical skills. By
doing so I will further
be able to develop skills
of my employees as
well.
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An appropriate combination of all these skills will further help me in developing my own as well
as employees' skills. Also development of these skills will lead to minimising costs, enhancing
goodwill of a company as well. Main aim of Travelodge hotel in this aspect is to provide good
quality services and goods to its customers.
1.4 Motivational techniques for improving quality performance
Motivational techniques are name given to tools and techniques that managers and
leaders undertake for enhancing performance of employees and also raising their satisfaction
level (Lim and et. al., 2016). Motivation is a quite vast subject which infuses both internal as
well as external factors that are enhancing or hampering performance of employees. Hence, to
provide a stable performing standard for employees it is necessary that managers undertake
effective training and development sessions that can raise performing scale of employees in
Travelodge (Messum, Wilkes and Jackson, 2015) . This is an important factor which promotes
better growth opportunities. Motivational techniques considered by managers of Travelodge
have been specified as under:
Theory X: This is most preferred theory of motivation which is undertaken by managers
and leaders for assessing or examining whether employees are motivated or not. Managers of
Travelodge have a quite firm belief that employees tend to get demotivated quite easily and this
further lowers their overall level of performance. When any such condition occurs, entire
operational cycle of Travelodge is hindered or hampered. Hence, managers also try that they can
timely motivate their employees in best possible way.
Theory Y: This theory of motivation was considered by managers of Travelodge hotel
when they realised that employees wanted a independent working culture and structure. As per
this theory, team members or employees are expected to be to be highly responsible so that they
can themselves handle all sorts of critical situations.
Another important motivation theory that has been studied by managers of Travelodge is
Maslow's need hierarchy theory (Moore and Morton, 2017).
Maslow's need hierarchy theory: This motivation theory was proposed by professor
Maslow . This theory infuses certain ways in which leaders cam motivate and satisfy needs of
their employees along with enhancement of their overall work performance. Key components or
factors of this theory are physiological, safety, love or belongingness, self esteem needs and self
actualisation as well. These factors have further be explained as under:
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Physiological needs: Physiological needs refers to basic needs of an individual such as
food, clothing, shelter etc.
Safety needs: Safety needs deal with providing employees a certain level of safety as
well as security (O’Connor and Bodicoat, 2017). Examples of this need can be health security,
monetary insurance, etc.
Love or belongingness: Love or belongingness needs generally are intangible in nature
and can include factors such as well behaved supportive subordinates, positve working culture
and environment etc.
Esteem needs: Esteem needs are considered as confidence, achievement, respect from
other companions etc.
Self-actualisation: This is highest level of need theory. This needs infuses factors such as
creativity, spontaneity, lack of prejudice and so on.
Furthermore, managers can also employ motivational techniques like timely payment of
rewards, monetary and non-monetary benefits for developing morale level of employees.
TASK 2
P2.1 Solutions related to work based issues.
Problems are a major part of business organisations and their overall functionality. Small
issues when not taken care of at an earlier stage can further lead to more complex and critical
issues that may affect functionality of Travelodge in present context as well. Main problems of
issues that are affecting Travelodge are differences in thinking approach of employees and also
the way they perform their business operations (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development, 2015). In relation to this, certain key steps have been specified that further lead to
examining of solutions for a business.
Problem:
 Employees of Travelodge are quite unsatisfied due to which current labour turnover rates
are quite high.
 Another important problem faced by Travelodge is lack of effective communication
which hampers or hinders growth of a company.
 Also, it has been found that employees in Travelodge are both technically and
technologically backward as well as inefficient.
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Analysing the issue: First step of problem solving process is analysing issues faced by
employees. Problems can be anything such as employee turnover, technological barriers etc.
Finding solutions: For searching solutions for above stated issues, as a manager I will have to
conduct team sessions and meetings so that performance of employees can be evaluated
(Parasuraman and Prasad, 2015).
Also I will adopt effective communication strategies so that employees can easily convey
their issues. For eradicating skill related issues, I will also have to provide employees with
training sessions in their deficient areas whether it be technical or technological. This will further
retain employees for a quite longer period of time.
