Food Service Management

Food service management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Examining distinct food supply chain approaches in the industry and highlighting key
stakeholders..................................................................................................................................1
P2. Discussing key principles associated to effective procurement and sourcing procedures for
operation of food service.............................................................................................................3
M1.Analysing different approaches of food supply along with strategies of procurement which
improves business effectiveness..................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P3. Assessing application of analytical tools...............................................................................4
P4. Evaluating various management practices which assist successful business operations......6
M2. Critical evaluation of tools and practices that managers uses to support business
operations.....................................................................................................................................7
D1. Providing justified addition to valid recommendation to support practices and strategies of
management which enhance operations of company...................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P5. Discussion on ethical practices uses in particular food service company and impacts of
them..............................................................................................................................................7
M3. Analysing different ethical practices and impacts they have on entire success of firm.......8
D2. Critical analyses of ethical practices and impacts they have on overall objectives of
enterprise......................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The term food service management could be said to a broad process which have
responsibility towards any kind of meal that is cooked outside the house. Food service industry
engrosses outlets, restaurants, hotels and others which serve snacks, meals, etc for the purpose of
proximate consumption on site. The purpose behind food service is supplying palatable food
which is cooked under acceptable benchmarks of hygiene, sanitation along with aesthetically that
is served within specified cost (Ali, Tan and Ismail, 2017). The report is all about PizzaExpress
which is chain of international acclaimed restaurant group that have clients and customers in
domestic and global market. It is a popular restaurant group that is UK based and has more than
470 restaurants in the nations along with nearby 100 in overseas market.
Present report investigates approaches related to food supply chain addition to principles
of procedures of procurement and sourcing. It also assess application of several analytical tools
together with different management practices in food service companies. At last, the report
explores significance of ethical management in company's success.
TASK 1
P1. Examining distinct food supply chain approaches in the industry and highlighting key
stakeholders
Overview of various food service contexts
The another name of food service is catering industry that specify those companies,
businesses or any other establishment which prepares meals and delivers to end consumer.
PizzaExpress is restaurant group in the industry that serves diverse number of meals and
beverages to target population. Some of food service contexts are defined below:
 Casual Dining: It is defined to full service restaurant which offers food at affordable
price with fun and laid back atmosphere. Casual dining provides good experience to its
diners with friendlier and relaxing ambience (Becken and Dolnicar, 2016). PizzaExpress
is a kind of casual dining which provides its customers a relaxing, comfortable, and laid
back surrounding with moderate priced menu.
 Fast food and take away: The concept of fast food refers to commercial term that is
restricted to food which is offered in restaurants or stores. Similarly, take away is cooked
1

meal that is purchased from food service company with intention to eat elsewhere. It is
kind of food service which is prepared and served fastly. Fine dining: The food service type is sort of sit down restaurant which have dress codes
and offers wide variety of meals at table of customer. PizzaExpress is fine dining
restaurant which caters to upscale population together with serves quality food.
Food supply chain approaches
The word food supply chain or system is a process which defined about how food ends
up from farmer to table of restaurant (Givens and Dunning, 2019). In respect to PizzaExpress,
food supply chain covers all practices which are part of transforming foodstuffs into ready to eat
food. Certain types of approaches related to food supply chain of PizzaExpress are below:
Final supply chain: It is an approach of food supply chain that comprises participation of
all members within flow or movement of products, capital, information and services that starts
from suppliers and ends at consumer. In PizzaExpress, the approach is used as it includes equal
participation of all organisational members in the process.
Extended supply chain: The approach includes supplier's supplier, organisation, buyer
along with main supplier in the process. The main focus of the chain is towards planning,
developing, making, delivering along with returning. It extends scope of management beyond
process of business that covers entire supply chain.
Key stakeholders
Stakeholders refers to member of groups that support business and its activities to gain
success. In relevance to PizzaExpress, the stakeholder that are part of fully supply chain process
are mentioned below:
Farmer: The stakeholder is a person that is actively engaged in livelihood, economic or
agricultural activities. In supply chain process of PizzaExpress, farmer is vital source to collect
agricultural products.
Processor: The stakeholder preserves together with process raw material to organisation
so that consumers get food products in edible together with safe condition (Hall and Gössling,
2016). In PizzaExpress, processor have responsibility to preserve and further process the
demanded products to the company in fine situation.
2

