This essay discusses the role of empowerment, engagement, and motivation in preventing obesity and diabetes type II. It explores the social determinants and health promotion activities for these chronic diseases.
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Running head: EMPOWERMENT IN OBESITY AND DIABETES PREVENTION EMPOWERMENT IN OBESITY AND DIABETES PREVENTION Name of the Student Name of the University Author Note
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1 EMPOWERMENT IN OBESITY AND DIABETES PREVENTION Diabetes type II is a chronic disease which has a large effect on the cardiovascular system as well as on other organs. In diabetes type II human body does not respond to the insulin that controls the blood sugar level in the blood and later the insulin secretion of the body lessen in a manner that there is no enough insulin for proper control. The insulin is the key enzyme that catalyses the glucose entrance in the cell and thus metabolism of the product. However, without the proper amount of insulin the glucose metabolism stops and the sugar level as well as the glycogen level of the body rises exponentially leading to the obese condition. The main causes of diabetes type II are lifestyle, unhealthy eating, and obesity and overweight (Bhupathiraju & Hu, 2016). The incidence and prevalence risen up to 10.4% from 1980 to 2014 in which the 90% of the diabetes patients reported to have diabetes type II and it is the 7thleading cause of death in USA (Lewinski et al., 2017). The mortality and morbidity rate increased as the result of the diabetes type II, 1. 6 million people died in 2016 from this disease(Who.int, 2019). Whereas, obesity has its own stake in the diabetes type II development in the body as the obese condition prevents the insulin production of the body. These two chronic diseases are most common ones in present days and needed to be controlled thus the health promotion activities such as empowerment, engagement and motivation would be needed for the awareness development among people.Empowerment refers to a process which helps people in gaining control over factors and decisions that properly drive their lives. It is the process by which they increase their assets and attributes and build capacities to gain access, partners, networks and a voice, in order to gain control. People gain empowerment through knowledge, skills and motivation. Empowerment assumes that people are their own assets, and maintain control over their own determinants that influence health(Who.int, 2019). Whereas, engaging with the people means the contact and conversations that helps people to trust the health care personnel and also build a positive relationship between them (Dietz, 2015). On the other hand the motivation is the key factor
2 EMPOWERMENT IN OBESITY AND DIABETES PREVENTION for the patients to motivation for the hard works or fight against the ill medical conditions of their physical body (Robinson et al., 2015). The following essay would focus on the discussion about the obesity and diabetes type II prevention on the basis of the health promotion factors such as the empowerment, engagement and motivation along with the determination of social factors contributing in these diseases. Now I am going to explain my concept map about the social determinants of diabetes type II and obesity and the health promotion factors of these two diseases. Here the diabetes type II and obesity are the most common chronic diseases as the mortality rate from these diseases increased up to 56% in the world population (Diabetes.co.uk, 2019). The social factors or the social determinants which have crucial effects over the health condition of any community people and leads to obesity and diabetes type II are the physical factors that are the gender, age, unhealthy diet, exercise and employment; psychological factors that are the education,employment,anxiety,stress;environmentalfactorsthatarethesmoking, alcoholism, addiction, community, accommodation (Helvaci et al., 2018). Here, almost 1 person in 6 people has obesity in the middle age (25-30 year old) and the male diseased are greater in number than the female ones (Who.int, 2019). Thus resulting in the cohort risk of diabetes type II disease among the people over 40 years old and the lack of knowledge or education about obesity or diabetes prevention measures and lack of discipline causes these diseases to prevail in present situation (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2019). Nowthecommunityenvironmentsarealsooneofthestakeholdersinthisdisease development as the overcrowded situation and overcrowded housing conditions and the employment factors of the community also play a key role in the development of these diseases (Mills, Rosenberg & McInerney, 2015). On the other hand smoking and drinking alcohol affects the cardiovascular and liver function thus the proper digestion and insulin
3 EMPOWERMENT IN OBESITY AND DIABETES PREVENTION secretion could not function properly thus the obese condition arises and the diabetes type II develops. In order to prevent this ill condition the Government and the health organisations needed to assess all the social determinants and develop health promotion programs in the communities. Here, the health promotion activities would be taken as the prevention method of the obesity and the diabetes type II disease are the empowerment, engagement and the motivation for the community people. Empowerment would include the factors such as the skill development that is the obesity control measures. Daily exercise, low calorie food consumption, weight lose and other factors to control obesity would be included in the skill developmentfactor(Bartelsetal.,2015).Empowermentalsoincludestheparent empowerment, children education and the education of the target group that is the middle aged people (25-30 year old). The empowerment program would also comprise of the education about the proper medication process to prevent obesity and the diabetes type II (Sak, Rothenfluh & Schulz, 2017). The empowerment program