All these above stated factors will help in resolving issues and problems that are affecting
overall functionality of business.
P2.2 Communicate in a variety of styles and appropriate manner at various levels.
Communication is an important factor of every business entity. In context of hospitality
sector, people need to develop their overall soft skills so that they can work with greater
efficiency. It is important that employees in Travelodge have a humility factor in their
personality especially when they have to communicate or deal with guests (Ravenscroft and
Luhanga, 2015). Communication can be practised in a number of ways which have further been
stated as under:
Verbal: This is a oral mode of communication which managers use when they have to
instruct employees about something or just generally communicate. This type of interaction can
either be on a one on one basis or in groups.
Non Verbal: Mode of communication that can either exist in form of sign language or
written methods. This form of communication is more effective as compared to verbal form.
Formal and informal feedbacks: Feedbacks are basically derived from either customers
or past and present employees. Managers of Travelodge have framed a strategy that they receive
feedbacks from their customers about ambience of hotel, quality of services and also examinbe if
they faced any issues.
Letter
To,
Senior Manager
Travelodge Hotel, London
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26 December, 2018
Respected Sir,
After carefully evaluating overall business functions, I found out that Trtavelodge hotel has been
going through three major issues that are technically deficient manpower, labour turnover and
lack of effective communication. All these problems have further hampered performance of hotel
in competitive market. Therefore, for eradicating these issues, employees need to be timely
provided training and development sessions. Also, performance of employees should be timely
monitored to check if there are any variances. Managers further also require practising effective
communication strategies so that communication differences between employees can be reduced.
For this, cost effective communication practices such as verbal and non verbal techniques can be
practised for building effective relationships between employees at almost all levels.
Travelodge Hotel
To: All Staff Members
From: Manager
Date: 23 December, 2018
Subject: Issues faced by hotel
By a critical examination of business operations in Travelodge it has been found out that
it is facing numerous problems which further affect productivity as well as profitability of a
business concern. Hence this memo has been generated so that issues of employees can be stated
and also skill deficient employees can attain an opportunity for enhancing their skills and area of
expertise. Also, specialised training sessions are to be provided to inefficient employees. Lastly,
as a manager I will try to provide monetary as well as non monetary benefits that can raise
satisfaction level of employees. Through this, I will start hitting my targets along with this, my
employees may also get motivated towards their own responsibilities as well.
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P2.3 Effective time-management strategies.
Time management is the need of today's hour in almost all business entities especially in
tourism sector. As per this concept, it is important that a balance between task performance is
maintained. It aids a business concern in infusing an effective business plan or strategy so that
individuals will further be able to timely perform tasks as per standards set by managers of
Travelodge. Various key factors that help in time management have been stated as under:
Prioritising workload of employees: This is most initial or beginning step of time
management process. Under this step, tasks or activities are specified based on their completion
dates as well as priority dates (Sulphey, 2015). By doing so, managers can effectively complete
their tasks within a specified time frame
Setting objectives: Setting up objectives is quite important especially for achieving
desired results. Also if time is mentioned on these objectives it becomes easier for a business
concern in guiding and promoting employees so that they can perform with greater efficiency.
Objectives are key factors that help in analysing future as well as present growth prospects.
Making and keeping appointments: A systematic record of all day to day activities
should be mentioned so that no important activity gets missed out. Also it sets timelines for
every task as to when they have to be completed.
Work steadily rather than erratically: At the time of performing activities it is necessary
that any sort of confusion or chaos is avoided. All every activity should be completed within a
specified time interval at a steady pace (Tran, 2015) . A calm and clear mindset plays a quite
important role in timely achievement of goals and objectives.
Time for learning:Every new task needs to be learnt and practised so that it can be
performed with higher efficiency. Hence, it is duty of managers that they should provide ample
amount of time and training to their employees so that they can develop higher efficiency. This
can even end up taking 3-4 months.
Reliable estimate of task time: This happens to be last step of time management process
where evaluation is done whether time given for training was sufficient or not.