Customer: The stakeholder is key for an organisation as they buys meals from food
service industry. PizzaExpress serves millions of customers every week. It plays main role in
supply chain process as their decisions, needs and opinion impacts supplier's decision.
P2. Discussing key principles associated to effective procurement and sourcing procedures for
operation of food service
Procurement:
The act or activity to obtain products for business purposes is termed as procurement. It is
generally last act of buying and involves process to find addition to agree with terms and
conditions to acquiring products from external source. In PizzaExpress, procurement is seen as
core business function as it is nuanced as well as interwined with multiple core activities. While
procuring material or any products, major principles of procurement that are followed mu
managers of PizzaExpress are below:
Principle of transparency: According to the principle, there must be openness as well as
clarity among all parties that are part of procurement process (Jung, Kim and Bae, 2017). In
PizzaExpress, managers follow principle of transparency so to ensure that there is clarity and
openness among all parties involved in procurement process. Transparency reflects that
information related to procuring should be available to everyone that are contractors, suppliers,
organisational management and service providers.
Principle of Integrity: The principle states that these should be no collusion and
corruption with suppliers or other stakeholders that are part of procurement process. It translated
to reliability. Operational department of PizzaExpress works with principle of integrity in order
to assure confidence in procurement process. The principle fosters the company to perform with
honesty along with truthfulness.
Sourcing:
Finding balance among quality of materials addition to affordability is defined as
sourcing. It arises prior making purchase and includes locating sources of products that business
requires to meet customer satisfaction. In PizzaExpress, sourcing emphasis towards searching
best together with least expensive supplier for products. Certain principles of sourcing process
adopted in PizzaExpress are as discussed:
Principle of value for money: The principle says that sourcing procedures should be
carried out in proportion to the potentiality and requirements to manage outcomes, deliver better
3

results and calibrate for maximising efficiency (Kim, Choe, and Lee, 2016). In PizzaExpress,
principle of value for money is adhered to obtain products as per monetary value that is paid by
company and other related people in the process.
Principle of traceability: It is one step back one step ahead principle that is adhered to
determine origin and sources of food particularly art the time when ingredients of food are found
faulty. In PizzaExpress, managers believes in sourcing quality food and for this purpose they
initiates workings with the help of following principle of traceability so to have details of origin
of food, sources and ingredients that are to be used or to use in the future.
M1.Analysing different approaches of food supply along with strategies of procurement which
improves business effectiveness
In food supply organisations, there are various approaches that are used to supply food to
end consumer. Some of food supply chain approaches that helped managers of PizzaExpress to
improve effectiveness in performance are extended supply chain and final supply chain. At same
time, food service contexts adopted in the restaurant group are casual dining and fine dining to
serve customers with effectiveness. The key procurement strategies which improves
organisational efficiency to operate in competitive food service sector are risk management, total
qualify methods, green purchasing, vendor development and global sourcing (Lee, 2017).
TASK 2
P3. Assessing application of analytical tools
Business managers uses various analytical tools to assess business performances. In
context to PizzaExpress, assessment of application of various analytical tools are as follows:
SWOT Analysis
The strategic analytical tool which provides information about strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats of company. In restaurant group, the tool is applied for analysing
internal environment and position in market. SWOT analysis of PizzaExpress is below:
STRENGTHS
 Pizza Express have a lot of strong
aspects such as it is established a long
ago and because of that it captured a
large share of market.
WEAKNESSES
 It becomes complex for the restaurant
group to find prime locations for the
purpose of structure set of golden
arches (Ling and Wahab, 2020).
4

 It also serves variety of products that
are different from the competitors like
handmade pizzas, pizzas that are gluten
free, etc.
 The company can't cut down its prices
as low as the others because it has more
expenses so as to meet them the prices
cannot be slashed.
OPPORTUNITIES
 As it is a known brand so it can take
advantage of it by increasing sales in
the online market.
 PizzaExpress have opportunity of
changing its menu and adding variosu
dishes that attracts people from
overseas market.
THREATS
 Due to many rules and regulations, the
firm has to do its working in
accordance with government laws
which can be changed so it posses as a
threat for the firm.
 The restaurant is facing a stiff
competition as more and more firms are
entering this business and giving their
products at cheap rates so as to lure
customers.
PESTEL Analysis
Another strategic tool is PESTLE Analysis which aids in analysing external business
factors and then incorporating strategies and programs for reaching identified organisational
objectives. In PizzaExpress, the tool is applied for tracking environment wherein the company
operates. PESTLE analysis have 6 factors that are assessed below in context to PizzaExpress:
Political: These are factors which are related to the government like its stability, policies,
rules and regulations, etc. PizzaExpress is a well established brand and it is operating since very
long but if the government factors are not favourable it can affect its working and vice-versa.
Economic: It includes factors like rate of employment, exchange, inflation, etc.
PizzaExpress is affected by these factors in a broader term as it can be very crucial in its
working. If the economic factors are in favour it can have FDI and other major things that can
help it in the long run (Lunkes, Rose and Lattanzi, 2020).
Social: These are those factors which are related to the society like its growth rate of
population, average age, etc. The firm that is PizzaExpress is directly related to these factors as it
5