could be done through the social media network or practical examples such as role playing, visual interpretations and other means. Whereas, the engaging factor comprises of conveying message, communicating with community people, detecting the problems of the people, solving the problem and supporting them in the context of health promotion. The engaging program also includes the social network uses and involving the stakeholders such as Government and the health oragnisations with the health professionals to build positive relationships with the victims of these diseases and to aware other people (Montesi et al.,2016). This also includes the interactions with family, students, teachers and monitoring the community as well. On the other hand the motivation program depends on the counselling process which builds self motivation among the diseased people to prevent the effects of these diseases. The motivation process also targets the middle aged (25-30 year old) people who are vulnerable to these
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4 EMPOWERMENT IN OBESITY AND DIABETES PREVENTION diseases and the other community people. The motivation process will lead to evocation and collaboration with the people as well and the self motivation would help in building up positive perception, fitness, and socialization, enjoyment among the people who suffers from obesity or diabetes type II thus leading to stress free healthy lifestyle. Among all these three health promotion factors motivation and empowerment of the communitypeoplewouldbeincludedinthefuturehealthpromotionactivityofthe community nurse as these are the most crucial factors in the prevention of the chronic diseases. The empowerment program of the community people would be helpful in the knowledge development of the people in the context of the healthy living practices and the prevention of obesity and diabetes type II. Whereas, the motivation would lead to the practical engagement of the people in development of the prevention measures of the earlier mentioned diseases and also help in the awareness development about the ill effects of obesity and diabetes type II (Burton et al.,2016). However, engagement with the people of the community is needed to deliver all these health promotion activities in a positive manner towards the targeted people. In this manner the health promotion program of third assignment would include the empowerment, engagement and the motivation program and help in the awareness rising and problem solving of diabetes type II patients in the community. Basedontheabovediscussionitcanbeconcludedthathealthpromotionin community would be effectively needed for the prevention of obesity and diabetes type II. Thehealthpromotioncomprisedofempowerment,engagementwiththepeopleand motivation for them as well. Early health promotion for young people and also determining the social determinants would be needed to prevent these diseases. The use of social media as motivational and empowering tool would attract the young people towards this program.
5 EMPOWERMENT IN OBESITY AND DIABETES PREVENTION References Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2019). Older Australia at a glance, Diabetes - AustralianInstituteofHealthandWelfare.Retrievedfrom https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/older-people/older-australia-at-a-glance/contents/ health-and-functioning/diabetes Bartels, S. J., Pratt, S. I., Aschbrenner, K. A., Barre, L. K., Naslund, J. A., Wolfe, R., ... & Feldman, J. (2015). Pragmatic replication trial of health promotion coaching for obesity in serious mental illness and maintenance of outcomes.American Journal of Psychiatry,172(4), 344-352. Bhupathiraju, S. N., & Hu, F. B. (2016). Epidemiology of obesity and diabetes and their cardiovascular complications.Circulation research,118(11), 1723-1735. Burton, A. M., Brezausek, C. M., Agne, A. A., Hankins, S. L., Willett, L. L., & Cherrington, A. L. (2016). Evaluation of a workshop to improve residents’ patient-centred obesity counselling skills.Postgraduate medical journal,92(1090), 455-459. Diabetes.co.uk.(2019).DiabetesandObesity.Retrievedfrom https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes-and-obesity.html Dietz, W. H. (2015). The response of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the obesity epidemic.Annual review of public health,36, 575-596. Helvaci, M. R., Algin, M. C., Abyad, A., & Pocock, L. (2018). PHYSICAL INACTIVITY OR AN EXCESSIVE EATING HABIT.Middle East Journal of Nursing,12(1). Lewinski, A. A., Anderson, R. A., Vorderstrasse, A. A., Fisher, E. B., Pan, W., & Johnson, C. M.(2017).Analyzingunstructuredcommunicationinacomputer-mediated environment for adults with type 2 diabetes: a research protocol.JMIR research protocols,6(4), e65.
6 EMPOWERMENT IN OBESITY AND DIABETES PREVENTION Mills, J., Rosenberg, J. P., & McInerney, F. (2015). Building community capacity for end of life: an investigation of community capacity and its implications for health-promoting palliative care in the Australian Capital Territory.Critical Public Health,25(2), 218- 230. Montesi, L., El Ghoch, M., Brodosi, L., Calugi, S., Marchesini, G., & Dalle Grave, R. (2016). Long-termweightlossmaintenanceforobesity:amultidisciplinaryapproach. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy,9, 37. Robinson, M. J., Burghardt, P. R., Patterson, C. M., Nobile, C. W., Akil, H., Watson, S. J., ... & Ferrario, C. R. (2015). Individual differences in cue-induced motivation and striatal systems in rats susceptible to diet-induced obesity.Neuropsychopharmacology,40(9), 2113. Sak,G.,Rothenfluh,F.,&Schulz,P.J.(2017).Assessingthepredictivepowerof psychological Empowerment and health literacy for older patients’ participation in health care: a cross-sectional population-based study.BMC geriatrics,17(1), 59. Who.int.(2019).Obesityandoverweight.Retrievedfrom https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight Who.int.(2019).WHO|Track1:Communityempowerment.Retrievedfrom https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/7gchp/track1/en/