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TASK 3
P3.1 Explain the roles people play in a team and how they can work together to achieve shared
goals.
Travelodge hotel focusses on Belbin theory for better understanding of roles and
responsibilities for maintaining efficiency while performing tasks. This theory is classified into
three broad categories which have been stated as under:
People oriented roles: People oriented roles are further divided into three categories. These roles
are ma inly designed so that an effective and positive work environment can be practised in
Travelodge. Also it will help in retaining employees fro a quite longer period of time along with
maintaining effectiveness in business operations. These roles are:
Coordinator: One who maintains positive environment at workplace and helps in developing
coordination.
Team worker: A team worker is an individual who supports entire team while performing tasks
whereas team leaders are people who assign activities to employees.
Resource investigator: A resource investigator is an individual who is accountable for fulfilling
all basic needs while performing tasks or activities (Trought, 2017).
Action-oriented role: Action oriented roles are undertaken by individuals who are further
responsible that they can formulate goals and also simultaneously accept various challenges
thereby becoming role models for their subordinates. In this type of roles individuals working in
Travelodge believe in undertaking necessary actions that will further lead to timely achievement
of goals and objectives.
Implementer is a role where initiative are taken by individuals so that they can be ahead of
others and also achieve goals and objectives.
Finisher is an important role where mistakes are reduced within activities performed so as to
achieve goals and objectives.
Thought oriented roles: It is crucial to use new innovative ideas to stay within market for
longer run (Tsitskari and et. al., 2017). These roles will help in providing new and innovative
ideas of accomplishing tasks as well as activities. Also as per this role employees in Travelodge
are assigned jobs as per their skills and area of expertise as well. This is composed of:
Plant: An individual who is responsible for generating and developing new and innovative
ideas while achieving a specific task.
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Specialists: Any person who is quite skilled and has excellent knowledge of tasks that are to be
performed by him.
3.2 Analysis of team dynamics.
Team dynamics is an important aspect which infuses a number of steps. Four major steps
that form a part of Tuckman theory have been mentioned as under:
Forming: This is first step of group development process in which employees are highly
dependent on leaders and managers of Travelodge so that they can receive appropriate support
and guidance.
Norming: This is second stage in which every employee knows each other. They even
begin communicating their thoughts and ideas with each other.
Storming: In this stage, a person focusses on developing their personality as well as area
of expertise so that they can come out of their comfort zones. Many a times this stage is also
referred to as conflict stage in Travelodge.
Performing: This happens to be ending stage in team development process where
individuals normally work with higher improved efficiencies. Also employees in Travelodge
start developing their own personality traits (Yang, Cheung and Fang, 2015).
Adjourning: This happens to be last stage of team development process where mostly all
teams either get disbanded or dissolve after completion of certain projects or tasks.
Organisational restructuring takes place at this step. In Travelodge employees who have
developed quite settled relationships with each other find this stage to be quite difficult.
Hence, these are steps that are involved in forming a team effectively in Travelodge hotel
for effective growth and development of its employees while working in groups.
3.3 Alternative ways to achieve team goals and objectives.
Achieving goals and objectives is a quite tricky process which infuses numerous ways in
which they can further be achieved. In certain situations, managers can even consider alternate
ways for performing tasks.
Setting standards: An HR manager is responsible for setting standards of performance
in a business concern. Standards can be used by employees in Travelodge for evaluating as to
what is to be achieved by them within a set time span.
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Innovation: Innovation is an important factor by which newly hired people can bring
their thoughts and ideas for performing an activity. Innovation provides new ways in which tasks
can be completed and issues can also be resolved.
Effective communication: Communication is lifeblood of any organisation which acts aa
a connecting link between two or more people (Trought, 2017). Managers of Travelodge make it
a point that they adopt certain communication policies which can be easily understood by each
and every individual.
TASK 4
4.1 Tools and techniques for developing solutions to problem.
Labour turnover has caused a lot of issues and confusion in organisational culture of
Travelodge. A solution that is effective and reduce confusion is timely training of employees.