can affect it largely as any change in preferences, trend, culture, and belief have the potential to
shift the market share on either side.
Technological: The factors like technological advancement, updation, use of new
technology, etc. comes in it. PizzaExpress has to do research and analysis so as to chose the best
alternative of technology that it can use for better product and services as it can have a major
impact in the long run.
Environmental: These include factors relating to environment. The firm PizzaExpress
must shift towards the sustainable use of its resources as well as it must adopt new methods
which are eco friendly.
Legal: These are important factors which include laws, license, permits to do work, etc.
PizzaExpress must work in accordance with the laws that are standardised. The firm must
comply all the guidelines laid down for working so that it would not become a contender of
breach of laws which can have a bad impact on the firm.
P4. Evaluating various management practices which assist successful business operations
Management practices- It refers to the activity that are undertaken by the management
to ensure that the business must perform effectively and efficiently (Neto and Caldas, 2018).
PizzaExpress is a big firm so it has to look after many things that can help in the growth and
profitability of the firm. Some practices that support are explained in detail below-
Selection- It is the most common method of selecting a candidate. In this type the best
applicant is selected from various. PizzaExpress uses it as it needs a large employee base due to
its size and it is very helpful in getting genuine candidates that are interested in doing job with
the firm. It is beneficial for the firm as management can get candidates with the specific quality
that they want in their employees. It has negative effect too as nepotism and favouritism can
affect the selection of a candidate because management can try to get the candidate they like in
the job.
Rota management- It can be defined as the system in which candidates are employed for
a specific period of time or for a part of a year in which customers are more than usual.
PizzaExpress need large number of employees for a specific period in a year in which demand
for pizzas are maximum so the firm uses this type of recruiting process. It can be negative for the
company as people might be reluctant to work because it is of part time nature and individual
chose a firm in which there is job security.
6

M2. Critical evaluation of tools and practices that managers uses to support business operations
With food service entities, wide number of analytical tools and management practices are
popular that support all kinds of operations of the business. In case with PizzaExpress, managers
uses two analytical tools that are PESTLE analysis along with SWOT Analysis. As per Tutu and
Anfu (2019), it have been evaluated that SWOT analysis benefits in capitalising on
opportunities, understanding business better and developing resources. In contrary, the tool lacks
prioritising issues and produce wide information which is many times not required. The other
tool is PESTLE analysis that facilitates understanding for wider external business situations and
encourages strategic thinking. However, as per Qi and Roe (2017), it is critically evaluated that
the tool fails to provide clear picture about what is happening in external world and includes risk
of mishandling data. Management practices used within PizzaExpress are selection and rota
management that support overall performance of the company.
D1. Providing justified addition to valid recommendation to support practices and strategies of
management which enhance operations of company
To human resource managers of PizzaExpress, recommended practice is developing
employee as when managers will train and improve knowledge of manpower then employees
will work with higher morale and dedication to increase effectiveness of all categories of
operations. At same time time, the management of food service establishment is recommended to
adopt strategy of total quality management as it includes wide efforts for setting and making
permanent surrounding in which all operations are improved with desired quality standards.
TASK 3
P5. Discussion on ethical practices uses in particular food service company and impacts of them
Ethical practices- It refers to the moral values that an individual must follow. Pizza
Express is a big firm and the ethical practices followed are explained below-
Corporate social responsibility- It refers to the responsibility of a company towards
society and environment and they often include it in their planning and operation. This is an
important part as firms try to contribute as much as they can which leads to overall growth (Neto
and Caldas, 2018). Pizza Express fulfil their social responsibility by providing better product and
services, increased employment opportunities, reduced price, special attention to disabled people
and also giving equal opportunities to them that impact positively on the company and its
7