Managers should also adopt strategies that may further help in reducing labour turnover and
motivate employees thereby aiming at employee retention. Example of this scenario is ,
managers of Travelodge hotel should timely monitor and appraise performance of employees so
that their motivation level remains intact. Managers can even conduct brain storming sessions so
that ideas and thoughts of employees can be known. Another important key approach which is
applicable in present scenario is:
Trial and error method: This is a method which involves more than one solution to an issue out
of which suitable way is selected which can be applied for solving issues (Tran, 2015).
Hence, if all these policies and strategies are applied effectively, many issues of
Travelodge hotel can be resolved. Moreover, if employees are provided appropriate training and
knowledge related to logical and analytical issues than it will provide effective results and
outcomes.
4.2 Developing appropriate and effective strategies for resolving issues related to labour
turnover.
Labour turnover is an important problem that is being faced by Travelodge hotel. Labour
turnover is an important factor that refers to a rate at which employees or people in a business
leave it. This term is basically calculated by relatively examining people who leave an
organisation at a given point of time. Some important reasons that lead to labour turnover are
lower wage rate, unhealthy or discriminatory working conditions, illegal practices and so on.
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Furthermore, numerous ways can be considered for resolving issues of employees that are
explained as under:
Critical Path Analysis: It is an important cost effective technique that helps in timely
achievement of goals and objectives. This can generally be practised by identifying ways of
performing an activity with increased efficiency (Critical Path Analysis. 2018). It further helps
managers of Travelodge in examining the project. Managers can use this approach for resolving
any sort of issues that are faced by them.
Time scale: Time scale refers to a specified measure that helps managers in achieving a
particular task in a given time frame. Thus, this scale is assumed to be duration as well as quality
of time that is provided by an individual in a given time frame. So to improve work culture
managers of Travelodge hotel can adopt this strategy.
One important strategy that is considered by managers of Travelodge have been
mentioned as under:
Offer fair pay: Salaries and wages are an important factor that help in examining employees'
decision as to whether they wish to continue a certain job or not. As per a survey done in UK it
has been found out that 95% employees believe that pay scale is an important factor which
affects job decisions of employees. In context of context of Travelodge it has been stated that
managers should adopt equal pay strategy so that they cam motivate their employees thereby
promoting employee retention.
4.3 Financial as well as non financial impact of business strategies on a business concern.
Implementation or bringing out effective business approaches or policies will be highly
useful for Travelodge as it will further lead to yielding of better outcomes with enhanced
efficiency. It is necessary that all these policies are applied in an effective and efficient way .
Furthermore, by adopting above stated strategies managers will be able to reduce labour turnover
and lead to effective communication ways. Managers of Travelodge have decided about using an
approach that states every employee should be treated equally and paid fair value of funds as per
skills of employees.
Major monetary benefits of this strategy is that profitability and productivity of business will
increase whereas non monetary benefits of this strategy is that morale level of employees will be
enhanced. This will also develop a sense of belongingness in employees. This will further lead to
an increase in overall profitability and productivity position of Travelodge (Tsitskari and et. al.,
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2017). This will also keep motivation level of employees high thereby leading to employee
retention and growth. It will also lead to cost effective approaches being practised thereby
reducing cost of training and skill development. Lastly, it has also been stated that employees of
Travelodge hotel will receive a number of advantages in context of employees as well as
customers who will further receive better quality goods and services.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned skills it has been concluded that skills and knowledge are two
major characteristics of an individual's personality. Individuals should always focus on
enhancing their overall skills so that they achieve all goals and objectives whether personal or
professional within specified time span. Skilled and motivated employees are an asset for every
business entity. They are solely responsible for achieving goals and objectives within a set time
frame. In present context context it has been said that managers and leaders should timely infuse
training and development programmes in their organisation so that employees' area of expertise
gets enhanced. Also leaders play a quite important and significant role in solving tensions or
problems that occur between employees. All these factors when combined together lead to
growth and development of a business concern in competitive market.
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