performance. It can fulfil its responsibility towards environment by using eco friendly ways in its
production that can help in reducing the amount of carbon footprints. Also some part of profit
can be given in charity to NGOs that are consistently working for the betterment of society and
environment.
Development of employees- It is a part of ethical practice in which overall development of
employees are focussed. Pizza Express use it because it has a huge number of employees
working for it so the firm must provide better training and development program to the workers.
It must focus on improving the sill set of employees as it is beneficial for the company as well as
from the individual point of view. As the employees are well developed it help in improving the
productivity of the company as well as it help the individual in his future endeavours.
M3. Analysing different ethical practices and impacts they have on entire success of firm
AS per (Weber and Saunders-Hogberg (2018), it is analysed that ethical practices are
concerned with beliefs related to moral right and wrong. Some ethical practices influence an
organisation to make higher performance and impacts widely. For example, CSR is one of
ethical practice followed in PizzaExpress that impacts on attracting customers that shares
essential values. Moreover, other practice is of developing employee that impacts positively on
growth and development of all staff members that are true organisational assets that have loyalty
and attachment to contribute in business success.
D2. Critical analyses of ethical practices and impacts they have on overall objectives of
enterprise
Ethical practices are guidelines for moral daily living that assist in improving business
outcomes. According to Hall and Gössling (2016), developing employee and CSR are major
ethical practice that supports objectives of PizzaExpress. These impacts on business by
improving skill sets, handling unexpected situations and fulfilling responsibilities that business
have towards society. All ethical practices impacts negatively and positively on a company.
CONCLUSION
As per the report, it is concluded that management of food service controls cost and
encourages prosperous eatery. The management aids organisational profitability through
preparing standards, sourcing distinct suppliers and serving customers with most healthy and
tasty dishes. Food service contexts are fine dining, causal dining, fast food and take away. Key
8

principles that are part of procurement stages are Principle of transparency, Principle of Integrity,
at same time, principle of Sourcing are Principle of value for money and Principle of traceability.
Management practices and ethical activities supports all operations of business and helps in
reaching towards recognised objectives.
9

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Ali, M. H., Tan, K. H. and Ismail, M. D., 2017. A supply chain integrity framework for halal
food. British Food Journal.
Becken, S. and Dolnicar, S., 2016. Uptake of resource efficiency measures among European
small and medium-sized accommodation and food service providers. Journal of
Hospitality and Tourism Management. 26. pp.45-49.
Givens, G. and Dunning, R., 2019. Distributor intermediation in the farm to food service value
chain. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 34(3). pp.268-270.
Hall, C. M. and Gössling, S. eds., 2016. Food tourism and regional development: Networks,
products and trajectories. Routledge.
Jung, J. R., Kim, T. H. and Bae, H. J., 2017. A study of perception and consumption behavior of
consumers with regards to local food and eco-friendly food. Culinary science and
hospitality research. 23(2). pp.104-116.
Kim, S. S., Choe, J. Y. and Lee, A., 2016. Efforts to globalize a national food. International
Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Lee, M. S., 2017. A Study on Influence of Location Factors of Food Service Business Start-up
Real Estate Store on Business Performance: Mediated Effect of Start-up Business
Satisfaction. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship. 12(2).
pp.77-86.
Ling, E. K. and Wahab, S. N., 2020. Integrity of food supply chain: going beyond food safety
and food quality. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management. 29(2).
pp.216-232.
Lunkes, R. J., Rosa, F. S. D. and Lattanzi, P., 2020. The effect of the perceived utility of a
management control system with a broad scope on the use of food waste information
and on financial and non-financial performances in restaurants. Sustainability. 12(15).
p.6242.
Neto, B. and Caldas, M. G., 2018. The use of green criteria in the public procurement of food
products and catering services: a review of EU schemes. Environment, Development and
Sustainability. 20(5). pp.1905-1933.
Qi, D. and Roe, B. E., 2017. Foodservice composting crowds out consumer food waste reduction
behavior in a dining experiment. American journal of agricultural economics. 99(5).
pp.1159-1171.
Tutu, B. O. and Anfu, P.O., 2019. Evaluation of the food safety and quality management systems
of the cottage food manufacturing industry in Ghana. Food Control. 101. pp.24-28.
Weber, O. and Saunders-Hogberg, G., 2018. Water management and corporate social
performance in the food and beverage industry. Journal of cleaner production. 195.
pp.963-977.
Online:
PizzaExpress. 2020. [Online]. Available through: <https://www.pizzaexpress.com/>
10